Celtis diffusa Planchon (1848: 314)

Zamengo, Henrique Borges, Chamorro, Débora C., Houtepen, Erika. T., Gaglioti, André Luiz, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, Prado, Darién E. & Oakley, Luis J., 2025, Taxonomic revision of the Celtis iguanaea complex (Cannabaceae), Phytotaxa 689 (1), pp. 53-98 : 68-70

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.689.1.5
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0BD67-3120-9D74-54D5-F8117E60A2DC
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Celtis diffusa Planchon (1848: 314)
status

Treatment

4. Celtis diffusa Planchon (1848: 314) View in CoL ( Figures 2D–D View FIGURE 2 3 View FIGURE 3 , 4D View FIGURE 4 , 5G–H View FIGURE 5 , 6G–H View FIGURE 6 , 7 View FIGURE 7 ).

Lectotype (designated by Zamengo et al. 2023b):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Mercês, 1841, fl., G. Gardner 5184 (lectotype: K [000512921, left branch] image!; isolectotype: K [000512920] image!).

= Momisia ferruginea Weddell (1852: 194) View in CoL . Celtis ferruginea (Weddell) Miquel (1853: 177) View in CoL nom. illeg. non Celtis ferruginea Walpers (1843: 424) View in CoL . Celtis ferruginea (Weddell) Planchon (1873: 188) View in CoL nom. illeg. Celtis fluminensis Carauta (1971: 39) View in CoL as a new name proposed for Celtis ferruginea (Weddell) Miquel. View in CoL

Lectotype (designated by Zamengo et al. 2023b):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Without a specific location, 1832, fr., C. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 91 (lectotype: P [00089350] image!; isolectotype: P [06765146] image!).

Scrambling shrubs or scrambling trees, 3–20 m tall; secondary and tertiary branches cinereous-gray or chestnut-brown, sinuous or straight, terete or sulcate, pilose to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brow; thorns 2–8 mm long, in pairs or solitary, curved, semi-curved or straight, chestnut-brown or maroon-red, pilose to velutinous throughout, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown. Leaf: petiole 3–10 mm long, pubescent to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, leaf blades widely-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.8–12.2 × 2.1–7.5 cm, concolorous (olive-green or chestnut-brown) or discolorous (adaxial surface olive-green and abaxial chestnut-brown), chartaceous, the apex acuminated, the base symmetrical, cordate or sub-cordate, the margins entire, serrate or serrulate, congested teeth emerging from the proximal third to the distal (immature leaves), from the middle to the distal third (mature leaves) or restricted to the distal third (mature leaves), adaxial surface scabrous, opaque, pilose to pubescent throughout, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, abaxial surface velvety, pubescent to velutinous throughout, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brow, veins sometimes protruding, chestnut-brown, pocket domatia, inconspicuous, pubescent to velutinous throughout, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown. Cymes glomerulate, peduncles 4–10 mm long, pubescent to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, bracts absent. Staminate flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long, pubescent to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, sepals abaxially pubescent to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, the margins ciliate. Pistillate flowers: pedicels 2–4 mm long, pubescent to velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown; ovary 4–6 × 2–4.5 mm, velutinous throughout, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown, velvety, the style conspicuous (0.6–1 mm long), the stigmatic branches 3–4 mm long, bifid, the lobes 1–2 mm long. Drupe: globose or ovate, 7.5–12 × 8–9 mm, epicarp primrose-yellow, velvery, velutinous, the trichomes ivory-white or chestnut-brown; mesocarp viscous, membranous, not ornamented; pyrene ovate, 8–10 × 6–6.7 mm, ivory-white, surface striated-verrucose, nonproeminent warts, rounded warts randomly distributed, biapiculate, distal apiculum aciculate, 0.5–1 mm long, linear apex apiculum, scar absent.

Etymology: —The epithet “ diffusa ” refers to the growth pattern.

Vernacular names: —Coatindiba, corindiba, corindiuba, corrupiá, corubá, cotindiba, curubá, espora de galo, espora de pinto, esporão, esporão de galo, galinha choca, grão de galo, guajissara, gurrupiá, gurupiá, joá branco, joá cipó, joá de espinho, juá, juá preto, juazeiro, limoeiro, nhapindá, salta-martim, tala and taleiro ( Brazil).

Distribution, habit and ecology: —Most records from the coast of Brazil with only one record from Paraguay ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Common in areas of the Atlantic Forest, scarce in the Brazilian Cerrado. In Brazil, the species occurs at the edges of dense ombrophilous forests, “capoeirões” and dry forests. Celtis diffusa has an affinity for sandy, sandyclayey and clayey soils. Heliophilous, as all its records are associated with environments with high incidence of light.

Phenology: —Flowers and fruits occur from March to December.

Taxonomic notes: — Baehni (1936) synonymized C. diffusa under C. pubescens . These species must be considered distinct because C. diffusa occurs in the southeast region of Brazil with only one record for Paraguay ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ); has pocket domatia ( Figure 2D View FIGURE 2 3 View FIGURE 3 ); ovary 4–6 × 2–4.5 mm ( Figure 5H View FIGURE 5 ), stigmatic branches 3–4 mm long ( Figure 5H View FIGURE 5 ); epicarp with chestnut-brown trichomes (see Figure 8F View FIGURE 8 in Chamorro et al. 2021), biapiculate pyrene 8–10 × 6–6.7 mm with striated-verrucose surface ( Figure 6H View FIGURE 6 ), whereas C. pubescens occurs in the Amazon regions of Bolivia, Brazil (Acre), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela ( Figure 7 View FIGURE 7 ); has tuft domatia ( Figure 3C3 View FIGURE 3 ); ovary 0.5–1 × 0.5–1 mm ( Figure 5R View FIGURE 5 ), stigmatic branches 1–2 mm ( Figure 5R View FIGURE 5 ); epicarp with lemon-yellow trichomes ( Figure 6S View FIGURE 6 ), monoapiculate pyrene 5–6.5 × 4–4.5 mm with alveolate-crateriform surface ( Figure 6T View FIGURE 6 ).

Berg & Dahlberg (2001) synonymized C. diffusa under C. iguanaea . These species are distinct, because C. diffusa has branches, thorns (see Figure 2F View FIGURE 2 in Chamorro et al. 2021), abaxial leaf surface ( Figure 2D2 View FIGURE 2 ), and ovary pilose to velutinous ( Figure 5H View FIGURE 5 ); glomerulate cymes ( Figure 4D View FIGURE 4 ); style conspicuous ( Figure 5H View FIGURE 5 ), stigmatic branches 3–3.5 mm long ( Figure 5H View FIGURE 5 ); drupe primrose-yellow ( Figure 6G View FIGURE 6 ), epicarp covered by chestnut-brown trichomes (see Figure 8F View FIGURE 8 in Chamorro et al. 2021), biapiculate pyrene with striated-verrucose surface ( Figure 6H View FIGURE 6 ), whereas C. iguanaea has branches, thorns ( Figure 9B View FIGURE 9 ), abaxial leaf surface ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 2 View FIGURE 2 ) and ovary glabrous to pilose ( Figure 5N View FIGURE 5 ); dichotomous cymes ( Figure 4F View FIGURE 4 ); style inconspicous ( Figure 5N View FIGURE 5 ) to none, stigmatic branches 1.5–2 mm long ( Figure 5N View FIGURE 5 ); mature drupe fulvous-orange ( Figure 6M View FIGURE 6 ), epicarp subglabrous with ivory-white trichomes ( Figure 6M View FIGURE 6 ), monoapiculate pyrene with verrucose surface ( Figure 6N View FIGURE 6 ).

Additional material examined: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Itagibá, Litoral sul, mata do laterítico, 14°10’36” S, 39°44’ W, 13 July 2009, fr., M.L. Guedes et al. 16355 ( ALCB, NY, US) GoogleMaps . Medeiros Neto, comunidade Agrovila Panorama, núcleo Jacarandá , matriz 5, 17°25’7” S, 46°09’35” W, 16 November 2013, fl., Grupo de coletores do núcleo Jacarandá 5 ( RB). Espírito Santo: Barra de São Francisco , Boa Sorte, propriedade do Sr. Vitorino Cortelette, 10 July 1984, fr., R.M. Pizziolo 179 ( MBML, SP). Bairro Alvorada, Fazenda Santa Catarina, 13 May 1988, fr., M.F. dos Santos s.n. ( MBML5003 , SP293364 ). Minas Gerais: Caratinga, Estação Biológica de Caratinga , 11 October 1987, fl., I.R. Andrade et al. 241 ( NY) GoogleMaps ; 30 May 2003, fr., J.P. Boubli s.n. ( ESA85798 , BHCB82204 ). Descoberto, reserva biológica da represa do Grama, 3 November 2002, fl., L.C.S. Assis et al. 614 ( CESJ, RB). Juiz de Fora , Caetés , 18 May 1982, fr., L. Krieger s.n. ( CESJ19925 , SP304097 ). Mercês , Estrada Espírito Santo , borda da estrada, 21°10’53.8”S 43°20’03.4”W, 1 August 2022, fr., H.B.Z. Souza 227 ( RB). Rio de Janeiro : Alto da Boa Vista , Vista Chinesa , 29 November 1945, fr., J.G. Kuhlmann s.n. ( NY barcode 00441119!, P barcode 06781629!, RB barcode 00438837!), Estrada Dona Castorina , 22º58’14” S, 43º15’19” W, 11 May 2022, fr., H.B.Z. Souza 223 ( RB). São Paulo : São José dos Campos, Rua B ao lado da Rodovia Governador Carvalho Pinto, - 23.3001336 S, - 45.8849443 W, 22 November 2020, fr., H.B.Z. Souza 142, 143, 144 ( PMSP) GoogleMaps . PARAGUAY. Caaguazú: 19 November 1876, fr., B. Balansa 2423 (P) .

ALCB	Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina
NY	William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden
RB	Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
MBML	Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão
SP	Instituto de Botânica
CESJ	Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
PMSP	Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo

Copyright notice

No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.

Taxonomy

Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Tracheophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Rosales
Family	Cannabaceae
Genus	Celtis