SCHWAGERINIDAE Dunbar & Henbest, 1930

Vachard, Daniel & Le Coze, Francois, 2024, Paleozoic Foraminifera: Current State Of The Classification And Perspectives, Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 20 (2), pp. 97-130 : 119

Family SCHWAGERINIDAE Dunbar & Henbest, 1930 Schwagerinoidea rhombic to fusiform, rarely globular, with very folded septa, an absence of central aperture with tunnel, wall smooth, axial filling diversely developed, chomata limited to the proloculus and/or first whorls, rare phrenothecae, cuniculi only present in some advanced forms. Gzhelian to Capitanian.

Subfamily CHUSENELLINAE Kahler & Kahler, 1966 Test small to large, pseudo- to elongated fusiform, often with a flattened median region; juvenarium usually small; relatively numerous whorls; wall in early stage very thin, sometimes wavy, in the outer parts even, from thin to moderate, two-layered, sometimes with an inconsistent outer tectorium; the spiral expands with a slight jump after the thightly coiled internal whorls; septa thin, in early stage unfolded or slightly folded along the axis, in the outer whorls quite strongly folded along the entire length of the test, folding from irregular and low to regular, frequent, narrow and deep; secondary deposits in the form of thickenings in septa in the middle part of the test or on its sides weak chomata in early stage; aperture narrow to quite wide.

Remark: The recently proposed subfamily Kwantoellinae Okuyucu, 2022 is either a junior synonym of Schubertellinae or of Chusenellinae depending on the understanding of the wall composition/structure. Furthermore, the genus Postkwantoella Okuyucu, 2022 is also a taxon inquirendum. Its type species is probably a primitive Chusenella .

Ueno (2022) redescribed the genus Kwantoella . We agree that Kwantoella has more affinity with the schwagerinids than with the schubertellids where it was earlier classified ( Ueno, 2022). Kwantoella is included in the Chusenellinae in the present classification rather than in the Triticitinae because of the absence of strong chomata, the moderate axial fillings limited to the median part of the test and the absence of strong septal folding.

Composition: Chusenella Hsu, 1942 ; Chusenella (Sosioella) Skinner & Wilde, 1966 ; Dunbarinella Thompson, 1942 ; Eochusenella Huang in Huang & Zeng, 1984; Kwantoella Sakagami & Omata, 1957 ; Orientoschwagerina A. D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1955 ; Pseudochusenella Bensh, 1987 ; Rugosochusenella Skinner & Wilde, 1965 ; Rugososchwagerina A. D. Miklukho-Maklay, 1959 ; Xiaoxinzhaiella Shi, Yang & Jin, 2005 .