Taraxacum calens, Beak

Kirschner, Jan, Štěpánek, Jan & Buryy, Vladimir V., 2025, Towards a revision of Taraxacum sect. Borealia (Compositae, Crepidinae) in Siberia and the continental Far East, with special reference to the dandelions of the Altai and Kamchatka, Phytotaxa 679 (1), pp. 1-147 : 16-19

Achenes 3.8–4.5 mm long, usually 1.1–1.4 mm thick .................................................................................................. 13. T. calens Beak (13–) 17–20 mm long ....................................................................................................................................... 61. T. ajanense Beak shorter than 13 mm ................................................................................................................................................................ 42 Outer phyllaries black or black-green, without a paler border, or with a narrow, almost invisible border .................................... 43 Outer phyllaries dark olivaceous-green, blackish olivaceous or olivaceous; paler border developed, usually distinct ................. 46 Outer phyllaries 2.8–3.9 mm wide ..................................................................................................................... 58. T. natschikense Outer phyllaries 1.3–2.3 mm wide ................................................................................................................................................. 44 Cone 0.7–1.0 mm long ......................................................................................................................................... 26. T. macilentum Cone ca. 0.5 mm long ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Outer phyllaries without a paler border or the border indistinct, sharply delimited, up to 0.1 mm wide .............. 27. T. brevicorne Outer phyllaries usually with an indistinct, slightly paler border 0.3–0.4 mm wide, with a gradual transition between the border and the central part ..................................................................................................................................................... 28. T. badzhalense Outer phyllaries usually 15–19 ....................................................................................................................................................... 47 Outer phyllaries usually 8–15 ......................................................................................................................................................... 50 Outer phyllaries with a paler border usually 0.5–1.0 mm wide; leaves usually pinnatisect ............................... 43. T. perlatescens Outer phyllaries with a paler border usually (0.1–) 0.3–0.5 mm wide; leaves undivided, pinnatilobed or pinnatisect ................. 48 Outer phyllaries usually 5.5–6 mm long .............................................................................................................. 20. T. seminudum Outer phyllaries usually 7–10 mm long ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Involucre ca. 9 mm wide at base; outer phyllaries usually 1.5–2.5 mm wide .......................................... 44. T. kljutschevskoanum Involucre ca. 11–12 mm wide at base; outer phyllaries usually 2.5–3 mm wide ......................................................... 14. T. pingue Cone 0.7–1.2 mm long ................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Cone 0.3–0.7 mm long ................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Stigmas light discoloured ............................................................................................................................................................... 52 Stigmas deep discoloured to dark discoloured ................................................................................................................................53 Divided leaves usually with 3–4 pairs of lateral segments; horns on later capitula 2–3 mm long ........................ 49. T. longicorne Divided leaves usually with 5–6 pairs of lateral segments; horns on later capitula 0.3–1.0 mm long ........ 54. T. pseudocompitale Involucre 11–12 mm wide at base; outer phyllaries usually more than 9 mm long; interlobes often blotched; beak 11.5–13 mm long ................................................................................................................................................................... 51. T. mimosiflorum Involucre usually 8–10 mm wide at base; outer phyllaries usually less than 8 mm long; interlobes not blotched; beak up to 11 mm long.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54 Beak 6–8 mm long ....................................................................................................................................................... 53. T. tuvense Beak 9 mm long or longer .............................................................................................................................................................. 55 Leaves with conspicuously dentate and/or lobulate interlobes; outer phyllaries few (8–12) ...................................... 48. T. hultenii Leaves with interlobes entire or with a few sparse little teeth; outer phyllaries ± numerous (11–20) ........................................... 56 Scapes glabrous or with sparse arachnoid hairs; cone subcylindrical, 0.9–1.2 mm long .................................. 36. T. subtrigonum Scapes densely arachnoid distally, otherwise sparsely to medium densely so; cone subconical, ca. 0.7 mm long ............................ .................................................................................................................................................................. 35. T. ceratophorum s. str. Cone cylindrical or subcylindrical .................................................................................................................................................. 58 Cone conical to subconical ............................................................................................................................................................. 59 Achenes 3.3–3.8 mm long; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, usually 2.0– 2.8 mm wide, border indistinct, 0.2–0.3 mm wide ..................................................................................................................................................... 46. T. abhorrens Achenes 4.4–4.7 mm long; outer phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, usually 3.2–3.7 mm wide, border distinct, ca. 0.8–1.0 wide ......... ....................................................................................................................................................................... 54. T. pseudocompitale Leaves undivided ................................................................................................................................................... 12. T. peschkovae At least some leaves deeply divided (pinnatifid to pinnatisect) ..................................................................................................... 60 Achenes usually 1.1–1.4 mm thick ................................................................................................................................................. 61 Achenes ca. 1.0 mm thick ............................................................................................................................................................... 62 Interlobes usually blotched brown-purple; outer phyllaries 9–10.5 mm long ............................................................... 13. T. calens Interlobes not blotched; outer phyllaries usually 7–8 mm long .............................................................................. 55. T. desolatum Outer phyllaries most often 13–16 (20), usually 3.2–3.8 mm wide ........................................................ 35. T. ceratophorum s. str. Outer phyllaries most often 10–13, usually 2–3 mm wide ............................................................................................................. 63 Outer phyllaries with a border distinct, sharply delimited, 0.3–0.6 mm wide; achenes usually shorter than 4 mm ........................... ................................................................................................................................................................................ 47. T. anadyrense Outer phyllaries with a border indistinct, with a gradual transition, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, sometimes 0.4–0.8 mm wide, then very inconspicuously developed; achenes usually 4 mm long or longer ............................................................................................... 64 Outer ligules flat; stigmas light discoloured; scapes subglabrous, with scattered arachnoid hairs .......................... 45. T. evittatum Outer ligules narrow, canaliculate; stigmas deep discoloured; scapes arachnoid, densely so below a capitulum .............................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 52. T. koraginense

Core species of T. sect. Borealia, with yellow or almost yellow stigmas