CASSIDULOIDA AGASSIZ & DESOR, 1847

Souto, Camilla, Mooi, Rich, Martins, Luciana, Menegola, Carla & Marshall, Charles R., 2019, Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, pp. 622-660 : 650

ORDER CASSIDULOIDA AGASSIZ & DESOR, 1847

Emended diagnosis: Neognathostomata with an anterior apical system with three (G3 missing) or four gonopores. Peristome anterior; buccal pores developed. Bourrelets formed only by the basicoronal plate and never flush. Phyllodes developed; short (i.e. adradial to third plate of interambulacra 1 and 5). Ambulacral basicoronal plates with up to two pores; second pore placed aborally and near adradial suture. Sphaeridia few (usually up to six, no more than eight). Perignathic girdle lacking; lantern present only in very early life stages.

I n c l u d e d f a m i l i e s b a s e d o n p r e s e n t a n a ly s i s: Cassidulidae , Eurhodiidae fam. nov., Faujasiidae , Neolampadidae and Pliolampadidae .