Engraulis japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846

Lin, Chien-Hsiang, Wu, Siao-Man, Lin, Chia-Yen & Chien, Chi-Wei, 2023, Early Pliocene otolith assemblages from the outer-shelf environment reveal the establishment of mesopelagic fish fauna over 3 million years ago in southwestern Taiwan, Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (23) 142 (1), pp. 1-40 : 7

Engraulis japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1846

Figure 4c–d

1981 Engraulis cf. E. japonicus —Ohe: pl. 1, Fig. 6 [ Japan].

1983 Engraulis japonicus —Ohe: pl. 1, Fig. 1 [ Japan].

2021 Engraulis japonica —Mitsui et al.: Fig. 4J [ Japan].

2023 Engraulis japonica —Mitsui et al.: Fig. 4D [ Japan].

Remarks Te otoliths of Engraulis japonicus can be easily distinguished by their extremely elongated shape (OL/ OH = 2.1–2.5), slender profile, funnel-like sulcus, and protruding rostrum (Lin & Chang, 2012: pl. 71). While this species is not uncommon in the collection, the anterior tip and ventral denticles are often not well-preserved.

Figures

Fig. 4 Fish otoliths from the Lower Pliocene Gutingkeng Formation, southern Taiwan. Scale bars=1 mm. Images are inner views unless otherwise indicated. a–b Bathycongrus sp., Site 2, ASIZF 0100597–598.c–d Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846, ASIZF 0100599–600, c Site 5, mud layer, d Site 5, sand layer. e, Stolephorus sp., Site 2, ASIZF 0100601. f–g Polyipnus sp., Site 5, sand layer,ASIZF 0100602–603.h Neoscopelus macrolepidotus Johnson, 1863, Site 5, mud layer,ASIZF 0100604.i Gonostomatidae indet., Site 5, sand layer,ASIZF 0100605.1, ventral view; 2, inner view

Fig. 6 Fish otoliths from the Lower Pliocene Gutingkeng Formation, southern Taiwan. Scale bars=1 mm. Images are inner views unless otherwise indicated. a–g Benthosema parafibulatum sp. nov., ASIZF 0100606–612, a holotype, Site 5, mud layer, b–g paratypes, b, e–g Site 5, mud layer, c–d Site 5, sand layer. h–k Benthosema duanformis sp. nov., ASIZF 0100613–616,h holotype,Site 5, mud layer, i–k paratypes, i, k Site 5, mud layer, j Site 2. l–n Benthosema pterotum (Alcock, 1890), Site 5, mud layer, ASIZF 0100617–619. 1, ventral view; 2, inner view

Fig. 1 Maps showing the sampling sites.a Overview of geological map of Taiwan (modified after Chen, 2016). b Detailed geological map of study area (map extracted from National Geological Data Warehouse, Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs,Taiwan). c–d Detail maps of the sampling sites in Chochen,Tainan (c) and Tianliao,Kaohsiung (d)