Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918

Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 985, pp. 1-298 : 122-125

Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 stat. rev.

Figs 1 , 11 , 78–80

Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 141 , pl. 23 fig. 88.

Aname distincta ( Rainbow, 1914) – Raven 1981: 338 (synonymy of A. villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 with A. distincta Rainbow, 1914 here rejected).

Diagnosis

Males of A. villosa can be distinguished from all species for which males are known except A. bifaceta sp. nov., A. occivillosa sp. nov., A. scutitheca sp. nov., and A. warialda by a moderate to large body size (carapace length> 4 mm), the presence of a long embolus (embolus length / bulb length>1.5) that is relatively straight, a short tibial megaspine (megaspine length /tibia length <0.2), and three or more spines on the prolateral patellae of the pedipalp and leg I ( Fig. 78A–Q ). Males of A. villosa can be distinguished from those of A. bifaceta , A. scutitheca , and A. warialda by the presence of a shorter embolus (embolus length / bulb length <2) and a shorter asetose depression on the pedipalp tibia (depression length / pedipalp tibia length <0.6) ( Fig. 78 J-M; cf. Figs 71 , 76 , 81 ). Males of A. villosa can be distinguished from those of A. occivillosa by the presence of a more rounded heel on metatarsus I and a straighter embolus ( Fig. 78L, Q ; cf. Fig. 74 ).

Females of A. villosa can be distinguished from all species for which females are known except A. boreovillosa sp. nov. and A. occivillosa sp. nov. by the presence of spermathecae with two vesicles, with relatively long, undulating lateral vesicle (lateral vesicle length/ genitalia width>0.25) and tightly undulating medial vesicles ( Fig. 79L , 80L ). Females of A. villosa can be distinguished from those of A. boreovillosa by the presence of spermathecae with longer lateral vesicles with narrower or lessrounded crowns (lateral vesicle length / width>2.9) ( Figs 79L , 80L ; cf. Fig. 73 ). Females of A. villosa can be distinguished from those of A. occivillosa by the presence of spermathecae with lateral vesicles with narrower bases and relatively symmetrical, distally-flattened crowns ( Figs 79L , 80L ; cf. Fig. 75 ).

Type material

Syntypes

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Eidsvold ; 25°22′ S, 151°07′ E; AMS KS131260 (ex.AMS K40935) • 1 ♀; Eidsvold ; 25°22′ S, 151°07′ E; AMS KS1395 (ex. AMS K40935) .

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♀; Biloela, on Dawson Highway , near Callide Timber Reserve ; 24°14′ S, 150°35′ E; 372 m a.s.l.; 22 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118302 • 1 ♀; Burnett Highway , SE of Cynthia State Forest; 25°09′ S, 151°11′ E; 196 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118305 • 1 juv.; Eidsvold, Hollywell Road ; 25°21′ S, 151°09′ E; 220 m a.s.l.; 23 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118303 • 1 juv.; Eidsvold, Hollywell Road ; 25°21′ S, 151°09′ E; 222 m a.s.l.; 23 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118304 • 1 ♂; Gurgeena Plateau ; 25°27′ S, 151°23′ E; 350 m a.s.l.; 29 Dec. 2012 – 6 Feb. 2013; G.B. Monteith leg.; gutter trap, open forest; QMB S102922 • 1 ♀; Binjour, Swains Road ; 25°32′ S, 151°30′ E; 373 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118307 • 1 juv.; Binjour, Swains Road ; 25°32′ S, 151°30′ E; 380 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118306 • 1 ♂; The Bluff ( Keysland ); 26°14′ S, 151°42′ E; 500 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov. 1994 – 3 Feb. 1996; G.B. Monteith leg.; intercept trap, open forest; QMB S37633 .

Description

Male (QMB S102922)

GENERAL ( Fig. 78A–Q ). Body length 20.79, in good condition, colour presumably faded due to preservation.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 78A, E–F ). Carapace length 7.86, width 7.13, length/width 1.10, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.70, caput width/carapace width 0.75, carapace red-brown, reflective setae present, heavy on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.14 ( Fig. 78A, F ); chelicerae red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.53 ( Fig. 78A ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.88, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 78E ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 78B, D ). Abdomen length 8.70, grey-brown, dorsal pattern absent, with covering of reflective setae, and consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 78C, G–I ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 78H ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 133, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 35% of maxillae length ( Fig. 78C, I ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 78C, I ); sternum length/width 1.10, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 78G–H ); posterior sigilla elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.23, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.19 ( Fig. 78G–H ); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 78G–H ).

LEG I ( Fig. 78N–Q ). Leg I red-brown, femur length 6.59, patella length 4.31, tibia length 4.93, metatarsus length 4.61, tarsus length 3.09, total length 23.53, leg I length/carapace length 3.00 ( Fig. 78N–O ); scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus ( Fig. 78N–O ); spine count Fe D 6, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 3, Ti PL 0, Ti RL 0, Me PL 0, Me RL 0, Ta 0 ( Fig. 78N–O ); tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.56, even width along length, spur present, digitiform, knuckle present, megaspine angled at 13 degrees, length to distal face of spur/tibia length [TIS/TIL] 0.57, spur height/tibia width [TISH/TID] 0.63, megaspine length/tibia length 0.14 ( Fig. 78N–P ); metatarsus slightly sinuous, proximal excavation present, excavation concave with pronounced heel, heel rounded, excavation length/metatarsus length [MIPEL/MIL] 0.36, metatarsus length/width [MIL/MID] 3.94 ( Fig. 78N–O, Q ).

PEDIPALP ( Fig. 78J–M ). Tibia length 3.21, width 1.26, length/width [PTL/PTD] 2.55, asetose depression present, depression length/palp tibia length [PDL/PTL] 0.56, retrolateral face with consistent covering of light setae, ventral face with two elongate bristle-like setae below depression, prolateral face with patch of spines on distal half, disto-medial spine absent ( Fig. 78J–K ); patella prolateral face with 3 (proximal rubbed off) spines ( Fig. 78J–K ); cymbium with scopulae present distally ( Fig. 78J–K ); copulatory organ total length 1.83, length/palp tibia length 0.57 ( Fig. 78L–M ); bulb length/width 0.81 ( Fig. 78L–M ); embolus demarcated and roughly perpendicular to bulb, attenuate, tapering and curving relatively evenly to point, width at base/bulb width 0.21, embolus length/bulb length 1.64 ( Fig. 78L– M ).

Female (syntype, AMS KS131260 [ex. AMS K40935])

GENERAL ( Fig. 79A–L ). Body length 25.22, in moderate condition, colour faded significantly due to preservation.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 79A, E–F ). Carapace length 9.88, width 8.88, length/width 1.11, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.72, caput width/carapace width 0.72, carapace orange-brown, reflective setae present, light on caput, light on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.19 ( Fig. 79A, F ); chelicerae red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.52 ( Fig. 79A ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.74, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 79E ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 79B, D ). Abdomen length 10.24, brown, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 79C, G–I ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 79H ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 230, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 50% of maxillae length ( Fig. 79C, I ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 79C, I ); sternum length/width 1.06, setae of right sternum rubbed off, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 79G–H ); posterior sigilla elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.22, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.18 ( Fig. 79G–H ); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 79G–H ).

LEG I ( Fig. 79J–K ). Leg I orange-brown, femur length 7.35, patella length 4.91, tibia length 5.53, metatarsus length 4.62, tarsus length 3.06, total length 25.47, leg I length/carapace length 2.58; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 0, Fe PL 1 (rubbed off), Pa PL 3 (medial rubbed off), Ti PL 3, Ti RL 4, Me PL 2, Me RL 2, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.46.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 79D, L ). Epigastric furrow extending slightly, posterior edge with rounded shape ( Fig. 79D ); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 79L ); lateral vesicle undulating, with several distinct bends, length 0.67, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.31, length/width at base 4.05, crown slightly wider than stem ( Fig. 79L ); medial vesicle short, undulating, and projecting postero-ventrally, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.32, length/width 1.2, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 1.05 ( Fig. 79L ).

Female (QMB S118302)

GENERAL ( Fig. 80A–L ). Body length 23.19, in good condition.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 80A, E–F ). Carapace length 8.53, width 7.49, length/width 1.14, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.72, caput width/carapace width 0.78, carapace dark red-brown, reflective setae present, heavy on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.16 ( Fig. 80A, F ); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.51 ( Fig. 80A ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.71, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 80E ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 80B, D ). Abdomen length 10.22, dark grey, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 80C, G–I ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 80H ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 250, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 50% of maxillae length ( Fig. 80C, I ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 80C, I ); sternum length/width 1.08, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges, setae at higher density around anterior edges ( Fig. 80G–H ); posterior sigilla elongate, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.21, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.20 ( Fig. 80G–H ); other sigilla small and lateral, medial sigilla semi-elongate, anterior sigilla round ( Fig. 80G–H ).

LEG I ( Fig. 80J–K ). Leg I orange-brown, darker on patella and tibia, femur length 7.33, patella length 4.87, tibia length 5.11, metatarsus length 4.64, tarsus length 2.94, total length 24.89, leg I length/carapace length 2.92; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 0, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 3, Ti PL 2, Ti RL 4, Me PL 0, Me RL 2, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.30.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 80D, L ). Epigastric furrow extending slightly, posterior edge with rounded shape ( Fig. 80D ); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 80L ); lateral vesicle undulating, with several distinct bends, length 1.00, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.51, length/width at base 2.93, crown slightly wider than stem ( Fig. 80L ); medial vesicle short, undulating, and projecting postero-ventrally, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.52, length/width 1.58, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 1.02 ( Fig. 80L ).

Distribution and natural history

Aname villosa occurs in central Queensland, in the north-eastern part of the Brigalow Belt South bioregion. It extends from near Wondai, north to near Biloela ( Fig. 11 ). It constructs an open, silk-lined burrow with silk spilling out from the entrance, sometimes with a built-up mound of soil around the entrance. The burrow has a short, hidden ‘wishbone’ entrance, which, when excavated, is revealed to terminate in a distinctly thick, white sheath of silk ( Fig. 11 ).

Remarks

This species was previously synonymised with A. distincta by Raven (1985); however, morphological examination of the syntypes and newly collected material has confirmed that it is a distinct species.

Figures

Fig. 1. Phylogeny and general map of eastern Australian Aname L. Koch, 1873. Left: IQ-TREE Maximum Likelihood phylogeny for the genus Aname with species groups sensu Rix et al. (2021) highlighted in grey, species complexes as defined in this study highlighted in colour, and showing the phylogenetic position of many of the species described herein, as well as some potential species (those with nicknames in quotation marks) that may turn out to be distinct, but did not meet our standards for description. Species groups that are not represented in eastern Australia are collapsed. Support values on the phylogeny show the results of 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and are only shown in cases where support was below 90%. Top-right: a map of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, showing the locality of all Aname specimens included in this study. Bottom-right: a smaller phylogeny highlighting the higher-level relationships between species groups of Aname as recovered in this study.

Fig. 11. Aname warialda-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 78. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♂ (QMB S102922). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 79. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♀ syntype (AMS KS131260 [ex. AMS K40935]). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium.I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Right leg I, prolateral view (image reflected). K. Right leg I, retrolateral view (image reflected). L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J = 2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 80. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♀ (QMB S118302). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 71. Aname bifaceta sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S49920). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 76. Aname scutitheca sp. nov., ♂ (QMB S722248). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). N. Left leg I, full prolateral view. P. Left tibia I, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm.

Fig. 81. Aname warialda Raven, 1985, holotype, ♂ (QMB S1291). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 74. Aname occivillosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S96935). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 73. Aname boreovillosa sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QMB S118291). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 75. Aname occivillosa sp. nov., ♀ (QMB S118269). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsalview.C.Cephalothorax,ventralview.D.Abdomen,ventralview.E.Ocularregion.F.Fovea.G.Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L= 1 mm.