Aname warialda, Raven, 1985

Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 985, pp. 1-298 : 110-112

Aname warialda -complex

Figs 1 , 3F , 5F , 11 , 71–82

Remarks

See the key to complexes and Figures 3–5 for diagnostic information. In life, warialda -complex species range in colour from a light tan ‘coffee’ colour, to almost black. They tend to grow quite large, and their carapace has only inconspicuous setation, compared to the conspicuous reflective setation present in species of many of the other complexes present in eastern Australia ( Fig. 11 ; cf. Figs 6–10 ). They construct an open, silk-lined burrow with silk extending out from the entrance, with a short hidden ‘wishbone’ entrance with a thick, white sheath of silk near the top (see Fig. 11 , image of A. scutitheca sp. nov. burrow) although this is covered with soil and can only be seen when the burrow is excavated. The burrow entrance is often quite conspicuous, sometimes with a soil mound around the entrance, or with the entrance embedded in low vegetation ( Fig. 11 ).

Distribution

The warialda -complex occurs from the New South Wales north coast, in the New England Tablelands, Nandewar, and Brigalow Belt South bioregions, to as far north as the Einasleigh Uplands and Wet Tropics bioregions of northern Queensland. They are typically found inland of the Great Dividing Range ( Fig. 11 ).

Composition

The warialda -complex includes six described species: Aname bifaceta sp. nov., A. boreovillosa sp. nov., A. occivillosa sp. nov., A. scutitheca sp. nov., A. villosa ( Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918) , and A. warialda Raven, 1985 . Another potentially distinct species, A. sp. “maraboon”, is shown in the phylogeny ( Fig. 1 ) and on the map for this complex ( Fig. 11 ); however, because only a single specimen of this species is known, and it is morphologically so similar to A. bifaceta , further evidence is required to confirm that these species are distinct.

Key to species in the Aname warialda -complex

Note: males are unknown for A. boreovillosa sp. nov.

1. Male ................................................................................................................................................... 2

– Female ................................................................................................................................................ 6

Males

2. Embolus length <2 × bulb length; palp tibia asetose depression length <0.6 × palp tibia length ( Figs 74 , 78 )....................................................................................................................................... 3

– Embolus longer (> 2 × bulb length), asetose depression longer (> 0.6 × palp tibia length) ( Figs 71 , 76 , 81 )................................................................................................................................................ 4

3. Metatarsus I with a relatively sharp heel; embolus gradually curving ( Fig. 74 ) ................................. .......................................................................................................................... A. occivillosa sp. nov.

– Metatarsus I with a more rounded heel, embolus straighter ( Fig. 78 )................................................. .................................................................................................. A. villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918

4. Tibia I widening from the proximal end to the base of the tibial spur when in lateral view; palp tibia relatively spiny ( Fig. 76 ).................................................................................... A. scutitheca sp. nov.

– Tibia I staying about the same width from the proximal end to the base of the tibial spur when in lateral view; palp tibia less spiny....................................................................................................... 5

5. Palp tibia asetose depression length ~ 0.71 × palp tibia length; tibia I with a knuckle at the base of the tibial spur ( Fig. 81 ) ................................................................................ A. warialda Raven, 1985

– Palp tibia asetose depression shorter ~0.61 × palp tibia length; tibia I without a knuckle at the base of the tibial spur ( Fig. 71 )..................................................................................... A. bifaceta sp. nov.

Females

6. Spermathecae with a single vesicle (medial vesicle absent) ( Figs 72 , 77 , 82 ).................................. 7

– Spermathecae with medial vesicles present ( Figs 73 , 75 , 80 ) ........................................................... 9

7. Ventral abdomen with a rounded extension of the posterior genital plate covering the epigastric furrow ( Fig. 77 ) ................................................................................................. A. scutitheca sp. nov.

– Ventral abdomen without an unmodified epigastric furrow .............................................................. 8

8. Spermathecae vesicle length ~0.8 × genitalia width ( Fig. 82 ).................... A. warialda Raven, 1985

– Spermathecae with shorter vesicles (length ~ 0.5 × genitalia width) ( Fig. 72 )..... A. bifaceta sp. nov.

9. Spermathecae lateral vesicle length <2.5 × width, with round crowns ( Fig. 73 )................................ ....................................................................................................................... A. boreovillosa sp. nov.

– Spermathecae with more elongate lateral vesicles and less rounded crowns ( Figs 75 , 80 ) ............ 10

10. Spermathecae lateral vesicles with wide bases and asymmetrical crowns projecting laterally from the ends ( Fig. 75 ).............................................................................................. A. occivillosa sp. nov.

– Spermathecae lateral vesicles with narrower bases and more symmetrical, flattened crowns ( Figs 79– 80 )............................................................................................. A. villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918

Figures

Fig. 1. Phylogeny and general map of eastern Australian Aname L. Koch, 1873. Left: IQ-TREE Maximum Likelihood phylogeny for the genus Aname with species groups sensu Rix et al. (2021) highlighted in grey, species complexes as defined in this study highlighted in colour, and showing the phylogenetic position of many of the species described herein, as well as some potential species (those with nicknames in quotation marks) that may turn out to be distinct, but did not meet our standards for description. Species groups that are not represented in eastern Australia are collapsed. Support values on the phylogeny show the results of 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and are only shown in cases where support was below 90%. Top-right: a map of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, showing the locality of all Aname specimens included in this study. Bottom-right: a smaller phylogeny highlighting the higher-level relationships between species groups of Aname as recovered in this study.

Fig. 3. Example male morphologies for major species complexes in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula-complex. D. robertsorum- complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera-complex. Image sets show, from left to right: i= dorsal prosoma; ii =sternum; iii, iv =retrolateral tibia I; v, vi =retrolateral metatarsus I; vii, viii= retrolateral pedipalp; ix, x=copulatory organ.

Fig. 5. Example female morphologies for species complexes and miscellaneous species in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula- complex. D. robertsorum-complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera- complex. H. A. camara. I. A. consuelo sp. nov. J. A. olkola sp. nov. K. A. intermedia sp. nov. (pallida- complex). L. A. blackdownensissp. nov. (pallida-complex). M. A. serpentina sp. nov. Image setsA–G show, from left to right: i, ii =dorsal prosoma; iii, iv=sternum; v=prolateral leg I; vi, vii, viii=left spermatheca in dorsal view. Image sets H–M show a subset of these, except L, which shows the dorsal abdomen.

Fig. 11. Aname warialda-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 71. Aname bifaceta sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S49920). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 72. Aname bifaceta sp. nov., ♀ (QMB S118282). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view.B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 73. Aname boreovillosa sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QMB S118291). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 74. Aname occivillosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S96935). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 75. Aname occivillosa sp. nov., ♀ (QMB S118269). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsalview.C.Cephalothorax,ventralview.D.Abdomen,ventralview.E.Ocularregion.F.Fovea.G.Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 76. Aname scutitheca sp. nov., ♂ (QMB S722248). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). N. Left leg I, full prolateral view. P. Left tibia I, retrolateral view. Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm.

Fig. 77. Aname scutitheca sp. nov., holotype, ♀ (QMB S118327). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 78. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♂ (QMB S102922). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 79. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♀ syntype (AMS KS131260 [ex. AMS K40935]). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium.I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Right leg I, prolateral view (image reflected). K. Right leg I, retrolateral view (image reflected). L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J = 2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 80. Aname villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, ♀ (QMB S118302). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 81. Aname warialda Raven, 1985, holotype, ♂ (QMB S1291). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 82. Aname warialda Raven, 1985, ♀ (QMB S118220). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 6. Aname pallida-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 7. Aname eddieorum-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 8. Aname barakula-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 9. Aname robertsorum-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 10. Aname barrema-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.