Aname robertsorum, Raven, 1985

Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 985, pp. 1-298 : 85-86

Aname robertsorum -complex

Figs 1 , 3D , 5D , 9 , 56–63

Remarks

See the key to complexes and Figures 3–5 for diagnostic information. In life, spiders of the robertsorum - complex have a dark carapace and chelicerae, a brown abdomen, and bicoloured legs, with dark femora and light orange distal segments and coxae ( Fig. 9 ). Females of the robertsorum -complex generally have reflective bronze setae on the carapace and dorsal abdomen and may also have slight banding on the dorsal abdomen ( Fig. 9 ). Male colour and setation in life is unknown. Spiders of this complex generally make an open, silk-lined burrow without silk outside of the entrance, with the entrance often on an angle, and with a hidden secondary ‘wishbone’ entrance. The burrows are sometimes found in areas with a leaf-litter layer, and indeed the entrance may be somewhat embedded in the leaf-litter ( Fig. 9 ).

Distribution

The robertsorum -complex is currently known only from north Queensland, in the Einasleigh Uplands and Wet Tropics bioregions. Species tend to have quite small natural ranges.

Composition

The robertsorum -complex includes six described species: Aname calida sp. nov., A. carina Raven, 1985 , A. cassowariensis sp. nov., A. harmoniosa sp. nov., A. robertsorum Raven, 1985 , and A. tropicana sp. nov.. Juveniles of another putative species, here called Aname sp. “ravenshoe” are included in our phylogeny ( Fig. 1 ), and the map for this complex ( Fig. 9 ) but the species cannot be described due to the lack of adult specimens.

Key to species in the Aname robertsorum -complex

Note: females are unknown for A. calida sp. nov., A. cassowariensis sp. nov., A. harmoniosa sp. nov., and A. robertsorum .

1. Male ................................................................................................................................................... 2

– Female................................................................................................................................................ 7

Males

2. Embolus length>2 × bulb length ( Figs 57 , 60–61 ) .......................................................................... 3

– Embolus shorter ( Figs 56 , 59 , 62 ) ..................................................................................................... 5

3. Tibia I distance from proximal end to spur ~ 0.7 × tibia I length ( Fig. 57 ) ..... A. carina Raven, 1985

– Tibial spur closer to proximal end of tibia I (distance from proximal end to spur <0.6 × tibia I length) ................................................................................................................................................ 4

4. Metatarsus I excavation length ~ 0.55 × metatarsus I length; embolus more sinuous ( Fig. 60 ) .......................................................................................................... A. harmoniosa sp. nov.

– Metatarsus I with a shorter proximal excavation (~0.44 × metatarsus I length) and embolus straighter ( Fig. 61 ) ................................................................................................ A. robertsorum Raven, 1985

5. Metatarsus I length <4 × width ( Fig. 62 ) ........................................................... A. tropicana sp. nov.

– Metatarsus I thinner ........................................................................................................................... 6

6. Palp tibia length ~2.6 × width ( Fig. 56 ) .................................................................. A. calida sp. nov.

– Palp tibia less elongate (length ~2.3 × width) ( Fig. 59 )............................ A. cassowariensis sp. nov.

Females

7. Spermathecae medial vesicle length about equal to lateral vesicle length ( Fig. 58 ) ........................... ......................................................................................................................... A. carina Raven, 1985

– Spermathecae with shorter medial vesicles (~0.7 × lateral vesicle length) ( Fig. 63 ) ......................... ............................................................................................................................ A. tropicana sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 1. Phylogeny and general map of eastern Australian Aname L. Koch, 1873. Left: IQ-TREE Maximum Likelihood phylogeny for the genus Aname with species groups sensu Rix et al. (2021) highlighted in grey, species complexes as defined in this study highlighted in colour, and showing the phylogenetic position of many of the species described herein, as well as some potential species (those with nicknames in quotation marks) that may turn out to be distinct, but did not meet our standards for description. Species groups that are not represented in eastern Australia are collapsed. Support values on the phylogeny show the results of 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and are only shown in cases where support was below 90%. Top-right: a map of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, showing the locality of all Aname specimens included in this study. Bottom-right: a smaller phylogeny highlighting the higher-level relationships between species groups of Aname as recovered in this study.

Fig. 3. Example male morphologies for major species complexes in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula-complex. D. robertsorum- complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera-complex. Image sets show, from left to right: i= dorsal prosoma; ii =sternum; iii, iv =retrolateral tibia I; v, vi =retrolateral metatarsus I; vii, viii= retrolateral pedipalp; ix, x=copulatory organ.

Fig. 5. Example female morphologies for species complexes and miscellaneous species in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula- complex. D. robertsorum-complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera- complex. H. A. camara. I. A. consuelo sp. nov. J. A. olkola sp. nov. K. A. intermedia sp. nov. (pallida- complex). L. A. blackdownensissp. nov. (pallida-complex). M. A. serpentina sp. nov. Image setsA–G show, from left to right: i, ii =dorsal prosoma; iii, iv=sternum; v=prolateral leg I; vi, vii, viii=left spermatheca in dorsal view. Image sets H–M show a subset of these, except L, which shows the dorsal abdomen.

Fig. 9. Aname robertsorum-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 56. Aname calida sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S95243). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 57. Aname carina Raven, 1985, ♂ (QMB S95241). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Right leg I (images reflected), full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 58. Aname carina Raven, 1985, holotype, ♀ (QMB S1253). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 59. Aname cassowariensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S63052). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 60. Aname harmoniosa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S40518). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 61. Aname robertsorum Raven, 1985, holotype, ♂ (QMB S1287). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 62. Aname tropicana sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S59009). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 63. Aname tropicana sp. nov., ♀ (QMB S118310).A. Cephalothorax, dorsalview.B.Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L= 1 mm.