Aname ferruginea, Wilson & Harvey & Simmons & Rix, 2025

Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 985, pp. 1-298 : 34-37

Aname ferruginea sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:61F2E144-1E56-4124-A2D0-EF0A7F6CA018

Figs 1 , 6 , 25–26

Aname pallida L. Koch, 1873 – Raven 1981: figs 8–10, 14, 44–47, 49 (illustrated male QMB S696 [Rockhampton], females QMB S697 [Biloela], QMB S703 [Monto], and females from fig. 46 [Gin Gin], fig. 47 [Banana], fig. 49 [Gladstone], here identified as A. ferruginea sp. nov.).

Diagnosis

Males of A. ferruginea sp. nov. can be distinguished from all species for which males are known except A. attenuata , A. blackdownensis , A. convoluta sp. nov., A. giraulti , A. intermedia sp. nov., A. pallida , and A. vigilata sp. nov. by a moderate to large body size (carapace length> 4.0 mm), and the presence of a long embolus (embolus length / bulb length>1.5), a proximal excavation less than or equal to half the length of metatarsus I, and a prominent and sharp heel on metatarsus I ( Fig. 25Q ). Males of A. ferruginea can be distinguished from those of A. attenuata , A. blackdownensis , A. convoluta , A. intermedia , and A. vigilata by the presence of a reflexed embolus with a small hook at the tip, and the absence of short, thorn-like setae along the retrolateral edge of the asetose depression on the palp tibia ( Fig. 25K–M ; cf. Figs 18 , 21 , 23 , 29 , 33 ). Males of A. ferruginea can be distinguished from those of A. giraulti and A. pallida by the presence of a shorter and less reflexed embolus (embolus length /bulb length ~ 2), and a longer, more digitiform tibial spur ( Fig. 25J–Q ; cf. Figs 15 , 27 ).

Females of A. ferruginea sp. nov. can be distinguished from all species for which females are known except A. giraulti and A. pallida by the presence of spermathecae with two vesicles, with relatively long and straight lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length /genitalia width>0.25) that curve medially at their ends, and very short, straight medial vesicles (medial vesicle length/ lateral vesicle length <0.5) ( Fig. 26D, L ). Females of A. ferruginea can be distinguished from those of A. giraulti and A. pallida by the presence of spermathecae with shorter, wider lateral vesicles (lateral vesicle length /width <1.5) ( Fig. 26L ; cf. Figs 16 , 28 ).

Etymology

The specific epithet ‘ ferruginea ’ is a Latin adjective meaning ‘rusty’, or ‘of the colour of iron-rust’, in reference to the general dark red-brown hue of the spider and the reflective bronze setae on its carapace.

Type material

Holotype

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • ♂; Rockhampton ; 23°22′ S, 150°31′ E; 4 Dec. 1993; D. Wallace leg.; QMB S48106.

Paratypes

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♂; Mount Chalmers ; 23°19′ S, 150°34′ E; 16 Mar. 1993; C. Hollins and D. Wallace leg.; pitfall trap; QMB S22176 • 1 ♂; Mount Chalmers; 23°19′ S, 150°34′ E; 20 Apr.–23 Oct. 1990; D. Wallace, R.J. Raven and K. Williams leg.; pitfall trap, open forest; QMB S60862 • 1 ♂; Rockhampton ; 23°22′ S, 150°31′ E; Jan. 1971; QMB S9410 • 1 ♂; Rockhampton ; 23°22′ S, 150°32′ E; 15 Aug. 1960; W. Sields leg.; QMB S696 • 1 ♂; Rockhampton ; 23°23′ S, 150°30′ E; 5 Mar. 1983; D. Wallace leg.; QMB S10041 .

Other material examined

AUSTRALIA – Queensland • 1 ♂; Sarina ; 21°26′ S, 149°07′ E; Feb. 1985; QMB S9406 • 1 ♂; 7 km NNE of Mount Bluffkin , on highway; 22°36′ S, 149°14′ E; 160 m a.s.l.; 22 Oct.–19 Dec. 2000; D.J. Cook and G.B. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, brigalow; QMB S57771 • 1 ♂; 7 km NNE of Mount Bluffkin , on highway; 22°36′ S, 149°14′ E; 160 m a.s.l.; 19 Dec. 2000 – 25 Mar. 2001; D.J. Cook and G.B. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, brigalow; QMB S63034 • 1 ♂; Tieri ; 23°02′ S, 148°20′ E; 19 Nov. 1986; P.G. Allsopp leg.; QMB S96565 • 1 ♂; Yeppoon ; 23°08′ S, 150°39′ E; 19 Jan. 1981; R. Wicks leg.; QMB S96504 • 1 ♂; 9 km north NE of Mount Salmon , on road; 23°11′ S, 150°07′ E; 60 m a.s.l.; 16 Dec. 1999 – 22 Mar. 2000; G.B. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, vine scrub; QMB S57794 • 1 ♂; Boomer Range [ Goodedulla National Park ]; 23°12′ S, 149°45′ E; 180 m a.s.l.; 28–30 Sep. 1999; S. Evans and C. Burwell leg.; open forest; QMB S52185 • 1 ♂; Cawarral ; 23°15′ S, 150°38′ E; 18 Jul. 1963; H.M. Tooker leg.; QMB S9417 • 1 ♂; Yeppoon Road ; 23°15′ S, 150°22′ E; Aug. 1993; R. Hehoe leg.; QMB S48102 • 1 ♂; Rockhampton, intersection of Bond Road and Lion Mountain Road ; 23°16′ S, 150°24′ E; 1 Jan. 1993; C. Buckley leg.; QMB S48100 • 1 ♀; Alton Downs, NW of Rockhampton, 299 Laurel Bank Road ; 23°18′ S, 149°37′ E; 10 Jun. 2020; J. Arthur leg.; QMB S124052 • 1 ♂; Bondoola ; 23°27′ S, 150°46′ E; 25 Oct. 1992; D. Wallace leg.; QMB S87755 • 1 ♂; Gladstone ; 23°52′ S, 151°06′ E; 20 Jan. 1988; pest control service leg.; QMB S3535 • 2 ♂♂; Gladstone, Beecher foothills near Burua ; 23°55′ S, 151°12′ E; Mar. 2017; R. Sweeney leg.; hand collected, found in swimming pool; QMB S32292 • 1 ♂; Wurdong Heights ; 23°58′ S, 151°15′ E; 25 Oct. 2004; R.J. Raven leg.; QMB S73749 • 1 ♂; Agnes Waters ; 24°13′ S, 151°52′ E; 21 Oct. 1999; G. Gibson leg.; QMB S53971 • 1 ♂; Rocky Point ; 24°14′ S, 151°56′ E; 60 m a.s.l.; 1 Apr.–4 Sep. 1977; G.B. Monteith and S.R. Monteith leg.; pitfall trap, rainforest; QMB S702 • 1 ♀; Biloela, on Dawson Highway, near Callide Timber Reserve ; 24°14′ S, 150°35′ E; 349 m a.s.l.; 22 Apr. 2023; J.D. Wilson and M.G. Rix leg.; excavated, open burrow on ground; QMB S118301 • 1 ♂; Biloela ; 24°23′ S, 150°29′ E; 12 Dec. 1992; A. McColl leg.; QMB S21042 • 1 ♂; Biloela ; 24°23′ S, 150°29′ E; 14 Oct. 1987; Department of Primary Industries leg.; hand collected, inside house; QMB S3170 • 1 ♂; Calliope ; 24°24′ S, 150°05′ E; Jan. 1993; S. McLaughlin leg.; QMB S20906 • 1 ♂; Lowmead ; 24°25′ S, 150°35′ E; 7 Dec. 1990; M. Henson leg.; QMB S100540 • 1 ♀; Bulburin National Park , off Granite Creek Road ; 24°38′ S, 150°36′ E; 128 m a.s.l.; 8 Nov. 2020; M.G. Rix, C. Burwell and C. Lambkin leg.; excavated, open forest; QMB S124081 • 1 ♂; Gin Gin ; 24°59′ S, 151°55′ E; 18 Sep. 1998; C. Barnes leg.; QMB S42522 • 1 ♀; Malangool, near Gin Gin ; 25°00′ S, 151°57′ E; 18 Jul. 1934; P. Gaden leg.; AMS KS12468 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 juvs; Malangool, near Gin Gin ; 25°00′ S, 151°57′ E; E.L.G. Troughton leg.; AMS KS12478 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gin Gin, Mooloolaman Rd ; 25°01′ S, 151°50′ E; 10 Nov. 1998; R. Sellinger leg.; QMB S42722 .

Description

Male (holotype, QMB S48106)

GENERAL ( Fig. 25A–Q ). Body length 24.43, in good condition, colour presumably faded due to preservation.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 25A, E–F ). Carapace length 8.96, width 7.13, length/width 1.26, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.69, caput width/carapace width 0.64, carapace red-brown, reflective setae present, heavy on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.13 ( Fig. 25A, F ); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.50 ( Fig. 25A ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.91, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 25E ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 25B, D ). Abdomen length 10.07, light grey, dorsal pattern absent, with reflective setae on anterior portion.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 25C, G–I ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 25H ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 110, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 25% of maxillae length ( Fig. 25C, I ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 25C, I ); sternum length/width 1.18, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges ( Fig. 25G–H ); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/ sternum length 0.23, posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.15 ( Fig. 25G–H ); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 25G–H ).

LEG I ( Fig. 25N–Q ). Leg I red-brown, lighter on distal metatarsus and tarsus, femur length 7.25, patella length 4.64, tibia length 5.13, metatarsus length 4.83, tarsus length 3.10, total length 24.95, leg I length/ carapace length 2.78 ( Fig. 25N–O ); scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus ( Fig. 25N–O ); spine count Fe D 1, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 0, Ti RL 0, Me PL 0, Me RL 0, Ta 0 ( Fig. 25N–O ); tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.37, even width along length, spur present, digitiform, knuckle absent, megaspine angled at 25 degrees, length to distal face of spur/tibia length [TIS/TIL] 0.46, spur height/tibia width [TISH/TID] 0.70, megaspine length/tibia length 0.23 ( Fig. 25N–P ); metatarsus slightly sinuous, proximal excavation present, excavation concave with pronounced heel, heel sharp, excavation length/metatarsus length [MIPEL/MIL] 0.44, metatarsus length/width [MIL/MID] 3.80 ( Fig. 25N–O, Q ).

PEDIPALP ( Fig. 25J–M ). Tibia length 3.68, width 1.34, length/width [PTL/PTD] 2.75, asetose depression present, depression length/palp tibia length [PDL/PTL] 0.59, retrolateral face with consistent covering of light setae, ventral face with two elongate bristle-like setae below depression, prolateral face with two disto-ventral spines, disto-medial spine absent ( Fig. 25J–K ); patella prolateral face with 2 spines ( Fig. 25J–K ); cymbium with scopulae present distally ( Fig. 25J–K ); copulatory organ total length 2.05, length/palp tibia length 0.56 ( Fig. 25L–M ); bulb length/width 0.93 ( Fig. 25L–M ); embolus reflexed, attenuate, tapering and curving relatively evenly to point, one slight bend, at about 0.1 of length, small hook on tip, width at base/bulb width 0.27, embolus length/bulb length 2.10 ( Fig. 25L–M ).

Female (QMB S118301)

GENERAL ( Fig. 26A–L ). Body length 26.48, in good condition.

DORSAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 26A, E–F ). Carapace length 8.40, width 7.19, length/width 1.17, clypeus to fovea length/carapace length 0.70, caput width/carapace width 0.73, carapace red-brown, caput slightly darker than thorax, reflective setae present, moderate on caput, moderate on thorax, fovea procurved, fovea width/carapace length 0.16 ( Fig. 26A, F ); chelicerae dark red-brown, rastellum absent or inconspicuous, chelicerae length/carapace length 0.60 ( Fig. 26A ); eye group rectangular, width/length 1.98, eye tubercle present ( Fig. 26E ).

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 26B, D ). Abdomen length 12.69, purple-brown, dorsal pattern absent, with consistent cover of short setae.

VENTRAL PROSOMA ( Fig. 26C, G–I ). Labium cuspules absent ( Fig. 26H ); maxillae heel distinct, cuspules present, count =about 107, extending posteriorly onto heel, extending laterally about 35% of maxillae length ( Fig. 26C, I ); coxae cuspules absent, thorn-like setae on prolateral face present ( Fig. 26C, I ); sternum length/width 1.24, central sternum with consistent covering of short setae, row of longer setae around posterior edges, some shorter thorn-like setae around anterior edges ( Fig. 26G–H ); posterior sigilla ovoid, central sternum to posterior sigilla length/sternum length 0.19, posterior sigilla length/ sternum length 0.16 ( Fig. 26G–H ); other sigilla small, round and lateral ( Fig. 26G–H ).

LEG I ( Fig. 26J–K ). Leg I red-brown, femur length 5.11, patella length 3.02, tibia length 3.68, metatarsus length 3.34, tarsus length 2.13, total length 17.27, leg I length/carapace length 2.06; scopulae on distal metatarsus and tarsus; spine count Fe D 0, Fe PL 1, Pa PL 2, Ti PL 2, Ti RL 4 (weak), Me PL 3, Me RL 2, Ta 0; tibia length/width [TIL/TID] 3.30.

GENITALIA ( Fig. 26D, L ). Epigastric furrow extending slightly, posterior edge with rounded shape ( Fig. 26D ); spermathecae with two vesicles each ( Fig. 26L ); lateral vesicle relatively straight with ends curving medially, length 0.70, lateral vesicle length/genitalia width 0.30, length/width at base 1.33, crown un-demarcated ( Fig. 26L ); medial vesicle short, relatively straight and projecting ventrally, medial vesicle length/genitalia width 0.12, length/width 1.42, medial vesicle length/lateral vesicle length 0.41 ( Fig. 26L ).

Distribution and natural history

Aname ferruginea sp. nov. occurs in central-eastern Queensland, in the Southeast Queensland, Brigalow Belt South and Brigalow Belt North bioregions, extending from around Bundaberg in the south to Sarina in the north, and west to around Banana ( Fig. 6 ). It constructs an open, silk-lined burrow without silk outside of the entrance, often on an angle, and with a hidden secondary ‘wishbone’ entrance ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Phylogeny and general map of eastern Australian Aname L. Koch, 1873. Left: IQ-TREE Maximum Likelihood phylogeny for the genus Aname with species groups sensu Rix et al. (2021) highlighted in grey, species complexes as defined in this study highlighted in colour, and showing the phylogenetic position of many of the species described herein, as well as some potential species (those with nicknames in quotation marks) that may turn out to be distinct, but did not meet our standards for description. Species groups that are not represented in eastern Australia are collapsed. Support values on the phylogeny show the results of 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates, and are only shown in cases where support was below 90%. Top-right: a map of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, showing the locality of all Aname specimens included in this study. Bottom-right: a smaller phylogeny highlighting the higher-level relationships between species groups of Aname as recovered in this study.

Fig. 6. Aname pallida-complex species habitus images, distribution map, and burrow architecture. Points on the map represented by a star are type localities. Note that intraspecific variation occurs in both physical appearance and burrow architecture, and images shown here should be treated only as examples, not used for species diagnosis.

Fig. 25. Aname ferruginea sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S48106). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Right leg I (images reflected), full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 26. Aname ferruginea sp. nov., ♀ (QMB S118301). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 18. Aname attenuata (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918), ♂ (QMB S58407). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Aname blackdownensis Raven, 1985, ♂ (QMB S118292). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 23. Aname convoluta sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S57732). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 29. Aname intermedia sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S22502). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Left bulb (images reflected), prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 33. Aname vigilata sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (QMB S20019). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L= 1 mm.

Fig. 15. Aname pallida L. Koch, 1873, ♂ (QMB S86817). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M).N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 27. Aname giraulti Rainbow, 1914, ♂ (QMB S1259). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view. J–K. Left pedipalp, full prolateral view (J), partial retrolateral view (K). L–M. Right bulb, prolateral view (L), dorsal view (M). N–Q. Left leg I, full prolateral view (N), full retrolateral view (O), retrolateral view of tibia (P), retrolateral view of metatarsus (Q). Scale bars: A–B, J, N =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 16. Aname pallida L. Koch, 1873, ♀ (QMB S118205). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.

Fig. 28. Aname giraulti Rainbow, 1914, ♀ (QMB S118344). A. Cephalothorax, dorsal view. B. Abdomen, dorsal view. C. Cephalothorax, ventral view. D. Abdomen, ventral view. E. Ocular region. F. Fovea. G. Sternal sigilla, left view. H. Sternum and labium. I. Maxilla and coxae I–II, left view.J. Left leg I, prolateral view. K. Left leg I, retrolateral view. L. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, J =2 mm; L=1 mm.