Aname L. Koch, 1873

Wilson, Jeremy D., Harvey, Mark S., Simmons, Leigh W. & Rix, Michael G., 2025, An integrative systematic revision of the wishbone spiders (Araneae: Anamidae: Aname L. Koch, 1873) of subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, with the description of 55 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 985, pp. 1-298 : 11-18

Genus Aname L. Koch, 1873

Aname L. Koch, 1873: 465 .

Dekana Hogg, 1902: 138 (synonymised by Raven 1981: 328).

Dolichosternum Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 168 (synonymised by Raven 1981: 328).

Sungenia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 162 (synonymised by Raven 1981: 328).

Type species

Aname : Aname pallida L. Koch, 1873 , by monotypy.

Dekana : Dekana diversicolor Hogg, 1902 , by original designation.

Dolichosternum : Dolichosternum attenuatum Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 , by monotypy.

Sungenia : Chenistonia atra Strand, 1913 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis

Modified from Harvey et al. (2018): species of Aname can be diagnosed from all other Australian anamid genera by the presence of a ventral asetose depression on the palp tibia of males (see Fig. 2I and Figs 3–4 for further examples). They can be further distinguished from Chenistonia Hogg, 1901 , Proshermacha Simon, 1908 , Teyloides Main, 1985 , Teyl Main, 1975 , and Namea Raven, 1984 (all members of the subfamily Teylinae ) by the presence of a short cymbium without a medial constriction, and further from Namea and Teyl by the presence of a tibial megaspur. Both adult males and females can further be distinguished from Chenistonia , Proshermacha , Teyloides , Teyl , and Namea by the presence of a relatively broad (extending laterally and anteriorly) patch of cuspules on the maxillae.

Description

See Harvey et al. (2018).

Key to the species complexes of Aname from tropical and subtropical eastern Australia, including miscellaneous species

Note that the keys in this paper use Boolean operators, with character states separated by a comma and linked by an “or” operator denoting states that may or may not apply (and only one must apply for the requirements of the statement to be met). Semi-colons separate implicit relevant states and should be treated as “and” operators in a Boolean context (with any exceptions noted in brackets).

1. Males.................................................................................................................................................. 2

– Females ............................................................................................................................................ 27

Male morphology

2. Embolus length>1.5 × bulb length (e.g., Figs 3A–D, E [x], F; 4D, F–H, L–M, Q–R)....................... 3

– Embolus shorter (e.g., Figs 3E [ix], G; 4A–C, E, I–K, N–P).............................................................. 16

3. Carapace length <4.0 mm; embolus long, straight, and reflexed relative to the bulb (e.g., Fig. 4D ). .......................................................................................................................... flexicaudula -complex

– Carapace longer ................................................................................................................................. 4

4. Copulatory organ with a highly reflexed and broad corkscrew-shaped embolus ( Fig. 4Q ) ................ .......................................................................................................................... A. serpentina sp. nov.

– Copulatory organ otherwise............................................................................................................... 5

5. Palp tibia with a small, tight patch of thorn-like setae on retrolateral side of asetose depression; metatarsus I proximal excavation length ~0.6 × metatarsus I length, with a sharp heel ( Fig. 4J )...... ....................................................................................................................... A. camara Raven, 1985

– Palp tibia without tight patch of thorn-like setae; metatarsus I with a shorter proximal excavation, or a more rounded heel........................................................................................................................... 6

6. Metatarsus I proximal excavation length <0.5 × metatarsus I length, with a prominent and sharp heel, and a relatively straight distal pad (e.g., Fig. 3A )....................................................................... .................................................................................... pallida -complex (except A. platensis sp. nov.)

– Metatarsus I otherwise....................................................................................................................... 7

7. Embolus with a relatively wide basal section that tapers to a curvy and sinuous distal section after about 0.4–0.5 of length (e.g., Fig. 3B )................................................................. eddieorum -complex

– Embolus otherwise............................................................................................................................. 8

8. Embolus thin, with a sharp bend at about 0.2–0.4 of length, before a relatively straight distal section (e.g., Fig. 3D ).................................................................................................... robertsorum -complex

– Embolus otherwise............................................................................................................................. 9

9. Tibial megaspine length <0.2 × tibia I length, usually angled almost parallel with tibia; prolateral patellae of pedipalp and leg I with three or more spines (or spine ‘sockets’ if spines have been lost); sternum length <1.2 × width, covered in short setae (e.g., Fig. 3F )....................... warialda -complex

– Tibial megaspine longer, or prolateral patellae of pedipalp and leg I and pedipalp with two spines or less, or sternum narrower................................................................................................................. 10

10. Palp tibia asetose depression length ~ 0.8 × palp tibia length; embolus length>2.5 × bulb length ( Fig. 4G, M )......................................................................................................................................11

– Asetose depression or embolus shorter............................................................................................ 12

11. Embolus length ~4.6 × bulb length ( Fig. 4G ) ....................................................... A. distorta sp. nov.

– Embolus shorter (~2.8 × bulb length) ( Fig. 4K ) ................................................. A. consuelo sp. nov.

12. Metatarsus I proximal excavation>0.5 × metatarsus I length; copulatory organ with bulb tapering into the embolus, a strong curve at about 0.6 of length, and a small hook at the tip ( Fig. 4R )............................................................................................................. A. viridiensis sp. nov.

– Proximal excavation shorter; copulatory organ otherwise .............................................................. 13

13. Copulatory organ with the bulb tapering into the embolus, the embolus thicker at the base before tapering and curving sharply at about 0.6 of its length ( Fig. 3E )............... barrema -complex, in part

– Copulatory organ otherwise............................................................................................................. 14

14. Metatarsus I length ~ 3.5 × width ( Fig. 4F ) ........................... A. platensis sp. nov. ( pallida -complex)

– Metatarsus I thinner (length> 3.9 × width) ..................................................................................... 15

15. Sternum length>1.25 × width; tibial spur triangular (e.g., Fig. 3C ) .................... barakula -complex

– Sternum broader; tibial spur more digitiform ( Fig. 4H ) .................................. A. lawrenceae sp. nov.

16. Carapace length <4.0 mm ............................................................................................................... 17

– Carapace longer ............................................................................................................................... 19

17. Copulatory organ with bulb tapering into embolus, embolus with thick base; palp tibia with thorn-like setae along retrolateral edge of asetose depression, getting denser proximally ( Fig. 4M )................................................................................................................ A. litoralis sp. nov.

– Copulatory organ with more demarcated bulb and embolus; palp tibia without thorn-like setae (e.g., Fig. 4C, E )........................................................................................................................................ 18

18. Embolus with sharp tip; metatarsus I length> 4 × width (e.g., Fig. 4C )................. mariala -complex

– Embolus with wider tip; metatarsus I thicker (e.g., Fig. 4E )............................... savannella -complex

19. Embolus thick and relatively straight, with a slight angle change at the tip; tibial spur triangular (e.g., Fig. 3G )..................................................... rubrochelicera -complex (except A. savannensis sp. nov.)

– Copulatory organ otherwise, or tibia I with a more digitiform spur................................................ 20

20. Copulatory organ with an angular bulb with a slight ridge adjacent to the embolus (e.g., Fig. 4A )............................................................................................................. callitra -complex

– Copulatory organ otherwise............................................................................................................. 21

21. Tibial spur digitiform (e.g., Fig. 4I, N–O )....................................................................................... 22

– Tibial spur more triangular (e.g., Fig. 4B )....................................................................................... 24

22. Tibial megaspine> 0.3 × tibia I length; embolus straight, with slight bend near tip ( Fig. 4O ) ............................................................................................................. A. ethabuka sp. nov.

– Tibial megaspine shorter; embolus more strongly curved ( Fig. 4I, N )............................................ 23

23. Metatarsus I proximal excavation ~0.4 × metatarsus I length, with a rounded heel and a long, straight distal pad; copulatory organ with a slightly angular bulb and the embolus protruding roughly perpendicular to the bulb (not reflexed) ( Fig. 4I ) ................................................................................ ............................................................................. A. savannensis sp. nov. ( rubrochelicera -complex)

– Metatarsus I with a longer proximal excavation; copulatory organ with a more rounded bulb and a shorter embolus that is more reflexed relative to the bulb ( Fig. 4N )....................... A. olkola sp. nov.

24. Copulatory organ with the bulb tapering into the embolus, the embolus thicker at the base before tapering and curving sharply at about 0.6 of its length ( Fig. 3E , left bulb)......................................... ....................................................................................... A. inimica Raven, 1985 ( barrema -complex)

– Copulatory organ otherwise............................................................................................................. 25

25. Embolus wide and flattened, thinning just before tip ( Fig. 4L )............................. A. insolita sp. nov.

– Embolus more attenuate .................................................................................................................. 26

26. Embolus curving gradually; metatarsus I length>4 × width (e.g., Fig. 4B )....... aurantella -complex

– Embolus curving strongly near base; metatarsus I thicker ( Fig. 4P ) ....................... A. namoi sp. nov.

Female morphology

27. Spermathecae with a relatively elongate, undulating vesicle (lateral vesicle length>2 × width), and medial vesicle absent or tightly undulating (e.g., Fig. 5F ) ..................................... warialda -complex

– Spermathecae always with two vesicles, and lateral vesicle straighter (e.g., Fig. 5A, C, G ).......... 28

28. Spermathecae lateral vesicle length <0.25 × genitalia width; lateral vesicle length <0.55 × width (e.g., Fig. 5G )................................................................................................ rubrochelicera -complex

– Lateral vesicles more elongate (length>0.25 × genitalia width) (e.g., Fig. 5A–C )........................ 29

29. Spermathecae lateral vesicle length>13 × width; medial vesicle length>10 × width ( Fig. 5M )..... .......................................................................................................................... A. serpentina sp. nov.

– Spermathecae vesicles less elongate (length <10 × width) (e.g., Fig. 5A–B, F ) ............................ 30

30. Spermathecae with two vesicles, lateral vesicle length>1.5 × width, medial vesicle shorter than lateral vesicle; sternum length> 1.35 × width (e.g., Fig. 5C )................................ barakula -complex

– Spermathecae otherwise, or sternum broader.................................................................................. 31

31. Spermathecae lateral vesicles bulbous, widening from base towards tip, and medial vesicles short, straight, and separated from the lateral vesicles ( Fig. 5J )........................................ A. olkola sp. nov.

– Spermathecae otherwise .................................................................................................................. 32

32. Spermathecae with medial vesicles <0.5 × lateral vesicle length (e.g., Fig. 5A [vi], E [vi, vii], I) ......... 33

– Medial vesicles longer relative to lateral vesicles (e.g., Fig. 5A [vii, viii], B–D].................................. 35

33. Spermathecae lateral vesicle length ~ 5.9 × width ( Fig. 5I ) ................................ A. consuelo sp. nov.

– Spermathecae with less elongate lateral vesicles (length <3.5 × width) (e.g., Fig. 5A [vi], E [vii, viii] .. 34

34. Spermathecae with lateral vesicles that curve medially just before their tips ( Fig. 5A [vi]) ..................................................................................................... pallida -complex, in part

– Spermathecae with lateral vesicles that don’t curve medially just before tips ( Fig. 5E [vi, vii])....................................................... barrema -complex (except A. inimica Raven, 1985 )

35. Spermathecae lateral vesicle length ~ 1 × width; medial vesicle length ~2.6 × lateral vesicle length ( Figs 5K ).......................................................................................... A. intermedia ( pallida -complex)

– Spermathecae otherwise .................................................................................................................. 36

36. Anterior legs bicoloured, with darker femurs and lighter distal segments; spermathecae lateral vesicle length>0.25 × genitalia width and angled laterally, medial vesicles curving gradually from a medial to a lateral angle (e.g., Fig. 5D ) ......................................................... robertsorum -complex

– Legs and/or spermathecae otherwise ............................................................................................... 37

37. Posterior abdomen covered in erect, bristle-like setae ( Fig. 5L )......................................................... ................................................................................... A. blackdownensis sp. nov. ( pallida -complex)

– Posterior abdomen not covered in erect, bristle-like setae .............................................................. 38

38. Spermathecae lateral and medial vesicle length ~0.3 × genitalia width, and laterally angled ( Fig. 5E [viii]) ......................................................................................... A. inimica ( barrema -complex)

– Spermathecae otherwise .................................................................................................................. 39

39. Spermathecae medial vesicle length ≥ 1.0× lateral vesicle length, projecting at an antero-medial angle and undulating (e.g., Fig. 5A [vii, viii])..................................................... pallida -complex, in part

– Medial vesicle with basal section projecting more medially or postero-medially, before undulating anteriorly ( Fig. 5B, H ) ..................................................................................................................... 40

40. Spermathecae medial vesicle length ~0.30 × genitalia width; distance between lateral and medial vesicle crowns roughly equal to the length of the lateral vesicles; body colouration light tan ( Fig. 5H ) ........................................................................................................ A. camara Raven, 1985

– Spermathecae medial vesicle length ~ 0.35 × genitalia width; crowns closer together; body colouration darker (e.g., Fig. 5B ) ............................................................................................ eddieorum -complex

Figures

Fig. 2. Standard measurements and referenced morphological structures used in this revision (see Table 1). A. Dorsal prosoma (measurements taken on males/females). B. Sternum (males/ females). C. Retrolateral pedipalp (males). D. Copulatory organ (males). E. Dorsal abdomen (males/ females). F. Retrolateral leg I (15–18 males/females;19, 21–23 males). G. Dorsal view of spermatheca (females). H. Retrolateral leg I (males). I. Retrolateral pedipalp of male. J. Ventral abdomen (males/ females). K. Ventral view of left maxilla and coxae I–II (males/females).

Fig. 3. Example male morphologies for major species complexes in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula-complex. D. robertsorum- complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera-complex. Image sets show, from left to right: i= dorsal prosoma; ii =sternum; iii, iv =retrolateral tibia I; v, vi =retrolateral metatarsus I; vii, viii= retrolateral pedipalp; ix, x=copulatory organ.

Fig. 4. Example male morphologies for minor species complexes and miscellaneous species in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. callitra-complex. B. aurantella-complex. C. mariala- complex. D. flexicaudula-complex. E. savannella-complex. F. A. platensis sp. nov. (pallida- complex). G. A. distorta sp. nov. H. A. lawrenceae sp. nov. I. A. savannensis sp. nov. (rubrochelicera- complex). J. A. camara sp. nov. K. A. consuelo sp. nov. L. A. insolita sp. nov. M. A. litoralis sp. nov. N. A. olkola sp. nov. O. A. ethabuka sp. nov. P. A. namoi sp. nov. Q. A. serpentina sp. nov. R. A. viridiensis sp. nov. Image sets A–E show, from left to right: carapace, retrolateral tibia I, retrolateral metatarsus I, retrolateral pedipalp, copulatory organ. Image sets F–R show a subset of these.

Fig. 5. Example female morphologies for species complexes and miscellaneous species in subtropical and tropical eastern Australia, to be used in conjunction with the diagnostic key to species complexes and miscellaneous species. A. pallida-complex. B. eddieorum-complex. C. barakula- complex. D. robertsorum-complex. E. barrema-complex. F. warialda-complex. G. rubrochelicera- complex. H. A. camara. I. A. consuelo sp. nov. J. A. olkola sp. nov. K. A. intermedia sp. nov. (pallida- complex). L. A. blackdownensissp. nov. (pallida-complex). M. A. serpentina sp. nov. Image setsA–G show, from left to right: i, ii =dorsal prosoma; iii, iv=sternum; v=prolateral leg I; vi, vii, viii=left spermatheca in dorsal view. Image sets H–M show a subset of these, except L, which shows the dorsal abdomen.