Oxandra longipetala R.E.Fr.

Junikka, L., Maas, P. J. M., Maas-van de Kamer, H. & Westra, L. Y. Th., 2016, Revision of Oxandra (Annonaceae), Blumea 61 (3), pp. 215-266 : 235-239

11. Oxandra longipetala R.E.Fr. — Fig. 11; Plate 2a, b; Map 6

Oxandra longipetala R.E.Fr. (1931) 170, t. 5. — Type: Hayes 385 (holo K; iso BM), Panama, Lion Hill Station P.R.R., Aug. 1861.

Shrub or tree 2–10 m tall, 5–10 cm diam; young twigs densely to sparsely covered with erect hairs c. 1 mm long, finally glabrous. Leaves: petiole 0.5–2 mm long, 1–1.5 mm diam; lamina ovate to obovate, 4–12 by 2–6 cm (leaf index 2.1–2.5), chartaceous, not verruculose or sometimes sparsely verruculose below, dull and grey, greyish green to brown above and below, glabrous above, sometimes with appressed hairs along primary vein, rather densely to sparsely covered with erect or appressed hairs to glabrous below, base obtuse to slightly cordate and almost stem-clasping, often slightly oblique, apex acute to bluntly acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary vein raised above, secondary veins distinct, 8–10 on either side of primary vein, raised above, angle of secondary veins with primary vein 65–80°, smallest distance between loops and margin 1–4 mm, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Flowers solitary; pedicels 3–6 mm long, c. 0.5 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 6–10 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, densely covered with erect hairs to glabrous; bracts 4–6, depressed ovate, 1–2 mm long, outer side densely covered with appressed, white hairs to glabrous; flower buds subglobose, maturing ellipsoid; sepals shallowly to

Fig. 11 Oxandra longipetala R.E.Fr. Flowering and fruiting twig (Holdridge 6213, MO).

Plate 2 a–b. Oxandra longipetala R.E.Fr. a. Leaf, upper side; b. flower. — c–e. Oxandra saxicola Maas & Junikka. c. Flowering twig; d. detail of flower; e. fruiting twig. — f–h. Oxandra surinamensis Jans.-Jac. f. Flowering twig; g. fruit; h. leafy twig (a, b: Maas et al. 10479; c, d: Parada 944; e: Parada 42; f –h: Bordenave et al. 8149). — Photos: a, b. P.J.M. Maas; c–e. G.A. Parada ; f–h. B. Bordenave.

Fig. 12 Oxandra macrophylla R.E.Fr. Fruiting twig (Killip & Smith 28752, iso US).

broadly ovate-triangular, 1–2 by 1–3 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed, white hairs to glabrous; petals white in vivo, narrowly oblong-elliptic, 12–22 by 3–7 mm, outer side glabrous; stamens 30–40, 1.5–2 mm long, apex of connective depressed ovate; carpels ≤ 11. Monocarps 1–10, green, maturing red, orange-red to black-purple in vivo, brown to black in sicco, ellipsoid to obovoid, 10–14 by 5–8 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous, apex apiculate (apiculum 0.5–1 mm long), wall 0.2–0.3 mm thick, stipes 1–2 by 1–2 mm. Seed ellipsoid, c. 10 by 5–6 mm, brown, surface transversely striate, ruminations spiniform.

Distribution — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia), Brazil (Pará), Peru (Puno).

Habitat & Ecology — In premontane wet forest, deciduous forest, or gallery forest. At elevations of 0–1100 m. Flowering: all year through; fruiting: from December to June.

Field observations — Flowers at anthesis with lemon-like smell (Chatrou et al. 114, Costa Rica); flores muy olorosas (Deago 488, Panama); flores frag(r)antes (Galdames et al. 2804, Panama); flowers fragrant (Gentry 2661, Panama); flowers sweetly aromatic (Stern et al. 1793, Panama).

Notes — Oxandra longipetala is a fairly easily recognizable species, characterized by very large petals (12–22 mm long) for the genus, young twigs which are covered with erect hairs (not often seen in the genus), a short petiole, and a leaf base which is rounded to cordate and unequal.

Amazingly Nuñez & Munn 5313 (U) from the distant Peruvian Department of Puno exactly matches this species by an indument of erect hairs on the young twigs, and by its leaves and flowers.

Gentry 3285 (MO) from the Pipeline Road in Panama is distinctly cauliflorous, the fruit arising from the main stem. This is the first record for cauliflory in the genus.