Oxandra venezuelana R.E.Fr.
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916X694283 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A142D-6412-B277-264D-F90FB76DFDEC |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Oxandra venezuelana R.E.Fr. |
status |
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26. Oxandra venezuelana R.E.Fr. View in CoL — Fig. 24; Map 12
Oxandra venezuelana R.E.Fr. (1960) 22. — Type: Bernardi 1923 (holo NY; iso BM, FI, K 2 sheets, S), Venezuela, Mérida, El Vigía, Caño Amarillo, 150–250 m, 5 Feb. 1955.
Tree 4–35(–50) m tall, 10–60 cm diam, sometimes with red to yellowish exudate; young twigs glabrous or sometimes in the youngest stage covered with some scattered, appressed, white hairs to c. 2 mm long. Leaves: petiole 3–8 mm long, 1–5 mm diam; lamina narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 5–15 by 2–5 cm (leaf index 2.6–3.4), coriaceous, not verruculose, shiny and dark olive-green to brown above, dull green (‘glaucous’) below, glabrous or rarely with scattered erect or appressed hairs above and below, base acute, sometimes obtuse and oblique, apex acute to shortly acuminate (acumen 5–10 mm long), primary vein slightly impressed above, secondary veins distinct,
Fig. 25 Oxandra xylopioides Diels. Fruiting twig ( Vásquez & Jaramillo 9368, U).
10–13 on either side of primary vein, raised above, angle of secondary veins with primary vein 45–65°, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1–10-flowered inflorescences, sometimes produced from leafless branches; pedicels c. 1.5 mm long, c. 1.5 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 3–10 mm long, 1–3 mm diam, densely covered with appressed hairs; bracts 5–6, depressed ovate, 1–2 mm long, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; flower buds globose; sepals shallowly ovate-triangular, 2–4 by 2–4 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals white to cream in vivo, elliptic to obovate, 8–14 by 4–7 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed and erect hairs; stamens c. 50, 3–4 mm long, apex of connective narrowly triangular; carpels ≤ 20. Monocarps 4–15, green, maturing purple-black in vivo, black to brown and often glaucous in sicco, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–19(–25) by 6–10(–12) mm, sparsely covered with appressed to erect, minute, white hairs, c. 0.1 mm long to glabrous, apex rounded, wall 0.5–1 mm thick, stipes 3–10 by 1–2 mm. Seed ellipsoid 12–15(–19) by 6–8 mm, brown, surface transversely striate, ruminations lamellate in 4 parts.
Distribution — Mexico (Chiapas), Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Cesar, Santander), Venezuela (Amazonas, Mérida, Táchira, Zulia).
Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated, moist forest. At elevations of 0–1100 m. Flowering: April, October, December; fruiting: February to April, September, December.
Vernacular names — Colombia: Yaya pino (De Bruijn 1608), Yaya sangre ( Cogollo et al. 4594). Costa Rica: Haya (Thomsen 566), Yaha (Seeman 1580), Yayo ( Estrada & Rodríguez 234, Thomsen 566), Yayo amarillo (Thomsen 566), Yayo blanco (Thomsen 566). Nicaragua: Palanco (Grijalva & Almanza 3601, Sandino et al. 3852, 5020). Panama: Yaya (Holdridge 6216). Venezuela: Ya-ya or Ya-yá (Aristeguieta et al. 6766, Bernardi 1923, 6359, Steyermark et al. 122914, 123099), Yaya pino (De Bruijn 1608).
Uses — Lo utilizan para ‘pluma’ entre el camion y el chuto (Aristeguieta et al. 6766, Venezuela); wood used for ax shafts (Thomsen 566, Costa Rica); se utiliza en la construcción de ranchos ( Costa Rica: Zamora et al. 2000: 236).
Field observations — Flores aromaticas (Sandino et al. 5020, Nicaragua).
Notes — Oxandra venezuelana is recognized by often narrowly obovate leaves with a slightly impressed primary vein, a shiny upper side in which the tertiary venation is strongly raised and reticulate and a dull and glaucous lower side. Other features are the densely hairy petals and the high number of stamens
Map 13 Distribution of Oxandra xylopioides (●) and Oxandra sp. Fernandez (●).
(c. 50!). The monocarps in this species are often glaucous and covered with an indument of minute, appressed and erect hairs. A sterile collection from Costa Rica, Poveda A. 3889 (F) is aberrant in having the young twigs densely covered with erect, brown hairs.
As already remarked in the Introduction, O. venezuelana in a study by Pirie et al. (2006) comes out in an isolated clade sister to Pseudomalmea diclina . Apart from the seeds which match quite well, there is hardly any resemblance between the two taxa, e.g. O. venezuelana : pedicels <2 mm long in flower, ≤ 10 mm in fruit, flower buds closed, vs P. diclina : pedicels 18–55 mm long in flower, ≤ 90 mm in fruit, flower buds open.
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