Carthamus spp.

Mehrparvar, Mohsen & Mirtadzadini, Mansour, 2024, Aphids associated with Carthamus in Iran with the description of the hitherto unknown male of Uroleucon carthami (Hille Ris Lambers, 1948) (Hemi.: Aphididae), Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 10 (3), pp. 467-483 : 478-479

Key to the apterous viviparous females of aphid species living on Carthamus spp. in Iran

1 PT/ANTVIb less than 0.7. SIPH as pores placed on flat cones. Body and appendages densely hairy. Hind tarsus elongate, more than 0.7 × hind tibia. ............................ Protrama radicis (Kaltenbach, 1843)

— PT/ANTVIb more than 0.7. SIPH tubular or conical. Body and appendages not densely hairy. Hind tarsus normal. ....................................................................................................................................................... 2

2 SIPH dark, with polygonal reticulation. .......................................................................................................... 3

— SIPH pale or dark but without polygonal reticulation. .................................................................................. 7

3 First tarsal segments with 3 setae. Polygonal reticulation covers more than 40% of SIPH distal part. ..... ............................................................................................................................................. Macrosiphoniella sp.

— First tarsal segments with 5 setae. Polygonal reticulation covers about 10–40% of SIPH distal part. ..... 4

4 Cauda pale. Crescent-shaped antesiphuncular sclerites present. .......... Uroleucon cichorii (Koch, 1855)

— Cauda dark. Antesiphuncular sclerites absent. ............................................................................................... 5

5 ANTIII 1.8–2.5 × ANTV, with 42–86 rhinaria extending over 0.68–0.95 of length. SIPH with reticulation over distal 25–32%. PT/ANTVIb 5.2–7.3 (mostly 5.5–7.0). ABDTII–IV without marginal tubercles. ........ ............................................................................................................ Uroleucon compositae (Theobald, 1915)

— ANTIII 1.4–1.9 × ANTV, with 15–55(61) rhinaria extending over 0.45–0.68 of length. SIPH with reticulation over distal 16–27%. PT/ANTVIb 4.0–6.6 (mostly 4.5–5.5). ABDTII-IV mostly with small marginal tubercles. .............................................................................................................................................. 6

6 URS 0.89–1.22 × ANTVIb. ANTIII with 21–55(61) rhinaria, few of which exceed 10 µm in diameter. Mainly on Carthamus tinctorius . .............................................................. Uroleucon jaceae (Linnaeus, 1758)

— URS (0.99)1.01–1.4 × ANTVIb. ANTIII with 15–39(49) rhinaria, many of which exceed 10 µm in diameter. Mainly on wild Carthamus . ............................... Uroleucon carthami ( Hille Ris Lambers, 1948)

7 ANT tubercles well-developed. ........................................................................................................................ 8

— ANT tubercles undeveloped or less developed. ........................................................................................... 1 2

8 Head ornamented with numerous spicules. ANT tubercles with inner faces scabrous and almost parallel. Distal half of SIPH with some degree of swelling. ....................... Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776)

— Head smooth without spicules. ANT tubercles with inner faces divergent. ............................................... 9

9 SIPH with slight to moderate swelling on distal half. ................................... Amphorophora sp. (see text)

— SIPH without swelling. ..................................................................................................................................... 10

10 Hairs on front of head shorter than BDANTIII, with blunt or pointed apices. Dorsal hairs short, inconspicuous. .............................................................................. Acyrthosiphon ilka ilka Mordvilko, 1914

— Hairs on front of head longer than BDANTIII, with distinctly expanded apices. .................................... 11

11 ANTIII without rhinaria. URS with pointed apex. SIPH with dark apices, 1.5-1.8 × ANTIII. .................... ...................................................................................................... Capitophorus elaeagni (Del Guercio, 1894)

— ANTIII with rhinaria. URS stiletto-shaped. SIPH without dark apices and shorter than ANTIII. ............. ........................................................................... Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kaltenbach, 1846) (see text)

12 PT/ANTVIb 0.7–1.2. URS longer than PT. SIPH short, 0.62–1.2 × cauda, which is either helmet-shaped or bluntly triangular. ........................................................................................................................................ 13

— PT/ANTVIb more than 1.5. URS much shorter than PT. SIPH usually longer than cauda, which is helmet-, tongue- or finger-shaped. .................................................................................................................. 15

13 SIPH 0.50–0.76 × URS, and 0.56–0.87 × cauda. LHABDTIII 1.2–1.8 × BD ANTIII. ....................................... ........................................................................................................................... Protaphis carthami (Das, 1918)

— SIPH 0.7–0.9 × URS and 0.88–1.2 × cauda. LHABDTIII 0.7–1.3 × BDANTIII. ........................................... 14

14 ANTIII usually without secondary rhinaria (rarely with 1–3). URS 1.28–1.36 × HTII. LHABDTIII 0.7– 1.1 × BDANTIII. ........................................................................... Protaphis pseudocardui (Theobald, 1915)

— ANTIII usually with (1–10) secondary rhinaria. URS 1.45–1.65 × HTII. LHABDTIII 1.2–1.3 × BDANTIII. ............................................................................................................. Protaphis anuraphoides (Nevsky, 1928)

15 Cauda helmet-shaped, with slight basal constriction, a little shorter than its basal width in dorsal view, and bearing 4–8 hairs. Spiracular apertures large and rounded. ............................................................... 16

— Cauda tongue- or finger-shaped, longer than its basal width. Spiracular apertures reniform. ............. 17

16 Abdomen with an extensive dark dorsal shield. SIPH dark, imbricated, 1.7–3.4 × cauda. Mesosternum with a pair of dark mammariform processes. ANTIII 0.30–0.47 mm, 2.4–3.4 × HTII. URS 0.17–0.24 mm. ............................................................................................................... Brachycaudus cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)

— Abdomen without dark markings. SIPH pale, smooth, 0.8–2.1 × cauda. Mesosternum without mammariform processes. ANTIII 0.07–0.30 mm, 0.9–2.8 × HTII. URS 0.10–0.15 mm. ................................ ...................................................................................................... Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach, 1843)

17 SIPH 2.4–5.4 × longest marginal hair on ABDTI-III. LHANTIII 17–69 μm (mostly 35–60 μm); LHHF 45– 100 μm (mostly 70–90 μm). SIPH 2.8–5.1 × their diameter at midlength, 0.8–1.6 × cauda and 0.08–0.17 × BL. URS 0.85–1.13 × HTII. PT/ANTVIb (1.8–)2.1–3.4(–3.8). .............................. Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763

— SIPH 5.4–17.0 × longest marginal hair on ABDTI-III. LHANTIII 15–35 μm (mostly 20–30 μm). LHHF 45–75 (–82) μm. SIPH 3.5–7.5 × their diameter at midlength, 1.3–2.0 × cauda and 0.13–0.20 × BL. URS (0.98–)1.03–1.30 × HTII. PT/ANTVIb 2.8–4.1. ........................................... Aphis solanella Theobald, 1914