Microphis retzii
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15981 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0384230A-FFFA-FFD8-8747-FAC8FAE7F92D |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Microphis retzii |
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3.2 | M. retzii View in CoL
3.2.1 | Phylogeography
An alignment of a total of 30 sequences (605 bp) was obtained. Fourteen haplotypes (H1–H14) were identified, including seven unique haplotypes represented by a single individual H1, H4, H5, H6, H8, H11, and H12 (Figure 4; Table S1).
The haplotype network of M. retzii showed three distinct haplogroups separated from each other by several mutations and reconstructed haplotypes (Figure 4a). Haplogroups 1 and 2 are separated from each other by 23 mutations and one hypothetical haplotype. Haplogroups 1 and 3 are separated from each other by 16 mutations and one hypothetical haplotype. Haplogroups 2 and 3 are separated from each other by 39 mutations and two hypothetical haplotypes. Haplogroup 1, composed of haplotypes H1–H5, includes individuals from Maluku islands ( Ambon and Ceram), Sulawesi, and Papua. Haplogroup 2 is composed of haplotypes H6–H12, which includes individuals from the Sunda Shelf (Bali and Java) and Lesser Sunda islands (Lombok). Finally, haplogroup 3, composed of haplotypes H13 and H14, includes individuals from the North Pacific ( Taiwan and China) .
The different localities sampled for M. retzii were partitioned in three large geographical areas, including NPO, WI ( Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, and Papua), EI (Sunda Shelf) (Figure 3b). Hd is highest for EI (0.8) and lowest for NPO (0.6). π is highest for NPO (3) and lowest for WI (0.836) (Table 4). Fu's F and Tajima's D tests were not significant (Table 4).
The spatial genetic structuring of M. retzii observed in Figure 3 is supported by high and statistically significant (p <0.05) Φst values between each zone (Table 5). The highest Φst value (0.964) is observed between WI and EI, and the lowest Φst value (0.906) is observed between EI and NPO. The percentages of divergence between the populations of the three zones vary between 3.3% and 5.1% (x genetic distance), with shallow divergence among populations ranging from 0.2% to 0.4% (Table 6).
3.2.2 | MOTUs delimitation and phylogenetic analysis
DNA-based species delimitation methods resulted in congruent delimitation schemes with three MOTUs for mPTP, sGMYC, and ASAP and four MOTUs for sPTP and mGMYC (Figure 5; Table S2). The final consensus scheme consisted of three MOTUs in Southeast Asia: one for EI (Ceram, Ambon, Sulawesi, Papua), one for WI (Lombok, Bali, Java), and one for the NPO ( China, Taiwan). These three MOTUs were assigned to one nominal species M. retzii (Bleeker, 1856) . However, the main pair-wise divergences between these MOTUs are relatively high, between 3.3% and 5.1% (Table 6). The Bayesian gene tree, based on the MOTUs recognized here, suggests a diversification of M. retzii MOTUs around 1.8 MYA (Figure 5). Among the 14 haplotypes recognized within M. retzii , three lineages are observed: one is restricted to EI (H1–H5) with an MRCA dated around 0.42 MYA (95% HPD: 0.166 –0.7217); one is restricted to the NPO (H13 and H14) with a MRCA dated around 0.27 MYA (95% HPD: 0.0503 –0.5411); and one is restricted to WI (H6–H12) with an MRCA dated around 0.33 MYA (95% HPD: 0.1237 –0.5862) (Figure 5).
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