Guatteria inundata Mart. — Plate, 1841

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 98-99

84. Guatteria inundata Mart. — Plate 4h, i; Map 19

Guatteria inundata Mart.(1841) 36;R. E.Fr.(1939) 411,f. 14f, g, t. 28. — Type: Martius s.n. (lecto M, selected by Fries 1939), Brazil, Amazonas , Rio Solimões and Rio Japurá (‘in inundatis ripae fluv. Solimões et Japurae’), 14 Dec. 1819 .

Guatteria inundata Mart. var. longifolia Poepp. ex Mart. (1841) 36. — Guatteria dolichophylla R.E.Fr. (1939) 414, syn. nov. — Type: Poeppig 2693 (holo BR; iso B, BM, F, G, HAL, P, W), Brazil, Amazonas, along a lake near Tefé (‘in sylvis litoreis lacus Egensis’), Oct. 1831.

Guatteria phanerocampta Diels (1931) 76; R. E.Fr. (1939) 415. — Type: Ll. Williams 3436 (syn F, G, S, US), Peru, Loreto, Upper Río Itaya, San Antonio , 145 m, 5 Oct. 1939 .

Guatteria riparia R.E.Fr. (1939) 410; Steyerm. et al. (1995) 446, f. 377, syn. nov. — Type: Spruce 3105 (holo K; iso BM, BR, C, G 3 sheets, NY, P), Venezuela, Amazonas,banks of Río Negro and Río Casiquiare , Oct. 1853.

Guatteria obovata R.E.Fr. (1939) 412, f. 14h; Morawetz (1984) 59, syn. nov. — Type: R.H. Schomburgk I 922 (holo K; iso B, BM, E, F, FI 2 sheets, G 3 sheets,L, P,U, US, W), Brazil, Amazonas , Rio Negro, Lago Pedrero, 1840.

Guatteria oblanceolata R.E.Fr. (1939) 415. — Type: Krukoff 6721 (holo S; iso BM,BR,F, G, K, MO, NY,RB,U, US 2 sheets), Brazil, Amazonas ,Mun. Humaitá, near Livramento, on Rio Livramento, 12 Oct. to 6 Nov. 1934.

Many-stemmed shrub or sometimes a tree 1–10(–20) m tall, up to c. 10 cm diam; young twigs sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5 –15 mm long, 1–2 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic, 15–27 by 4–8 cm (leaf index 2.3–5.6), chartaceous, sometimes rugulose, brownish green, brown, to greyish green above, brown to greenish brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed hairs below, base attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long) to long-acute, primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 12– 20 on either side of primary vein, impressed to slightly raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2– 6 mm, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate. Flowers solitary in leaf axils, rarely on leafless branchlets; pedicels 12–40 mm long, 1–1.5 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 50 mm long, c. 2 mm diam, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, articulated at 0.2–0.6 from the base, bracts 4–6, soon falling, broadly triangular-elliptic, broadly ovate, or elliptic, 1.5–6 mm long; flower buds depressed ovoid; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 4–6 by 4–6 mm, appressed, outer side densely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs; petals green, maturing cream or yellow in vivo, ovate to obovate, 15–35 by 8–20 mm, outer base densely covered with appressed hairs, apical part rather densely to sparsely so; stamens c. 2 mm long, connective shield papillate to glabrous. Monocarps 25–50, green, maturing reddish in vivo, black, rarely brownish in sicco, narrowly ellipsoid and mostly fusiform, 17–30 by 5–7 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex distinctly apiculate and hard-pointed (apiculum 1–3 mm long), wall 0.1–0.3 mm thick, stipes 2–5 by 1–2 mm. Seed narrowly ellipsoid, 15–25 by 5–8 mm, pale brown, pitted, longitudinally grooved, with spongy appearance, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Amazonian Colombia (Vaupés), Venezuela (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima).

Habitat & Ecology — Mostly in periodically inundated forest (igapó, várzea or tahuampa), on clayey to sandy soil. At eleva- tions of 0– 200 m. Flowering: throughout the year, but mostly between September and November; fruiting: November to June.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Cacaia-velha ( Zappi et al. 2967), Envira-do-igapó ( Albuquerque & Lima 227). Peru: Anona (McDaniel & Rimachi Y. 17539, Rimachi Y. 2443, 2557), Anonilla (Rimachi Y. 12305), Bara (Rimachi Y. 907, 2706, 6447), Bar(r)a caspi (McDaniel & Rimachi Y. 20386, Rimachi Y. 1840), Carahuasca (Del Carpio & Ruiz 1606), Espintana ( Peters 22, Rimachi Y. 1809, 10719), Motelo caspi (Rimachi Y. 3348). Venezuela: Kunwata (L. Delgado et al. 953), Majagua (Breteler 4844, Stergios & Aymard C. 9010), Majagua negra (Liesner 6233), Majagua orillera (Liesner 6501), Majagua rebalsera (Delgado 593), Palo de boya negro (Ll. Williams 14727).

Notes — Guatteria inundata is a species quite often collected in periodically inundated várzea, tahuampa and igapó forests of Amazonian Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. It is most easy to recognize by the long-apiculate and almost pointed monocarps, very rarely met with in the genus. The seeds of this species have a spongy outer layer which may be an adaptaton to hydrochory (the species is restricted to river banks!). Fries (1939) placed G. inundata , G. dolichophylla , G. oblanceolata , G. obovata , G. phanerocampta and G. riparia in sect. Stenocarpus . In his key to the 6 species he used characters such as leaf shape, secondary veins and leaf colour. In the initial phase of our study we only recognized a mere two species, viz. G. inundata and G. riparia , with as main differentiating characters the leaf shape, leaf apex and distance between loops and the margin. With the steady increase of many new collections these differences gradually became blurred, leaving us no other option but to unite all in G. inundata .

In most collections studied the monocarps are very narrow and almost fusiform, but in a few collections the monocarps are much broader and the apex even obtuse.

One collection, Glaziou 13505 ( P: ‘ Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Morro do Cocco , 9 February 1882 ’), falls quite far out of the distribu- tion range of this typically Amazonian species. A similar case is that of Glaziou 13504 (see under G. foliosa ). As Glaziou quite often used erroneous data (see Wurdack 1970) we have the suspicion that the locality data are incorrect .

Figures

Plate 4 a. Guatteria ferruginea A.St.-Hil. Stem with flowers and fruit. – b, d, e. Guatteria goudotiana Triana & Planch. b. Fruit; d. flowering branch; e. flower. – c, f. Guatteria heteropetala Benth. c. Fruiting branch; f. flowering branch. – g. Guatteria hirsuta Ruiz & Pav. Fruiting branch. – h, i. Guatteria inundata Mart. h. Flowering branch; i. fruiting branch (a: Amorim et al. 818; b, d, e: Sánchez S. et al. 4776; c: Stevenson et al. 1115; f: Berry s.n.; g: Clark et al. 5291; h: Croat 19234; i: Maas et al. 6288). — Photos: a, i: P.J.M. Maas; b, d, e: D. Sánchez S.; c: D.W. Stevenson; f: P.E. Berry; g: J.L. Clark; h: T.B. Croat.