Guatteria revoluta Maas & Westra, 2015

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 142-144

133. Guatteria revoluta Maas & Westra , sp. nov. — Fig. 54f , 64 ; Map 29

Foliis coriaceis venis secundariis supra impressis marginibus basalis revolutis monocarpiis breviter stipitatis stipitibus monocarpiis non superantibus distincta. — Typus: Vásquez & Jaramillo 8024 (holo MO;iso U), Peru, Loreto, prov. Maynas, Puerto Almendras, 122 m, 29 Sept. 1986.

Tree 6–32 m tall, 25–30 cm diam; young twigs rather densely covered with appressed, rarely erect hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10–20 mm long, c. 3 mm diam; lamina nar- rowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 17–35 by 6–14 cm (leaf index 2.2–3), coriaceous, not verruculose, slightly shiny, dark brown, sometimes greyish brown above, brown below, glabrous above, sparsely covered with appressed, rarely erect hairs below, base acute to attenuate, basal margins mostly stongly revolute, apex acuminate (acumen 5–15 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 15– 25 on either side of primary vein, impressed above, smallest distance between loops and margin 3–6 mm, tertiary veins flat to slightly raised above, reticulate to slightly percurrent. Flowers in 1–2(–several)-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or on leafless branchlets; pedicels c. 10 mm long, c. 2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 15 mm long, 2–5 mm diam, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, articulated at 0.3–0.4 from the base, bracts 5–7, soon falling, not seen; flower buds depressed ovoid; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 4–7 by 6–7 mm, reflexed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals green, maturing cream or yellow to reddish yel- low in vivo, elliptic to obovate, 10–25 by 6 –15 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; stamens c. 1.5 mm long, connective shield papillate. Monocarps 25–75, green, maturing black in vivo, brown to black in sicco, ellipsoid, 10–15 by 7–8 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, apex rounded to apiculate (apiculum <1 mm long), wall 0.2–0.4 mm thick, stipes 3–5(–20) by 1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 9 –11 by 5– 6 mm, dark brown, pitted to smooth, raphe raised.

Distribution — Amazonian Peru (Loreto).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated forest, on sandy to clayey soil. At elevations of 100– 150 m. Flowering: May, No- vember, September; fruiting: January, March, July, September, October.

Vernacular names — Peru: Anonilla (J. Ruíz 1075), Carahuasca (Díaz M. et al. 88, Simpson 765), Carahuasca negra (Gutiérrez R. 206).

Other specimens examined. PERU, Loreto, Nauta, Arévalo & Díaz M. 99 (AMAZ,U); Prov.Maynas,Puerto Almendras, 100 m, Díaz M.et al.88 (AMAZ, U); Prov. Maynas, road from Nauta to Iquitos, 150 m, Grández & Ruíz 2171 (U); Prov. Maynas, Puerto Almendras, Arboretum UNAP, 122 m, Grández & Jaramillo 4977 (MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Distr. Alto Nanay, Santa Maria de Nanay, 150 m, Gutiérrez R. 206 (U); Allpahuayo, 20.5 km S of Iquitos, Maas et al. 8192 (U); Prov. Maynas, Distr. Iquitos, Quebrada Aucaya, 15 m, Rimachi Y.369 (MO);Prov.Maynas,Ninarumi, J.Ruíz 1075 (AMAZ,U); Prov. Maynas, Distr. Alto Nanay, Santa Maria de Nanay, Simpson 765 (K, MO); Prov. Maynas, Puerto Almendras, 122 m, Vásquez & Jaramillo 7584 (MO, U); Nauta, km 5 of road from Nauta to Iquitos, 200 m, Vásquez & Arévalo 9000 (MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Indiana, Yanamono, Rio Amazonas, 116 m, Vásquez & Jaramillo 11105 (MO, U); prov. Maynas, Puerto Almendras, Río Nanay, 122 m, Vásquez et al. 13754 (MO, U); Prov. Maynas, Allpahuayo, Estación Experimental del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), 150–180 m, Vásquez et al. 14384, 14797, 16322 (MO, U).

Notes — Guatteria revoluta , a narrow endemic of the Iquitos region, is recognizable by a combination of coriaceous leaves with impressed secondary veins, revolute basal leaf margins, and shortly stipitate monocarps, the stipes not exceeding the monocarps in length.

Ruíz, J. 1075 (U) from Peru, Loreto, Ninarumi, may belong here but is aberrant in having stipes up to 10 mm long.

Vásquez & Jaramillo 13267 (MO, U) from Peru, Loreto, Prov. Maynas, Sargento Lores, Esperanza (Río Tahuayo), 120 m, and Gentry et al. 39690 (AAU, MO, NY, U) from Peru, Loreto, Prov. Maynas, Yanamomo Tourist Camp, Río Amazonas, between Indiana and mouth of Río Napo, 130 m, fit this species quite well by their revolute basal leaf margins and shortly stipitate fruits. They are very different, however, in having an indument of erect instead of appressed hairs both on the leafy twigs and lower side of the lamina!

Vásquez & Jaramillo 9434 (MO) from Peru, Loreto, Maynas, Iquitos, km 42 of road from Iquitos to Nauta , 130 m, differs by an indument of erect hairs and, moreover, by much longer stipes 10–20 mm long and pointed monocarps (containing abortive seeds) .

Figures

Fig. 54 a. Guatteria oriximinae Maas & Westra. Fruit. – b. Guatteria pachycarpa Erkens & N.Zamora. Monocarp in cross section. – c, d. Guatteria paludosa R.E.Fr. c. Flowers;d. flower buds and bracts. – e. Guatteria procera R.E.Fr. Fruit. – f. Guatteria revoluta Maas & Westra. Rvolute leaf base, fruit and incomplete flower. – g. Guatteria rigida R.E.Fr. Fruit. – h. Guatteria ruboides Maas & Westra. Fruit (a: Cid et al. 9654, U; b: G. Herrera C. 5227, U; c, d: McDowell et al. 4815, U; e: Sperling et al. 6227, U; f: Vásquez & Jaramillo 8024, isotype U [sheet 2]; g: Anderson et al. 106, U; h: Vásquez & Jaramillo 8025, isotype AAU).

Fig. 64 Guatteria revoluta Maas & Westra. Flowering branch (Vásquez & Jaramillo 8024, isotype U (sheet 1)).