Sicarius utriformis, (BUTLER, 1877)

Magalhaes, Ivan L F, Brescovit, Antonio D & Santos, Adalberto J, 2017, Phylogeny of Sicariidae spiders (Araneae: Haplogynae), with a monograph on Neotropical Sicarius, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (4), pp. 767-864 : 846-848

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12442
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381691E-2738-9E4F-AE87-FACB20F2D868
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Sicarius utriformis
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SICARIUS UTRIFORMIS ( BUTLER, 1877) View in CoL

Figures 17E View Figure 17 , 19B View Figure 19 , 24D View Figure 24 , 27D View Figure 27 , 59 View Figure 59

Thomisoides View in CoL utriformis Butler, 1877: 77 View in CoL , plate 13, fig. 4. Immature holotype from Charles Island (also known as Floreana or Santa Mar � ıa), Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, deposited in BMNH, examined.

Sicarius utriformis View in CoL : Simon , 1893: 270;. Baert et al., 2008: 63, 102.

Sicaroides ultriformis: Banks, 1902: 55, 71 (lapsus).

Note: Butler’s (1877) immature specimen comes from Floreana Island; we have also examined specimens from Espa nola ~ (an adult pair and some immatures) and Fernandina (a subadult female). Until it is determined whether a single species occurs in all islands of the archipelago, our diagnosis must be taken with caution, as it is based on adults from an island other than the type locality. Note that Baert et al. (2008) examined specimens from several islands and considered all of them to be S. utriformis .

Diagnosis: Differs from all species, except S. peruensis and S. gracilis , by having a single, large distal patch of prolateral black setae in the femora ( Fig. 24D View Figure 24 , arrow). The male is distinguished from these two species by the gently curved bulb, with a smooth transition between the base and the body of the bulb ( Fig. 59A, B View Figure 59 ) (well-marked transition in S. peruensis and S. gracilis ). Females are very similar to those of S. peruensis : they have short, widely spaced spermathecae branches without reservatory in the apex, a sclerotized pore plate and ventral branches with a double coil ( Fig. 19B View Figure 19 ). They can be distinguished by having several tiny digitiform projections arising from the branches ( Fig. 59C, D, E View Figure 59 ).

Description: Male ( Espa nola ~, Galapagos Islands, RBINS). Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish brown, labium, endites and sternum light brown, legs yellow, abdomen brownish yellow. Total length 12. Carapace length 6.92, anterior width 2.64, thoracic region width 6.61. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.23, ALE 0.33, PLE 0.28, PME – PLE 0.58, ALE – PLE 0.23. Clypeus height 1.22. Eye tubercles present. Macrosetae in lateral border of the carapace in multiple rows. Femora with prolateral black setae in a large distal patch. Sternum length 3.19, width 3.15, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 3. Leg I: femur 10.63 long, patella 2.81, tibia 11.5, metatarsus 8.9, tarsus 3.88. II: fe 12, ti 12.63. III: fe 10.63, ti 10.5. IV: fe 10.75, pa 3.05, ti 9.7, mt 8, ta 3.8. Abdomen: length 5.73, width 5.73. Palp as in Figure 59A and B View Figure 59 .

Female ( Espa nola ~, Galapagos Islands, RBINS). As in male, except for the following. Total length 15.75. Carapace length 7.25, anterior width 2.78, thoracic region width 6.68. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.23, ALE 0.33, PLE 0.28, PME – PLE 0.71, ALE – PLE 0.33. Clypeus height 1.25. Sternum length 3.08, width 3.32, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 3. Leg I: femur 9 long, patella 2.94, tibia 9.4, metatarsus 6.92, tarsus 3.2. II: fe 9.8, ti 10. III: fe 8.7, ti 8.3. IV: fe 8.7, pa 2.69, ti 8.42, mt 6.75, ta 3.31. Abdomen: length 8.7, width 8.3. Spermathecae branches: 6. Ventral branches present, one pair, with a double coil. Spermathecae as in Figure 59C, D and E View Figure 59 .

Variation: Subadult females have pre-spermathecae with short and blunt branches, with a primordial, very slightly coiled pair of ventral branches ( Fig. 59F View Figure 59 ).

Natural history: Baert et al. (2008) report that the species occurs in littoral zones, low arid zones and transition forest. Banks (1902) collected specimens under rocks in Espa nola ~, and described the eggcase (his illustration is reproduced in Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ).

Distribution: Endemic to the Galapagos Islands. We examined specimens from Espa nola ~, Fernandina and Floreana ( Fig. 27D View Figure 27 ); Baert et al. (2008) provide additional records from Eden, Gardner (near Espa nola ~), R � abida, Santiago, Santa Cruz and Santa Fe islands, not examined by us.

Additional material examined: ECUADOR. Galapagos Islands: Espa nola ~, Espa nola ~ [89.63664, 1.40092, 68 m], L. Baert, 1991, 1 # (RBINS 27720); L. Baert et al., 16/IV/1991, 1 $ (RBINS); Punto Cevallos, L. Baert, 1 imm. (RBINS); Fernandina, Tagus Cove [91.36667, 0.25, 90 m], Arcturus, 1929, 1 imm. (AMNH); 1 imm. (AMNH).