Sicarius rugosus (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899)

Magalhaes, Ivan L F, Brescovit, Antonio D & Santos, Adalberto J, 2017, Phylogeny of Sicariidae spiders (Araneae: Haplogynae), with a monograph on Neotropical Sicarius, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (4), pp. 767-864 : 848-850

SICARIUS RUGOSUS

(F. O. PICKARD- CAMBRIDGE, 1899)

Figures 12B , 15G, 24C , 27C , 60

Sicarioides rugosus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899b: 49 , plate 3, fig. 12. Immature holotype from Bebedero, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, deposited in BMNH, examined. Kraus, 1955: 11, fig. 16.

Sicarioides rugosus : Lehtinen, 1986: 156, fig. 7.

Note: We have not examined adult specimens from the exact type locality, but this species is very common in nearby areas, and thus we have no doubts of its identity.

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished by having white macrosetae and several discrete patches of prolateral black setae in the leg femora ( Fig. 24C ). Males are further distinguished by the very short bulb with a long, bent embolus ( Fig. 60A, B, C). Females are further distinguished by the spermathecae with few short and robust branches, and without ventral branches ( Fig. 60E – J).

Description: Male ( Santa Ana , Sonsonate, El Salvador, AMNH). Coloration: carapace and chelicerae reddish brown, labium light brown, endites, sternum and legs light brown, abdomen brownish yellow. Total length 8.42. Carapace length 4.11, anterior width 1.75, thoracic region width 4.06. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.23, ALE 0.23, PLE 0.2, PME – PLE 0.48, ALE – PLE 0.18. Clypeus height 0.66. Eye tubercles present. Macrosetae in lateral border of the carapace in multiple rows. Femora with prolateral black setae in several discrete patches, white macrosetae present. Sternum length 1.86, width 2.44, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 4. Leg I: femur 4.97 long, patella 1.83, tibia 6.07, metatarsus 4.92, tarsus 2.34. II: fe 6.2, ti 6.14. III: fe 5.32, ti 5.11. IV: fe 5.45, pa 1.6, ti 5.07, mt 4.72, ta 2.34. Abdomen: length 3.65, width 4.23. Palp as in Figure 60A and B.

Female from Santa Ana , Sonsonate, El Salvador (AMNH). As in male, except for the following. Labium, endites, sternum and legs light brown. Total length 8.8. Carapace length 4.51, anterior width 2.08, thoracic region width 4.51. Eye diameters and interdistances: PME 0.23, ALE 0.2, PLE 0.23, PME – PLE 0.58, ALE – PLE 0.2. Clypeus height 0.81. Sternum length 2.17, width 2.38, cordiform. Femoral thorns: 4. Leg I: femur 4.77 long, patella 1.78, tibia 5.45, metatarsus 4.31, tarsus 2.01. II: fe 5.18, ti 5.05. III: fe 4.98, ti 4.67. IV: fe 5.18, pa 1.75, ti 4,67, mt 4.31, ta 2.11. Abdomen: length 4.57, width 5.25. Spermathecae branches: 6. Ventral branches absent. Spermathecae as in Figure 60E and F.

Variation: Males (N = 3): carapace length 4.11 – 5.25 (4.56), femoral thorns 4 – 5, femur II length 6.08 – 7.58 (6.62). Females (N = 3): carapace length 4.46 – 4.83 (4.6), femoral thorns 4 – 5, femur II length 4.92 – 5.32 (5.14), spermathecae branches 4 – 6. Genital morphology variable from small branches without reservatory to branches a bit longer, with reservatory on the median ones ( Fig. 60E – J). Subadult females with only two digitiform, elongate spermathecal branches ( Fig. 60D).

Natural history: This species inhabits dry forests in Central America; it is the Sicarius species recorded from the most humid habitats (1300 – 1900 mm of annual precipitation, but with a 3-month dry season receiving less than 20 mm of rain).

Distribution: Dry west coast of Central America, from southern El Salvador to north-western Costa Rica ( Fig. 27C ).

Additional material examined: EL SALVADOR. Sonsonate: Santa Ana , Laguna de Coatepeque , [89.53333, 13.83333, 730 m], Zilck, 20/IX/1957, 1 # 1 $ (AMNH). NICARAGUA. Le on �: La Paz Centro, Volc � an Momotombo, El Cardon, [86.59734, 12.4332,

83 m], C. Vıquez & J. Mata, 12/II/2007, 1 # 1 $ (INBIO NIC17). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: La Cruz, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa [85.76667, 10.88333, 162 m], Goodnight, 24/VII/1978, 1 imm. (AMNH); Liberia, [85.53333, 10.6, 90 m], F.S. Truxal, 14/VII/1962, 1 $ (AMNH); 5 km S Liberia [85.43333, 10.58333, 126 m], S. Peck, 10/VII/1966, 1 imm. (AMNH); Estacion Biologica Maritza, Sendero a La Toma de Agua (85.49524, 10.96254, 849 m), R. Gutierrez, 22/IV/2004, 1 $ (INBIO 76804); La Cruz, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa , Area Administrativa (85.61549, 10.83641, 272 m), D. Jansen, 1—31/I/1991, 2 # 3 $ 6 imm. (INBIO 47096); same locality (85.62648, 10.83998, 272 m), I/1991, 1 imm. (INBIO 47095); same locality (85.95077, 10.85433, 300 m), J. Jacobs, 24/XI/2001, 1 $ (INBIO 72236); same locality (85.62648, 10.83998, 272 m), R.R. Dastreich, 2/III/1995, 1 imm. (INBIO 47164); Costa Playa Naranjo (85.63742, 10.8327, 172 m), C. Cano, 6/II/1998, 1 $ (INBIO 49656); same locality (85.63283, 10.82639, 172 m), 10/II/1999, 2 $ 2 imm. (INBIO 49655); D. Garcia, 10/II/1998, 1 # 1 $ (INBIO 49647); Estacion Murcielago, 8 km SW Cuaginiquil (85.73102, 10.90193, 180 m), P. Rios, 28/II/1991, 3 # 3 $ 3 imm. (INBIO 47116); Estacion Santa Rosa (85.61549, 10.83641, 272 m), D. Jansen, I/1991, 3 imm. (INBIO 45948); Isla San Jose (85.92289, 10.85628), J. Jacobs, 9/IX/2001, 1 $ (INBIO 72223); 21 – 23/XI/2001, 1 # (INBIO 72196); Sect. Palo Verde (85.35144, 10.35048, 20 m), Mantillo, 1—24/IV/1992, 1 imm. (INBIO 47466); Setor San Josecito , Rio Tempisquito (85.54888, 10.87555, 219 m), D. Garcia, 25/III/1998, 3 imm. (INBIO 49629); Sitios de Pocosol, Sitios de Pocosol (85.51206, 10.93264, 364 m), D. Jansen, 4/III/1990, 2 # 2 imm. (INBIO 47097).

Figures

Figure 12. A, Sicarius thomisoides Walckenaer, 1847, cephalothorax, lateral. Inset showing lateral row of macrosetae. B, Sicarius rugosus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899), cephalothorax, lateral. Inset showing lateral row of macrosetae. C, Hexophthalma spatulata (Pocock, 1900) comb. nov. female spinnerets, ventral view (AcAT 2013/1514). D, Sicarius diadorim Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos, 2013, female third entapophysis, dorsal, digested. ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets; AT, anal tubercle. Scale bars = A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.1 mm.

Figure 24. Leg femora. A, Hexophthalma hahni (Karsch, 1878) comb. rest. male, third left leg (KNM 24870), anterior view. Inset showing detail of white macrosetae. B, Sicarius fumosus (Nicolet, 1849) female, first right leg (IBSP 163741), anterior view (mirrored). C, Sicarius rugosus (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) male, second left leg (AMNH), anterior view. D, Sicarius utriformis (Butler, 1877) female, second right leg (RBINS), dorso-anterior view (mirrored). E, Sicarius yurensis Strand, 1908 stat. nov. female, first left leg (AMNH), dorso-anterior view. White arrows indicate groups of black setae, black arrows indicate white macrosetae. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 27. Distribution of Sicarius species. A, Sicarius saci sp. nov. (white stars), S. jequitinhonha sp. nov. (crosses), S. cariri Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos 2013 (black stars), S. tropicus (Mello-Leit~ ao, 1936) (squares), S. ornatus Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos, 2013 (triangles) and S. diadorim Magalh~ aes, Brescovit & Santos, 2013 (circles). B, S. peruensis (Keyserling, 1880) (circles) and S. andinus sp. nov. (stars). C, S. rugosus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899). D, S. utriformis (Butler, 1877) (white star indicates type locality). Xeric formations are highlighted in red (deserts and xeric scrublands), yellow (dry forests) and brown (chaco).