Psalidodon, EIGENMANN, 1911

Terán, Guillermo E., Benitez, Mauricio F. & Mirande, J. Marcos, 2020, Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, pp. 1217-1234 : 1226-1227

PSALIDODON EIGENMANN, 1911

Type species: Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911 .

New combinations: Psalidodon anisitsi ( Eigenmann, 1907) comb. nov., Psalidodon bifasciatus ( Garavello & Sampaio, 2010) comb. nov., Psalidodon bockmanni ( Vari & Castro, 2007) comb. nov., Psalidodon chico ( Casciotta & Almirón, 2004) comb. nov., Psalidodon correntinus ( Holmberg, 1891) comb. nov., Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena & Thofehrn, 2013) comb. nov., Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894) comb. nov., Psalidodon endy ( Mirande et al., 2006) comb. nov., Psalidodon erythropterus ( Holmberg, 1891) comb. nov., Psalidodon fasciatus ( Cuvier, 1819) comb. nov., Psalidodon gymnogenys ( Eigenmann, 1911) comb. nov., Psalidodon hermosus ( Miquelarena, Protogino & López, 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon ita ( Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2002) comb. nov., Psalidodon jequitinhonhae ( Steindachner, 1877) comb. nov., Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta et al., 2002b) comb. nov., Psalidodon marionae ( Eigenmann, 1911) comb. nov., Psalidodon ojiara ( Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000) comb. nov., Psalidodon pampa ( Casciotta et al., 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon parahybae ( Eigenmann, 1908) comb. nov., Psalidodon paranae ( Eigenmann, 1914) comb. nov., Psalidodon pelegrini ( Eigenmann, 1907) comb. nov., Psalidodon powelli ( Terán et al., 2017) comb. nov., Psalidodon puka ( Mirande et al., 2007) comb. nov., Psalidodon pynandi ( Casciotta et al., 2003b) comb. nov., Psalidodon rivularis ( Lütken, 1875) comb. nov., Psalidodon rutilus ( Jenyns, 1842) comb. nov., Psalidodon schubarti ( Britski, 1964) comb. nov., Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta et al., 2002b) comb. nov., Psalidodon tumbayaensis ( Miquelarena & Menni, 2005) comb. nov., Psalidodon xavante ( Garutti & Venere, 2009) comb. nov., Psalidodon xiru ( Lucena et al., 2013) comb. nov.

Diagnosis: The resurrected and expanded genus Psalidodon is diagnosed from the remaining Stethaprioninae by the following combination of characters: laterosensory pore anterior to dilatator fossa oriented lateroventrally, rhinosphenoid lacking a dorsal projection between olfactory nerves, circuli absent on posterior field of scales (excepting P. erythropterus and P. pelegrini ), presence of an anterior branch in the maxillary tubules for blood vessels, possession of 0–3 maxillary teeth (usually 1), anal-fin origin posterior to a vertical line through last dorsal-fin ray and a naked caudal fin.

Synapomorphies: Psalidodon is obtained as monophyletic with moderate support. The monophyly of the genus is obtained from four molecular and two morphological synapomorphies: the presence of five or more cusps on teeth both from the outer premaxillary row (177:1) and the maxilla (193:1).

Psalidodon has been erected by Eigenmann (1911) as a monotypic genus for its type species P. gymnodontus . That combination was used by many subsequent authors, as Géry (1977), Malabarba (1998), Pavanelli (2003) and Mirande (2009), until Pavanelli & Oliveira (2009) presented a redescription of the type species and synonymized Psalidodon with Astyanax . We hereby resurrect it from this synonymy and consider Psalidodon as a valid genus. This expanded definition of Psalidodon includes many taxa previously classified in Astyanax , including most species of the Astyanax eigenmanniorum , A. fasciatus and A. scabripinnis groups.

All nomenclatural changes in this paper are summarized in Supporting Information, Appendix 6.