identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C687E2FFF0EE03F0CB57FFDB6A1DD4.text	03C687E2FFF0EE03F0CB57FFDB6A1DD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laonice (Sarsiana) alberti Sikorski, Langeneck & Pavlova 2021	<div><p>Laonice (Sarsiana) alberti Sikorski, Langeneck &amp; Pavlova sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1, 2 A–H, 4)</p><p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4D214346-F738-43B2-AEE0-A6D82B53EDA8</p><p>Laonice sp.— Langeneck et al. 2017: 143.</p><p>Laonice (Sarsiana) sp. A—Langeneck et al. 2019: 87.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype (MOM INV-0022694) and paratype (MOM INV-0022695): Malta <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.434&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.531" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.434/lat 36.531)">Escarpment</a>, Central Mediterranean Sea, R / V Urania, Project BIOFUN, St. 1, 36.5310°N 15.4340°E, 1200 m, 8– 19.05.2009 . Paratype (MNCN 16.01 /18547): Balearic slope, NW Mediterranean Sea, R / V Urania, Project BIOFUN, St. 28 B 2400, 38.9433°N 3.6469°E, 2346 m, clayish silt, 07.05.2010 . Paratype (DBUA0002347.01): open slope of Blanes submarine canyon, NW Mediterranean Sea, R / V <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.5055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.85/lat 41.5055)">Garca del Cid</a>, Project DOS MARES, Cruise DM3, trawl code DM3 P2, 41.5055N 02.8500E, 1200 m, 10.10.2012 .</p><p>Additional non type material, possibly belonging to the same species (DBUA0002235.03): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-6.6468&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.2978" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -6.6468/lat 35.2978)">Mercator</a> mud volcano, Gulf of Cadiz, off Morocco, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, R / V Maria S. Merian, MSM 01-03, St. 242, 35.2978ºN 6.6468ºW, 350 m, 06.05.2006 .</p><p>Description. All specimens incomplete (50 chaetigers in holotype), consisting of anterior fragments 0.8–0.9 mm wide.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide, triangular (holotype) to bell-shaped (paratype MOM INV-0022695), with very small apical incision (Figs 1 and 2A); antero-lateral corners connecting to peristomium by very thin and nearly inconspicuous ventral folds hidden in the groove between prostomium and peristomium (Figs 1 and 2B). Prostomium narrowing backwards at first gradually until the fore level of the first pair of parapodia, and then abruptly, merging posteriorly with the caruncle. One pair of faint eyespots (paratype MOM INV-0022695). Occipital antenna very short, erect and finger-like, inserted at the end of the prostomium, just at the rear level of the first pair of parapodia. Palps lost from all specimens. Nuchal organs as double U-shaped ciliary bands extending posteriorly to chaetigers 5–7 (Fig. 2A). Body width uniform along its length.</p><p>Branchiae from chaetiger 2, continuing posteriorly to the end of fragments (chaetiger 38 in holotype; chaetigers 31–39 in paratypes,). Branchiae free, initially slightly longer than the notopodial postchaetal lamellae, increasing its length significantly just after the end of the nuchal organs and becoming twice as long as the notopodial postchaetal lamellae after chaetiger 10–12. Length of the longest branchiae up to half of body width.</p><p>Notopodial prechaetal lamellae not particularly conspicuous. Longest notopodial postchaetal lamellae at chaetigers 5–12, gradually diminishing posteriorly. Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of the first 3 segments with moderately pronounced upper tips (Fig. 2D), upper margins of all subsequent notopodial postchaetal lamellae broadly oval (Fig. 2 E–F).</p><p>Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae not visible. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae triangular throughout the body (Fig. 2 D–E).</p><p>Continuous transverse dorsal crests absent in midbody segments, where the notopodial postchaetal lamellae are fused with quite long crests on the dorsal surface, however without connecting mid-dorsally (Fig. 2C).</p><p>Inter-parapodial pouches present from chaetigers 21–34, until the posterior end of the fragments.</p><p>Anterior parapodia with capillary chaetae arranged in two vertical rows both in notopodia and neuropodia. Neuropodial hooded hooks appearing from chaetiger 35–38, numbering 8–10 per bundle, appearing bidentate in the lateral view (Fig. 2G), but with paired apical teeth above main fang (Fig. 2H). Single sabre chaeta appearing in the lower part of the neuropodial bundle from chaetiger 20–22 (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Pygidium unknown.</p><p>No specific pigmentation observed.</p><p>Staining in Methyl Green. No specific staining pattern observed.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Professor Alberto Castelli (University of Pisa, Italy), who provided the material that enabled the establishment of the new species, in recognition of his numerous and important contributions to the knowledge of the Mediterranean fauna of polychaetes.</p><p>Distribution. Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea: Blanes submarine canyon, Balearic slope and Malta escarpment, (Fig. 4). 1200–2346 m. Probably: Gulf of Cadiz (Mercator mud volcano), 350 m.</p><p>Remarks. Laonice (Sarsiana) alberti sp. nov. belongs to the subgenus Sarsiana due to the presence of short nuchal organs with a narrow range of length variation, and due to a prostomium and peristomium fused only by a membrane, inconspicuous when observed in dorsal view (although the membrane may also be hidden in the groove between prostomium and peristomium). While the material examined only showed neuropodial hooks, notopodial hooks might be present in the posterior-most parapodia of complete specimens, as they are known to occur in other species within the subgenus Sarsiana, and especially in those having prostomium and peristomium fused by a membrane. The new species has relatively short nuchal organs. Two species of the subgenus Sarsiana: L. (S.) papillibranchiae Ward, 1981 and L. (S.) junoyi Aguirrezabalaga &amp; Ceberio, 2005 are characterized by having also short nuchal organs extending up to chaetigers 4–6 and 6–7 respectively (5–7 in L. (S.) alberti sp. nov.), though the prostomium is not fused with the peristomium in any way. In addition, inter-parapodial pouches in those species appear on chaetiger 12 and 8–9, respectively, against 21–34 in the new species. Two other deep-sea species, namely L. (S.) asaccata Sigvaldadóttir &amp; Desbruyres, 2003, and L. (S.) shamrockensis Sikorski, 2003, also have short nuchal organs (up to chaetigers 4 and 5, respectively), but their prostomium is clearly fused with the peristomium in the anterior margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687E2FFF0EE03F0CB57FFDB6A1DD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sikorski, Andrey V.;Pavlova, Lyudmila V.;Sardá, Rafael;Langeneck, Joachim;Gil, João;Ravara, Ascensão	Sikorski, Andrey V., Pavlova, Lyudmila V., Sardá, Rafael, Langeneck, Joachim, Gil, João, Ravara, Ascensão (2021): Two new deep-sea species of Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 4908 (4): 515-526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.4.5
03C687E2FFF6EE00F0CB5144DBF81C88.text	03C687E2FFF6EE00F0CB5144DBF81C88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laonice (Appelloefia) barcinensis Sikorski & Pavlova & Sardá & Langeneck & Gil & Ravara 2021	<div><p>Laonice (Appelloefia) barcinensis Sikorski sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 3 A–K, 4)</p><p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EC9FFD05-5EDF-46F7-A2C5-00874FCEC69C</p><p>Laonice bahusiensis — Sardá et al., 2009: 4, table 2. Material examined. Holotype (MNCN 16.01 /18548): Foix submarine canyon, SW Barcelona, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.1994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.1993" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.1994/lat 4.1993)">NW Mediterranean Sea</a>, Projects EC-EUROMARGE-NB / CICYT-CONCENTRA, St. 05C21, 41.0333ºN 01.9333ºE, sediment trap moored 30 m above a sea ground 990 m deep, 04.1993–04.1994.</p><p>Three paratypes from Foix submarine canyon, SW Barcelona, NW Mediterranean Sea, Projects EC-EURO-MARGE-NB / CICYT-CONCENTRA: St. 01C22, 40.9833ºN 02.0333ºE, sediment trap moored 30 m above a sea bed 1195 m deep, 04.1993–04.1994 (MNCN 16.01 /18676); St. 01C24 and St. 02C24, 41.0333ºN 01.9333ºE, sediment trap moored 500 m above a sea bed 990 m deep, 04.1993–04.1994 (MNCN 16.01 /18677 and MNCN 16.01 /18617) .</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, 126 chaetigers, 32 mm long, and 1.2 mm wide at about chaetiger 10. One paratype (MNCN 16.01/18676) complete—99 chaetigers, two other paratypes fragmented, however with pygidial fragments. Worms up to 61 mm long for 142 chaetigers, and 1.6 mm wide at chaetigers 7–12.</p><p>Prostomium longer than wide, from almost triangular, slightly T-shaped (Fig. 3A) to almost quadrangular, with anterior margin truncated or slightly rounded with slight concavity, and completely separated from the peristomium at the anterior edges. Eyespots nearly invisible, smaller individuals may show one pair of faint (probably deeply embedded) eye-strips close to the base of the occipital antenna. Occipital antenna long and very thin (as long as or longer than notopodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 1), ending in a thread-like tip, usually vertically erect, sometimes with middle bulbous enlargement, and inserted at the end of the prostomium. Intact palps lost from all specimens (one very short, torn off palp present in the sample MNCN 16.01/18617). Nuchal organs as long double U-shaped ciliary bands extending posteriorly to chaetigers 9–11 (Fig. 3A). Anterior region of body (i.e. anterior segments bearing the nuchal organs plus the following one to approximately 10 anterior chaetigers) approximately 1.5 times wider than subsequent segments.</p><p>Branchiae from chaetiger 2, present nearly along the entire body, although absent in the 18–19 posterior-most chaetigers. Branchiae free, one third shorter than notopodial postchaetal lamellae until chaetiger 4, then gradually increasing in length and reaching about the same length as the notopodial postchaetal lamellae at chaetiger 7–9 (Fig. 3A,C), and becoming 1.2–1.3 times longer than notopodial postchaetal lamellae on subsequent segments (Fig. 3B, D–F), except in the very posterior ones, where they become about one third shorter (Fig. 3G). Branchiae from the mid-body ending in a threadlike process (Fig. 3F), posterior-most branchiae thin, subulate (Fig. 3G).</p><p>Notopodial prechaetal lamellae visible from chaetiger 3 to 12–22, attaining maximum size on chaetigers 9–10 (approx. 0.4 the length of notopodial postchaetal lamellae). Longest notopodial postchaetal lamellae at chaetigers 7–25. Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of the first 4–7 chaetigers leaf-like with elongated pointed tips (Fig. 3C), more obtuse afterwards, with broadly rounded upper margins on chaetigers posterior to nuchal organs (Fig. 3 D–E), lacking an upwardly extension after chaetiger 45 (Fig. 3F), becoming lanceolate at chaetiger 85 (Fig. 3G) and finally disappearing 4 segments before pygidium.</p><p>Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae visible from chaetiger 2 to 12–13, reaching maximum size in chaetigers 7–9. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae reaching their maximum size on chaetigers 8–17 (Fig. 3C), then gradually diminishing further back, becoming very short on the posterior 40–45 chaetigers (Fig. 3G). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae bearing acute upwardly turned tips on the first 7 chaetigers (Fig. 3C), with a peak gradually shifting along the margin of the lamella afterwards and becoming less evident (Figs. 3 D–E); neuropodial postchaetal lamellae with acute tips in the posterior half of body again (Fig. 3 F–G).</p><p>Transverse dorsal crests connecting bases of notopodial postchaetal lamellae (Fig. 3B) from chaetiger 12–15 to chaetiger 50–74. Transverse dorsal crests generally low, attaining maximum height between chaetigers 15–47.</p><p>Inter-parapodial pouches from chaetigers 5–8 to nearly the end of the body, ending 5–7 chaetigers before pygidium. The inter-parapodial pouches may start from unpaired segments on opposite sides of the same specimen (difference of up to 2 segments).</p><p>Anterior parapodia with notopodial capillary chaetae arranged in more than 2 vertical rows in chaetigers 1–15 (with up to 6 rows in chaetigers 8–10), in 2 vertical rows from chaetiger 16; and neuropodial capillaries arranged in more than 2 vertical rows in the 12 anterior most chaetigers (Fig. 3C), in 2 rows only on more posterior chaetigers. Neuropodial hooded hooks appearing from chaetiger 19–22, numbering 9–11 per bundle, and bearing 3 apical teeth above the main fang (Fig. 3 H–I, K). Sabre chaetae appearing from chaetiger 11–12, numbering at first 3–4 per bundle, and then 1–2 from chaetiger 16.</p><p>Pygidium with a pair of short ventral lobes and two pairs of thin and long, threadlike lateral anal cirri (Fig. 3J).</p><p>No specific pigmentation observed.</p><p>Staining in Methyl Green. Anterior margin of prostomium and peristomium, occipital antenna, margins of postchaetal lamellae and small oval lateral spots between notopodia and neuropodia visibly staining more intensely than adjacent parts of body.</p><p>Etymology. The name barcinensis is derived from Barcino, ancient Latin name of Barcelona, and is given to this species in honor of the city of Barcelona, located close to the type locality of the new species.</p><p>Distribution. Mediterranean Sea (Fig. 4): Foix submarine canyon (off NE Spain), in sediment traps moored 30 m above a seabed 990–1195 m deep, and 500 m above a seabed 990 m deep.</p><p>Remarks. Laonice (Appelloefia) barcinensis sp. nov. is morphologically very similar to L. (A.) appelloefi Ŝderstr̂m, 1920 and L. (A.) maciolekae Aguirrezabalaga &amp; Ceberio, 2005 (synonymized with L. appelloefi in Meissner et al., 2014). However, branchiae and inter-parapodial pouches were only observed in L. appelloefi on a limited number of segments, whereas in the new species these structures are present through almost the entire length of the body, with the exception of the last posterior-most segments. These two characters suggest that the new species is similar to Laonice (Norgensia) norgensis Sikorski, 2003, but this species has much longer nuchal organs, reaching chaetiger 15–29, and the inter-parapodial pouches appear from chaetiger 8–17 (against chaetiger 5–8 in L. barcinensis sp. nov.).</p><p>It is remarkable to notice how large adult worms of several dozens of milligrams of wet weight (Sardá et al. 2009), belonging to a typically benthic genus, seem able to reach sediment traps moored as high as 500 m above the seabed. Sardá et al. (2009) hypothesized that the existence of a highly turbulent environment associated with the transport of large amounts of water and sediment inside the Mediterranean submarine canyons (Canals et al. 2006), along with their strong bottom currents and resuspension events, would be responsible for the mobilization of sediment and benthic and epibenthic species into the water column. Such resuspension could even transport the specimens, up to hundreds of meters above the seabed where they normally live, reaching this way the sediment traps where they were found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687E2FFF6EE00F0CB5144DBF81C88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sikorski, Andrey V.;Pavlova, Lyudmila V.;Sardá, Rafael;Langeneck, Joachim;Gil, João;Ravara, Ascensão	Sikorski, Andrey V., Pavlova, Lyudmila V., Sardá, Rafael, Langeneck, Joachim, Gil, João, Ravara, Ascensão (2021): Two new deep-sea species of Laonice (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa 4908 (4): 515-526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.4.5
