identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BE4797BFBA9EAF3A08E923D15D9D6CC6.text	BE4797BFBA9EAF3A08E923D15D9D6CC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus Walckenaer 1805	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Pholcidae</p><p>Genus Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE4797BFBA9EAF3A08E923D15D9D6CC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Bao-Shi;Zhang, Feng;Liu, Jing-Ze	Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Jing-Ze (2016): Three new spider species of the genus Pholcus from the Taihang Mountains of China (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 600: 53-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924
8AF1F7506E5685B5785E67D8FF854CC6.text	8AF1F7506E5685B5785E67D8FF854CC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus papillatus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Pholcidae</p><p>Pholcus papillatus sp. n. Figs 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: male (MHBU), CHINA: Hebei Province, Fuping County, Longquanguan Town, Liaodaobei Village, 38°16'N, 114°17'E, alt. 1700 m, 6 August 2014, B.S. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 1 male and 3 females (MHBU), same data as in holotype.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is from Latin word “papillatus”, in reference to the shape of epigynal apophysis; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Narrow, long pseudo-appendix originating from the uncus (Fig. 2B). Distinguished from similar species with a pseudo-appendix by: palpal bulb with longer uncus, procursus with one spine-shaped projection and one hook-shaped membranous projection on tip (Figs 1 A–D, 2 A–B, 3 A–D). The females of the new species are distinguished from females of similar species by the larger teat-shaped epigynal apophysis (Figs 2E, 4F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.90 (5.10 with clypeus), prosoma 1.40 long, 1.52 wide, opisthosoma 3.36 long, 1.68 wide. Habitus as in Fig. 4 A–C . Dorsal shield of prosoma pale grey, with dark brown radiated stripes and bands marginally; thoracic groove distinct; ocular area elevated, with short eye-stalks; ocular area yellow-brown, with a median dark brown band and two lateral dark brown bands beside PLEs, dorsal prosoma and ocular area both with dispersed dark brown spots, of them, two distinct spots behind PMEs; clypeus 0.23 high, dark brown, with light margin. Diameter AME 0.08, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.13. Distance AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.24, PME-PLE 0.04, ALE-ALE 0.62, PLE-PLE 0.78. MOA 0.23 long, front width 0.23, back width 0.46. Chelicerae as in Figs 2 C–D and 4 D–E, with pair of black apophyses distally, pair of unsclerotized, small and nearly nipple-shaped apophyses proximolaterally and frontally. Labium and endites dark brown, distal part pale, labium wider than long (0.32/0.15). Sternum wider than long (1.04/0.77), dark brown, median part of sternum light. Legs long, brown, but dark brown on proximal parts of tibiae, and on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with whitish on subdistal parts of femora and tibiae. Measurements of legs: I 36.78 (9.59 + 0.59 + 9.69 + 15.43 + 1.48), II 26.81 (7.37 + 0.55 + 5.89 + 11.61 + 1.39), III 22.46 (6.55 + 0.61 + 5.42 + 8.59 + 1.29), IV 24.58 (7.06 + 0.53 + 5.74 + 9.89 + 1.36); tibia I L/d: 62. Leg formula: 1243. Opisthosoma pale grey, with dark spots dorsally and laterally. Pedipalpi illustrated in Figs 1 A–D and 3 A–D; trochanter with a long ventral apophysis; tibia with a small projection prolaterally; procursus simple proximally and complex distally, dorsal spines present; uncus with a pseudo-appendix, the tip of uncus long and bent; embolus weakly sclerotized.</p><p>Female. Generaly similar to male. One specimen measured: total length 4.58 (4.80 with clypeus), prosoma 1.34 long, 1.46 wide, opisthosoma 3.09 long, 1.44 wide. clypeus 0.23 high. Diameter AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.11. Distance AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.19, PME-PLE 0.04, ALE-ALE 0.50, PLE-PLE 0.64. MOA 0.24 long, front width 0.18, back width 0.39. labium wider than long (0.31/0.18). Sternum wider than long (1.00/0.74). Measurements of legs: I 36.60 (9.55 + 0.58 + 9.59 + 15.41 + 1.47), II 26.66 (7.33 + 0.54 + 5.88 + 11.54 + 1.37), III 22.32 (6.51 + 0.58 + 5.38 + 8.58 + 1.27), IV 24.49 (7.01 + 0.52 + 5.72 + 9.88 + 1.36); tibia I L/d: 60. Leg formula: 1243. Epigynum (Figs 2E and 4F) brown, roughly triangular, with distinct patterns and a teat-shaped apophysis on the top. Dorsal view of vulva (Figs 2F and 4G) with a rainbow-shaped, sclerotized arch anteriorly and two long ovoid pore plates, and a nearly meniscate sclerite.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Male: Total body length: 4.58, 4.90. Tibia I (n = 2): 8.96, 9.59 (mean: 9.28). Female: Total body length: 4.58, 4.63, 4.81. Tibia I (n = 3): 9.55, 9.70, 9.78 (mean 9.68).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The females also resemble Pholcus foliaceus Peng &amp; Zhang, 2013, but can be distinguished by the precurved margin of anterior plate of the epigynum and the long ovoid pore plates (Figs 2 E–F, 4 F–G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AF1F7506E5685B5785E67D8FF854CC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Bao-Shi;Zhang, Feng;Liu, Jing-Ze	Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Jing-Ze (2016): Three new spider species of the genus Pholcus from the Taihang Mountains of China (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 600: 53-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924
B9892507D8B03FC263C652B09F774407.text	B9892507D8B03FC263C652B09F774407.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus curvus	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Pholcidae</p><p>Pholcus curvus sp. n. Figs 5, 6, 7, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: male (MHBU), CHINA: Hebei Province, Fuping County, Longquanguan Town, Heiyagou Village, 38°16'N, 114°05'E, alt. 900 m, 5 August 2014, B.S. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 2 males and 8 females (MHBU), same data as in holotype.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is from the Latin word “curvus”, in reference to the shape of the palpal uncus; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Distinguished by the S-shaped tip of uncus, the long and curve beak-shaped tip of the procursus, the hat-shaped membranous projection near tip, the small and almost quadrate-shaped epigynal apophysis (Figs 5 A–D, 7 A–D, 6E, 8F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.50 (4.63 with clypeus), prosoma 1.36 long, 1.41 wide, opisthosoma 2.85 long, 1.24 wide. Habitus as in Fig. 8 A–C . Dorsal shield of prosoma pale grey, with brown radiated stripes and bands marginally; thoracic groove distinct; ocular area elevated, with short eye-stalks; ocular area yellow-brown, with a median brown band and two lateral brown bands beside PLEs, dorsal prosoma and ocular area both with dispersed brown spots, of them, two distinct spots behind PMEs; clypeus 0.20 high, brown. Diameter AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.15, PLE 0.13. Distance AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.24, PME-PLE 0.06, ALE-ALE 0.49, PLE-PLE 0.62. MOA 0.24 long, front width 0.22, back width 0.42. Chelicerae as in Figs 6 C–D and 8 D–E, with pair of black apophyses, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally, and pair of nearly long finger-shaped apophyses frontally. Labium and endites brown, distal part pale, labium wider than long (0.32/0.17). Sternum wider than long (1.00/0.72), brown, median part of sternum light. Legs long, brown, with two dark brown ring spots on proximal parts of femora and four dark brown ring spots on tibiae. Measurements of legs: I 33.98 (9.57 + 0.53 + 9.23 + 13.23 + 1.42), II 24.63 (6.96 + 0.58 + 6.30 + 9.49 + 1.30), III 17.75 (5.22 + 0.41 + 4.32 + 6.79 + 1.01), IV 23.52 (6.90 + 0.47 + 5.89 + 9.16 + 1.10); tibia I L/d: 60. Leg formula: 1243. Opisthosoma pale grey, with dark spots dorsally and laterally. Pedipalpi as in Figs 5 A–D and 7 A–D; trochanter with a moderate ventral apophysis; proximal femur with a small apophysis retrolaterally; tibia with a sheet-shaped projection prolaterally; procursus simple and tip with a narrow process, dorsal spines present; uncus long and bent, with a scaly edge; embolus weakly sclerotized.</p><p>Female. Generaly similar to the male. One specimens measured: total length 5.09 (5.26 with clypeus), prosoma 1.27 long, 1.52 wide, opisthosoma 3.59 long, 1.61 wide, clypeus 0.20 high. Diameter AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.13, PLE 0.12. Distance AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.05, ALE-ALE 0.45, PLE-PLE 0.59. MOA 0.25 long, front width 0.14, back width 0.36. Labium wider than long (0.31/0.17). Sternum wider than long (1.05/0.79). Measurements of legs: I 32.15 (7.99 + 0.55 + 8.09 + 13.42 + 2.10), II 20.24 (6.31 + 0.42 + 5.60 + 6.55 + 1.36), III 17.40 (4.71 + 0.55 + 3.87 + 6.95 + 1.32), IV 20.12 (6.03 + 0.64 + 5.53 + 6.55 + 1.37); tibia I L/d: 50. Leg formula: 1243. Epigynum (Figs 6E and 8F) brown, roughly striped with distinct patterns and an almost quadrate-shaped apophysis on the top. Dorsal view of vulva (Figs 6F and 8G) with a rainbow-shaped, sclerotized arch anteriorly, two bent pore plates, and two long and bent sclerites.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Male: Total body length: 4.38, 4.43, 4.50. Tibia I (n = 3): 9.36, 9.46, 9.57 (mean: 9.46). Female: Total body length 4.78-5.09. Tibia I (n = 8): 7.65-7.99 (mean 7.81).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Among the Pholcus phungiformes group, the males of the new species resemble Pholcus hamatus Tong &amp; Ji, 2010 by the following: uncus with a narrow, long and bent tip and a robust apophysis, without appendix and pseudo-appendix (Figs 5A, 6 A–B, 7A). The females of the new species are distinguished from those of Pholcus hamatus by the small and almost quadrate-shaped epigynal apophysis (Figs 6E, 8F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9892507D8B03FC263C652B09F774407	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Bao-Shi;Zhang, Feng;Liu, Jing-Ze	Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Jing-Ze (2016): Three new spider species of the genus Pholcus from the Taihang Mountains of China (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 600: 53-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924
1E814955DEF3F876E3A312C937FA1892.text	1E814955DEF3F876E3A312C937FA1892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pholcus auricularis	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Pholcidae</p><p>Pholcus auricularis sp. n. Figs 9, 10, 11, 12</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: male (MHBU), CHINA: Hebei Province, Fuping County, Longquanguan Town, Liaodaobei Village, 38°16'N, 114°17'E, alt. 1050 m, 5 August 2014, B.S. Zhang leg. Paratypes: 6 females (MHBU), same data as in holotype.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is from the Latin word “auricularis”, in reference to the shape of pedipalpi; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis .</p><p>Distinguished by the combination of the following characters: uncus thin, ear-shaped, the tip of procursus thin and extending downward, epigynal apophysis short, thin and clavate, the tip thinner (Figs 9 A–D, 10 A–B, 10E, 11 A–D, 12F).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 4.13 (5.32 with clypeus), prosoma 1.07 long, 1.19 wide, opisthosoma 2.87 long, 1.54 wide. Habitus as in Figs 12 A–C . Dorsal shield of prosoma pale grey, with brown radiated stripes and bands marginally; thoracic groove absent; ocular area elevated, with short eye-stalks; ocular area pale grey, with a wide median brown band and two lateral brown bands beside PLEs, dorsal prosoma and ocular area both with dispersed dark brown spots, of them, two distinct spots behind PMEs; clypeus 0.21 high, pale grey, median part with brown patch. Diameter AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09. Distance AME-AME 0.04, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.06, ALE-ALE 0.47, PLE-PLE 0.54. MOA 0.24 long, front width 0.16, back width 0.35. Chelicerae as in Figs 10C-D and 12D-E, with pair of long apophyses distally and prolateral part black, pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally, and pair of nearly nipple-shaped apophyses frontally. Labium and endites brown, distal part pale, labium wider than long (0.27/0.19). Sternum wider than long (0.73/0.58), brown, median part of sternum light, margin pale grey. Legs long, pale grey, with four brown ring spots on femora and tibiae, one brown ring spot on proximal parts of metatarsi. Measurements of legs: I 21.14 (5.61 + 0.44 + 5.61 + 7.87 + 1.61), II 15.13 (4.54 + 0.27 + 3.75 + 5.34 + 1.23), III 11.14 (3.15 + 0.34 + 2.72 + 3.90 + 1.03), IV 14.89 (4.22 + 0.30 + 3.69 + 5.28 + 1.40); tibia I L/d: 51. Leg formula: 1243. Opisthosoma pale grey, with dark spots dorsally and laterally. Pedipalpi as in Figs 9 A–D and 11 A–D; trochanter with a moderate ventral apophysis; tibia with a sheet-shaped projection prolaterally; procursus simple, its tip extending downward, dorsal spines absent; uncus and embolus weakly sclerotized.</p><p>Female. Similar to male. One specimen measured: total length 4.95 (5.12 with clypeus), prosoma 1.35 long, 1.48 wide, opisthosoma 3.42 long, 2.35 wide. clypeus 0.22 high, yellow. Diameter AME 0.04, ALE 0.10, PME 0.10, PLE 0.12. Distance AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.06, ALE-ALE 0.50, PLE-PLE 0.61. MOA 0.21 long, front width 0.19, back width 0.37. Labium wider than long (0.27/0.18). Sternum wider than long (0.97/0.75). Measurements of legs: I 21.82 (7.00 + 0.56 + 5.59 + 7.42 + 1.25), II 18.03 (5.23 + 0.55 + 4.57 + 6.53 + 1.15), III 13.44 (3.80 + 0.39 + 3.31 + 4.91 + 1.03), IV 17.74 (4.86 + 0.52 + 4.48 + 6.69 + 1.19); tibia I L/d: 63. Leg formula: 1243. Epigynum (Figs 10E and 12F) brown, roughly triangular, with distinct patterns and a short rod-like apophysis on the top. Dorsal view of vulva (Figs 10F and 12G) with an M-shaped, sclerotized arch anteriorly, two closely spaced semilunar pore plates.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Female: Total body length 4.68-4.95. Tibia I (n = 6): 6.56-7.00 (mean 6.86).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Among the Pholcus phungiformes group, the new species resembles Pholcus alloctospilus Zhu &amp; Gong, 1991 and Pholcus fengchen Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2009, but can be distinguished from those by: the short and thick club-shaped projection on tip of procursus, chitinized plate of the epigynum triangular arch (Figs 9 C–D, 10E, 11 C–D, 12F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E814955DEF3F876E3A312C937FA1892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Bao-Shi;Zhang, Feng;Liu, Jing-Ze	Zhang, Bao-Shi, Zhang, Feng, Liu, Jing-Ze (2016): Three new spider species of the genus Pholcus from the Taihang Mountains of China (Araneae, Pholcidae). ZooKeys 600: 53-74, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.600.7924
