identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C7879FB230FFABFDF7F981FB71FAF7.text	03C7879FB230FFABFDF7F981FB71FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asteronyx loveni Muller & Troschel 1842	<div><p>Asteronyx loveni Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842</p><p>Figs 2, 3A–B, 4A, D–E</p><p>Asteronyx loveni Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842: 119, pl. X figs 3–5.</p><p>Ophiuropsis lymani Studer, 1884: 55, pl. V figs 12a–d.</p><p>Asteronyx locardi Koehler, 1895: 470–471, fig. 10</p><p>Asteronyx loveni – Clark 1923: 314–315. — Mortensen 1927: 158–160, fig. 90 — Paterson, 1985: 13–15, fig. 15.</p><p>Asteronyx locardi – Koehler 1896: 88–89, pl. 3 fig. 25.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MAURITANIA • 1 spec., 25.22 mm dd; 19°34′14′′– 19°31′34′′ N, 17°31′44′′– 17°30′21′′ W; depth 1689– 1628 m; 23 Nov. 2007; Maurit-1107 exped.; stn MU22; Maurit-1107-04528; LZM-UV • 12 specs, 6.08–21.71 mm dd; 19°25′29″– 19°22′44″ N, 17°33′17″– 17°32′11″ W; depth 1778–1811 m; 26 Nov. 2007; Maurit-1107 exped.; stn MU31; Maurit-1107-05231; LZM-UV • 10 specs, 6.83–19.28 mm dd; 19°55′41″– 19°53′05″ N, 18°01′07″– 18°02′01″ W; depth 1808–1862 m; 21 Nov. 2008; Maurit-0811 exped.;stn MU92; Maurit-0811-03931; LZM-UV • 4 specs, 64.90– 22.98 mm dd; 19°51′02″– 19°49′33″ N, 17°55′33″– 17°53′00″ W; depth 1740–1769 m; 21 Nov. 2008; Maurit-0811 exped.; stn MU93; Maurit-0811-03725; LZM-UV • 2 specs, 9.60–12.56 mm dd; 19°35′15″– 19°32′43″ N, 17°35′13″– 17°33′37″ W; depth 1720–1734 m; 21 Nov. 2008; Maurit-0811 exped.; stn MU94; Maurit-0811-03928; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 11.07 mm dd; 19°59′28″– 19°59′01″ N, 17°57′28″– 17°59′07″ W; depth 1746–1749 m; 22 Nov. 2009; Maurit-0911 exped.; stn MU193; Maurit-0911-03154; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 25.74 mm dd; 16°08′44″– 16°11′14″ N, 17°10′08″– 17°08′40″ W; depth 1595 m; 6 Dec. 2010; Maurit-1011 exped.; stn MU274; Maurit-1011-02982; LZM-UV .</p><p>WESTERN SAHARA • 1 spec., 11.01 mm dd; 21°33′13″– 21°36′08″ N, 18°07′26″– 18°07′09″ W; depth 1860– 1820 m; 17 Nov. 2006; Maroc-0611 exped.; stn MO198; Maroc-0611-16135; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 5.81 mm dd; 22°59′13″– 22°56′19″ N, 17°37′30″– 17°38′12″ W; depth 1562–1577 m; 26 Nov. 2006; Maroc-0611 exped.; stn MO230; Maroc-0611-16155; LZM-UV.</p><p>GUINEA BISSAU • 2 specs, 13.24–18.81 mm dd; 10°01′18″– 10°00′24″ N, 17°24′56″– 17°25′05″ W; depth 902–908 m; 29 Oct. 2008; Bissau-0810 exp.; stn BS166; Bissau-0811-06529; LZM-UV .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Asteronyx loveni Müller &amp; Troschel, 1842 is a circumglobal species, widely distributed across the three major oceans (Indian, Pacific and Atlantic). In the Atlantic Ocean, it has been recorded on both sides: in the West Atlantic, from North USA to West Indies (Hernández-Herrejón et al. 2008), and in the East Atlantic, from Norway (Döderlein 1911) to South Africa (Mortensen 1933). It also has a wide bathymetric distribution, ranging from 100 to 4721 m (Smirnov et al. 2014).</p><p>We collected the species at eleven stations from Western Sahara, Mauritania and Guinea-Bissau waters, between 902 and 1862 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This is a deep-sea-water species generally associated with gorgonians and pennatularians (Mortensen 1927). Our specimens were always associated with pennatularians Distichoptilum gracile Verrill, 1882 and Anthoptilum murrayi Kölliker, 1880 . Living colour of the species is cream or pinkish orange, more intense in the central part of the disc. The innermost arm spine much larger than the other spines and a hooked arm spine at the tip of the arm are the most distinctive characteristic for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7879FB230FFABFDF7F981FB71FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calero, Belén;Ramil, Fran	Calero, Belén, Ramil, Fran (2023): Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 870: 46-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117
03C7879FB232FFA7FDC2FA01FCE0FD07.text	03C7879FB232FFA7FDC2FA01FCE0FD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asteroschema inornatum Koehler 1906	<div><p>Asteroschema inornatum Koehler, 1906</p><p>Figs 3C, 4B, F–G, 5</p><p>Asteroschema inornatum – Koehler, 1906: 30–31, pl. III figs 45, 47.</p><p>Asteroschema inornatum – Koehler, 1906b: 303–304, pl. XXI figs 46–47; 1909: 205, pl. VII fig. 1. — Gage et al., 1983: 288 — Paterson, 1985: 16, fig. 10.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>WESTERN SAHARA • 6 specs, 7.36–9.91 mm dd; 26°40′20″– 26°40′59″ N, 14°33′14″– 14°29′55″ W; depth 1294– 1151 m; 5 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO162; Maroc-0511-16532; LZM-UV • 3 specs, 5.62–11.09 mm dd; 26°33′21″– 26°35′04″ N, 14°33′16″– 14°36′07″ W; depth 1313–1469 m; 7 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO169; Maroc-0511-16716; LZM-UV • 10 specs, 5.61–9.71 mm dd; 26°39′46″– 26°41′48″ N, 14°45′20″– 14°42′44″W; depth 1593– 1588 m; 8 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO171; Maroc-0511-16767; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 4.76 mm dd; 26°32′37″– 26°30′44″ N, 14°46′45″– 14°49′31″ W; depth 1004–1031 m; 8 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO172; Maroc-0511- 16711; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 7.75 mm dd; 26°12′42″– 26°10′34″ N, 15°27′44″– 15°25′15″ W; depth 1371– 1250 m; 12 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO184; Maroc-0511 -16703; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 14.23 mm dd; 23°15′08″– 23°18′11″ N, 17°23′29″– 17°24′17″ W; depth 1341– 1338 m; 27 Nov. 2006; Maroc-0611 exped.; stn MO237; Maroc-0611-07763; LZM-UV.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Asteroschema inornatum Koehler, 1906 is considered as an endemic species for the Northeast Atlantic (Paterson 1985). The species was recorded from the Reykjanes Ridge and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, southeast of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (Martynov &amp; Litvinova 2008), from 36°32.26′ N to 33°27.40′ W (Stöhr &amp; Segonzac 2006), Rockall Trough (Gage et al. 1983), Bay of Biscay (Paterson 1985), Northwest Spain (Paterson 1985), off Azores (Koehler 1909; Paterson 1985) and off Madeira (Berry 1938; Smirnov et al. 2014). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 1300 (Martynov &amp; Litvinova 2008) to 4140 m (Madsen 1951).</p><p>We collected the species at six stations located off Western Sahara, between 1004 and 1593 m, normally associated with gorgonians.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The records in waters of Western Sahara extend the geographical distribution of the species to the south and represent the first report of A. inornatum in African waters. Our record at 1004–1031 m depth (Stn MO172) also increase its bathymetric range to shallower waters. Living colour of the species is orange pink and grayish in the interadial areas of the disc.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7879FB232FFA7FDC2FA01FCE0FD07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calero, Belén;Ramil, Fran	Calero, Belén, Ramil, Fran (2023): Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 870: 46-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117
03C7879FB23EFFA0FDB9FC97FB4BFDD5.text	03C7879FB23EFFA0FDB9FC97FB4BFDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocreas oedipus Lyman 1879	<div><p>Ophiocreas oedipus Lyman, 1879</p><p>Figs 3D, 4C, H–I, 6</p><p>Ophiocreas oedipus – Lyman, 1879: 65, pl. XVI figs 443–446.</p><p>Ophiocreas oedipus – Lyman, 1882: 283, pl. XXXI figs 5–8, pl. XLVI fig. 1. — Koehler, 1909: 206, pl. VII fig. 2. — Clark, 1911: 283. — Paterson 1985: 18, fig. 10. — McKnight, 1993: 174.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>WESTERN SAHARA • 1 spec., 10.42 mm dd; 26°39′46″– 26°41′48″ N, 14°45′20″– 14°42′44″ W; depth 1593– 1588 m; 8 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO171; Maroc-0511-16715; LZM-UV • 1 spec., 10.88 mm dd; 26°23′25″– 26°26′32″ N, 15°17′44″– 15°18′14″ W; depth 1615–1755 m; 11 Dec. 2005; Maroc-0511 exped.; stn MO181; Maroc-051107632; LZM-UV.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Ophiocreas oedipus Lyman, 1879 has a wide geographical distribution in warm and temperate waters. It has been recorded in the Indo-Pacific area (New Zealand to Japan) (Koehler 1904; Clark 1911; Baker 1980; McKnight 1993), between 350 (material deposited in MNHN) and 1994 m (Koehler 1904). In the Atlantic Ocean, it was reported from Ascension Island between 756 and 778 m (Lyman 1882), Madeira from 1500 to 1968 m (Koehler 1909) and from several Northwest Atlantic seamounts (Mosher &amp; Watling 2009; Cho &amp; Shank 2010).</p><p>We collected this species at only four stations in Western Sahara, between 909 and 1755 m depth, representing the first record on West African continental margin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Ophiocreas oedipus and Asteroschema inornatum are very similar species. Nevertheless, they can be distinguished chiefly by several characters. In A. inornatum, both dorsal and ventral surfaces are more densely covered by granules, even in juveniles. However, the dorsal granulation on the disc seems to be a slightly variable character in O. oedipus, with different densities of coverage among specimens. Radial shields are quite parallel and aligned with the arms in A. inornatum, giving continuity between the disc and arms; however, in O. oedipus, the radial shields are divergent – closer in the proximal part – and with a marked ridge, forming a border between the disc and arms. Finally, in O. oedipus, the tooth line (not the ventral-most teeth) is truncated, while that of A. inornatum is more pointed. Besides, we found other slight differences between the species: genital slits are smaller and triangular-shaped in A. inornatum and longer and parallel in O. oedipus . In both species, oral papillae are granule-shaped, but these papillae are bigger in A. inornatum . Moreover, in O. oedipus, the arms have well-marked ridges, mostly proximally, and the proximal segments are widened dorsally, creating a median groove along the arm. However, A. inornatum does not have a well-marked ridge, but some specimens show the medial groove along the arm. According to Paterson (1985), these grooves can be related to gonadal development. Living colour of the species is orange-pink with purple hues on the dorsal part, dark underparts, almost black. This species was found, sometimes in large numbers, living on Acanthogorgiidae gorgonians.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7879FB23EFFA0FDB9FC97FB4BFDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calero, Belén;Ramil, Fran	Calero, Belén, Ramil, Fran (2023): Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 870: 46-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117
03C7879FB238FFB9FDA2FEACFBFBFECA.text	03C7879FB238FFB9FDA2FEACFBFBFECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astrodendrum juancarlosi Calero & Ramil 2023	<div><p>Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ECD0622E-6FAF-4C72-B102-F1B94D8ECBFB</p><p>Figs 3E–F, 7–9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species with small granule-like external ossicles, ending in a crystalline point, covering the dorsal and lateral interradial areas of the disc. Ventral disc areas and arms covered by domed granule-like external ossicles without any crystalline point. Two or three terminal projections on each arm spine; one secondary teeth on each valve.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ juancarlosi ’ was chosen as a tribute to Mr Juan Carlos Calero, father of the first author.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GUINEA BISSAU • 2 specs, 40.43–56.81 mm dd; 10°18′55″ N, 16°25′07″ W; depth 79 m; 4 Nov. 2008; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS200; Bissau-0810-06403; MNCN 29.02/1534.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GUINEA BISSAU • 2 specs, 28.20–51.16 mm dd; 11°08′07″– 11°09′33″ N, 17°15′20″– 17°15′44″ W; depth 109 m; 29 Oct. 2011; CCLME-1110 exped.; CCLME-1110 exped.; stn BT53; MHN USC-10132 -1 and 2 • 1 spec., 40.43 mm dd; 10°18′55″ N, 16°25′07″ W; depth 79 m; 4 Nov. 2008; Bissau-0810 exped.; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS200; MNCN 29.02/1535 .</p><p>WESTERN SAHARA • 1 spec., 44.62 mm dd; 26°26′23″– 26°25′06″ N, 14°25′30″– 14°26′23″ W; depth 67– 58 m; 29 Nov. 2011; CCLME-1110 exped.; CCLME-1110 exped.; stn BT215; CFM-IEOMA-7776 . • 1 spec., 46.70 mm dd; 14°57′00″– 14°58′09″ N, 17°39′08″– 17°38′13″ W; depth 797 m; 25 May 2012; CCLME-1205 exped.; CCLME-1205 exped.; stn BT368; CCLME-1205-03248; LZM-UV.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GUINEA BISSAU • 1 spec., 10.07 mm dd; 11°05′09″– 17°03′15″ N, 11°04′15″– 17°03′10″ W; depth 46–47 m; 26 Oct. 2008; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS151; Bissau-0810-06146; LZM-UV .</p><p>Description (holotype)</p><p>DISC. Five-lobed in shape, slightly excavated inter-radially (Fig. 8A), with no peripheral calcareous plates on rim. Radial shields tumid, long (almost raising the centre of disc) and narrow, which is deeply sunken (Fig. 8C). Radial shields completely concealed by external ossicles, bar-shaped, as wide proximally as distally, but more separated distally, converging towards centre of disc. Distally, radial shields end on enlarged, slightly concave and oval-shaped plate covered by minute granules (Fig. 8C–D). Dorsal disc covered by small granule-like external ossicles (Fig. 8A, C–D), each one ending in terminal crystalline point. At edge of disc, ossicles more densely packed and without crystalline point (Fig. 8C), and bigger in size between radial shields (Fig. 8C–D). Ossicles concealing radial shields similar to those from dorsal disc but more densely packed.Ventral inter-radial areas densely covered by mosaic of small irregular flat plates with granule-like external ossicles without terminal point. Oral shield, adoral shield, oral plates, along edge of mouth frame and ventral arm plates more densely covered by similar external ossicles. Mouth frame sunken (Fig. 8E). Interradial surface of lateral disc covered by external ossicles similar but smaller than those covering dorsal disc. Two large genital slits on each interradius running almost vertically along first five or six brachial segments after first fork (Fig. 8F). Conical external ossicles with terminal crystalline point more developed on adradial edge of genital slits. One oval-shaped and well-developed madreporite located just outside mouth frame (Fig. 8E). Both, tooth and oral papillae spiniform, especially larger apical ones. Mouth and infradental papillae form continuous series along mouth frame (Fig. 8E). Teeth varying in position and size, being irregular in outline and more or less irregularly disposed.</p><p>ARMS. Arms branching, with first fork before disc margin and second one located at margin. Nevertheless, in smaller specimens (juvenile), first fork located on margin of disc. Arms tapering gradually towards tips, completely covered, both, dorsally and ventrally, by domed granule-like external ossicles (Fig. 9A); these granules somewhat bigger than disc ones and without any crystalline point. Dorsal side of arms carry pedicellarial bands along whole arms. Valves with one secondary tooth downwardly curved (Fig. 9C). Some sunken transverse furrow between segments, giving arms an annulated appearance. Indication observed of median furrow along arm (Fig. 8G). Ventral side of arms with noticeable transverse naked furrows between segments until second fork; afterwards, furrows become smaller, disappearing after third fork. First two pores without arm spine. Arm spines beginning at third pair of pores with only one small spine at third and fourth pair of pores, two arm spines (sometimes one) afterwards and three arm spines (sometimes two) after second fork. Arm spines short and wide, ending in two or three hyaline points (Fig. 9F). Vertebrae streptospondylous (Fig. 9G–K).</p><p>COLOUR. Living specimens showing varying colours, from creamish-pink to dark orange and brown to gray (Fig. 3E–F) with clear ventral part; preserved specimens are white.</p><p>OSSICLE MORPHOLOGY. External ossicles on dorsal surface of disc, including radial shields, are granule-shaped and ending in a crystalline point (Fig. 9A). Baseplates oval-shaped with three to five tubercleshaped articulations for pedicellarial (Fig. 9D). External ossicles on baseplates granule-like shaped, approximately 200 µm in length and 100 µm in height (Fig. 9B). Valves with single inner tooth downwardly directed, and reticular structure (Fig. 9C). Lateral arm plates long, bar-like, with tuberculous stereom, spines placed in external lobe of plate (Fig. 9E). Arm spines ovoid-shaped with two or three small projections, not transforming into hook-shaped spines on distal portion (Fig. 9F). Vertebrae with hourglass-shaped streptospondylous articulations (Fig. 9G–K). Branching vertebra wider and with two surfaces for articulation.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has been recorded in the Northwest African coast, from the Western Sahara to Guinea-Bissau waters. Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 47 and 797 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus Astrodendrum was established by Döderlein (1911) for Gornocephalus sagaminus Döderlein, 1902 . He realised that all species that belong to Gorgonocephalus Leach 1815 are characterised by the presence of a well-developed belt of calcareous plates at the margins of the disc. However, species of Astrodendrum have no ring of calcareous plates at the rim. Additionally, the arm spines appear before the first fork, as in Gorgonocephalus; however, in Astrodendrum Döderlein, 1911, these arm spines are much smaller, hardly reaching ⅓ of the segment length, and their number is reduced: with three (or rarely four) on each side. Taxonomic studies dealing with this genus are scarce, and we have only found a revision of the genus recently published by Okanishi &amp; Fujita (2018). According to these authors, the genus is characterised by having five branching arms, with less than six segments before the first fork; lack of calcareous plates on the edge of the disc margin; variously shaped external ossicles or no ossicles on the disc; a madreporite placed on the innermost part of the interradial lateral disc; and valves from the dorsal arms with one secondary tooth.</p><p>Currently, only six species have been assigned to this genus. Among them, only Astrodendrum capense (Mortensen, 1933), described from Durban, South Africa (Mortensen 1933; Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976), has been found in the Atlantic Ocean – Namibia (Alva &amp; Vadon 1989). Astrodendrum elingamita Baker, 1974 has been reported in New Zealand and Philippines (Baker 1974; Okanishi &amp; Fujita 2018); Astrodendrum galapagense A.H. Clark, 1916 from Galapagos Islands; Astrodendrum laevigatum (Koehler, 1897) from Colombo (Sri Lanka); and Astrodendrum sagaminum (Döderlein, 1902) from Japan, East China Sea and Sri Lanka (Döderlein 1902, 1911; Clark 1911; Bomford 1913; Matsumoto 1917; Irimura &amp; Kubodera 1998); and the recently described Astrodendrum spinulosum Okanashi &amp; Fujita, 2018 also from Japan.</p><p>In addition to the shape, size and arrangement of external ossicles – widely used as an important specific taxonomic character (Baker 1974, 1980; McKnight 2000) – Okanishi and Fujita (2018) included the possibility of the lack of external ossicles (as in the case of A. laevigatum), and they also proposed three new taxonomic characters to distinguish species of Astrodendrum:</p><p>• absence/ presence of bulges on lateral ridges of proximal portion of arm</p><p>• number of terminal projections of arm spines on proximal portion of arm</p><p>• number of secondary teeth of hook-shaped arm spines on distal portion of the arm</p><p>The main morphological features of all known species of Astrodendrum, including A. juancarlosi sp. nov., are summarized in Table 2.</p><p>Astrodendrum spinulosum differs from the rest of species by the presence of bulges on lateral ridges of proximal portion of the arm.</p><p>The new species here described, also differs from A. spinulosum by the number of terminal projections of arm spines on the proximal portion of the arm (three in the case of the new species and one in A. spinulosum). In addition, A. spinulosun has cone-shaped external ossicles, while A. juancarlosi sp. nov. has granule like ossicles ending in a crystalline point at the dorsal surface of the disc.</p><p>Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. is more similar to A. elingamita in the shape of the ventral coverage and the lack of a scale in the first tentacle pore. Nevertheless, A. elingamita has the first fork in the margin of the disc, while it is located before the margin in our species. The polygonal plates of the ventral covering are closer in the A. elingamita than in our specimen. Our specimens also differ from A. elingamita by having one type of dome-shaped granules with 1–2 hyaline terminal points rather than two smooth types. Astrodendrum sagaminum differs from Astrodendrum juancarlosi sp. nov. in also having two types of granules and naked arms and ventral disk.</p><p>Astrodendrum capense has several medium-sized conical tubercles along the radial shields; it also has some smaller conical tubercles along the inter-radial disc margin, both ending in small thorns. Moreover, the disc is closely covered with minute and smooth plates.</p><p>Astrodendrum galapagense has a dorsal coarse armament on the disc and arms. The external ossicles on the aboral disc are plate-shaped at periphery and conical at center, both slightly in contact, while on the oral surface has a few small widely scattered granules, except in the ventral interbrachial areas.</p><p>Astrodendrum laevigatum is covered by a thin, transparent, soft and perfectly smooth tegument without any granules or spines. According to the description of this species in the literature, there are some doubts about the inclusion of this species in the genus Astrodendrum . We consider necessary to review the type material before we can reach a conclusion on this issue. Therefore, in this paper we follow Okanishi &amp; Fujita (2018) and keep the species within the genus Astrodendrum .</p><p>Finally, our specimen has marked rectangular furrows that are absent in the rest of the species of Astrodendrum . Even though Mortensen (1933) described the underside of the arms of A. capense as flat and without any grooves, he pointed out that this “may be an indication of a transverse furrow between the segments from the first forking onwards” (Mortensen 1933: 286).</p><p>See Table 2 for comparison of main morphological characteristics among species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7879FB238FFB9FDA2FEACFBFBFECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calero, Belén;Ramil, Fran	Calero, Belén, Ramil, Fran (2023): Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 870: 46-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117
03C7879FB220FFBAFDECFE4AFC44FE83.text	03C7879FB220FFBAFDECFE4AFC44FE83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gorgocephalus pustulatum (H. L. Clark 1916)	<div><p>Gorgocephalus pustulatum (H.L. Clark, 1916)</p><p>Figs 10–11</p><p>Astrodendrum pustulatum Clark, 1916: 84–85, pl. XXXIV figs 1–2.</p><p>Gorgonocephalus pustulatum Baker, 1980: 54–56, figs 18B, 20, 30.</p><p>Gorgonocephalus pectinatus Mortensen, 1933: 281–285, figs. 16–17, pl. XVIII figs. 1–2.</p><p>Gorgonocephalus pustulatum – Rowe &amp; Gates 1995: 368. — Calero et al. 2018: 3, 8. Gorgonocephalus pectinatus – Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976: 133.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>GUINEA BISSAU • 1 spec., 30.45 mm dd; 10°01′18″– 10°00′24″ N, 17°24′56″– 17°25′05″ W; depth 902–908 m; 24 Oct. 2008; Bissau-0810 exped.; stn BS166; Bissau-0810-18012; LZM-UV .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>This species has an Indo-Pacific distribution. It has been recorded in South Africa from Cape Province to East London (Mortensen 1933), the Indonesian region (Döderlein 1927) and Flinders Islands (Bass Strait, Australia) (Clark 1916); its bathymetric range extends from 182 (Clark 1916) to 860 m (Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976).</p><p>Our material was recorded in one station in Guinea-Bissau waters, between 902 and 908 m. This material is the same as that reported by Calero et al. (2018).</p><p>Description</p><p>The dorsal side of disc covered by a skin with some scattered tubercles, ending in some small thorns. The same type of tubercles were found on the marginal belt of plates.</p><p>Radial shields long and bar-shaped, nearly reaching the centre of the disc (Fig. 11A). They are almost completely covered by tubercles similar to those from the interradial areas but slightly bigger (Fig. 11C). The ventral interradial areas are almost fully covered by small granules.</p><p>Plates of the oral frame swollen and obscured by a thick skin. Oral shields with some scattered small granules. There is a cluster of slender apical papillae flanked on each side by smaller oral papillae.</p><p>Arms also covered by a skin concealing the plates. First pair of tentacle pores outside the mouth edge, without arm spines. Two arm spines from the second to fifth or sixth pores; afterwards, from the first fork on, three spines. Arm spines are small, less than one arm segment, and with some thorny ends.</p><p>First fork within the edge of the disc. Dorsally, arms covered by flat granules, and with a longitudinal median furrow (Fig. 11F). Pedicellarial bands along the arms, appearing from the first segments.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Even though the single specimen collected was badly damaged, the presence of the main distinctive features of Gorgonocephalus pustulatum (H.L. Clark, 1916), like the number of spines (max. 4), disc coverage (sparse and low tubercles) or the thin peripheral ring, legitimate our identification to species level.</p><p>Our finding in Guinea-Bissau represents the first record of G. pustulatum in the Tropical East Atlantic Ocean, extending its geographical distribution to the north, from south Africa to Guinea-Bissau. This station also represents the deepest record for this species (908 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7879FB220FFBAFDECFE4AFC44FE83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Calero, Belén;Ramil, Fran	Calero, Belén, Ramil, Fran (2023): Euryalida (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from Northwest Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 870: 46-75, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.870.2117
