taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C487DEFF8D9F0F978BFC736901F8F2.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Andiorrhinus (Amaz.) rondoniensis Righi, 1986	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F0F978BFC736901F8F2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The subgenus Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) is defined by the presence of four pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10, 11, 12, and 13 (Righi 1993). Number of species: 20. Distribution: Brazil (13), Venezuela (6), Bolivia (2), Colombia (1), Paraguay (1). In some cases, the same species has been found in two countries (Brown & Fragoso 2007).	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F0F978BFE3B6B34FA30.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Andiorrhinus salvadori Cognetti, 1908.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F0F978BFE3B6B34FA30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Number of species: 48. Distribution: Venezuela (24), Brazil (18), Colombia (3), Bolivia (1), Guyana (1), Paraguay (1). In some cases, the same species has been found in two countries (Brown & Fragoso 2007). Setae: Eight per segment; intraclitellar male pores; calciferous glands, three pairs in segments 7 – 9 with lamellar structure; testes in segments 10 and 11 within testis sacs; seminal vesicles, two pairs restricted to segments 11 and 12; ovaries in segment 13; spermathecae in pre-testicular segments.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F09978BFD306A27FE49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (COFM BRMT 0009). Locality: Brazil, state of Mato Grosso, municipality of Campo Verde, private farm (15 ° 43 ' 14.30 " S, 55 ° 20 ' 43.27 " W). Type of vegetation: vereda (swampy grassland), between maize / soybean crops and ‘ cerradão' (semi-deciduous forest). Altitude: 735 m a. s. l. Depth: 0 – 10 cm. Collection date: 9 May 2012. Collector: Karina Peña. Paratypes: One subadult (COFM BRMT 0008). Locality: Brazil, state of Mato Grosso, municipality of Primavera do Leste, private farm (15 ° 30 ' 12.84 " S, 54 ° 4 ' 3.20 " W). Type of vegetation: Cerrado sensu stricto. Altitude: 635 m a. s. l. Depth: 0 – 10 cm. Collection date: 18 April 2012. Collector: Karina Peña.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F09978BFD306A27FE49.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of Karina Peña Peña, biologist and PhD student.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F09978BFD306A27FE49.taxon	description	Description. Epigeic species, with variegated blue-colored dorsum, clitellum and ventral region, corresponding to the respective color code numbers 519, 522, and 510 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body that decreases in diameter after segment 35. Holotype: The length of the holotype fixed and preserved in 95 % alcohol is 140 mm, with a diameter of 3.05 mm in the preclitellar region, 3.2 mm in the clitellum, and 2.2 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 163. Paratype: 140 mm long with widths of 4.4 mm (segment 9), 4.0 mm (segment 21), and 3.4 mm (segment 40). Number of segments: 175. The first segment is invaginated and the prostomium is small, measuring 1.2 mm, lobular in shape with a rounded tip. Eight rows of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 5. The hook-shaped common setae measure 0.43 mm and present a strong curvature in the upper end, widening in 2 / 3 and then decreasing (Fig. 1 A). Several incomplete lines are observed, alternating with the ornamentation of the setae. The distance between setae in segment 30 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 10.0: 1.0: 15.0: 1.0: 65.0 and, in the posterior region in segment 110, 5.7: 1.0: 7.0: 0.7: 20. Setae a, b of segments 7, 8, 9 and 16 – 19 are modified as genital setae, measuring 2.4 mm and contained in long follicles. These setae are rectilinear and present U-shaped grooves that appear irregularly along the edges (Fig. 1 B). The clitellum measures 11 mm and lies in segments 17 – 24 (= 8), with rectangular-shaped tubercula pubertatis located between segments 19 – 22 (= 4). The male pores are located in intersegment 20 / 21; no female pores were observed. The nephropores are located between setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7, 7 / 8, 8 / 9 aligned with setae c, d. Internal anatomy. Septum 6 / 7 is thick, while the others are thin, resembling fine membranes. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are located in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of sac-shaped calciferous glands, with no appendage and with a lamellar internal structure, are present in segments 7 – 9, each with 28 parallel lamellae. Glands contain abundant calcium carbonate. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 20 / 21 and the typhlosole begins in segment 22. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of lateral hearts are in segments 7 – 9 and four pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 – 13, with those of segments 12 and 13 larger. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of testis sacs are located in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 20 / 21. One pair of ovaries is found in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is unrecognizable. Three pairs of spermathecae of almost the same size are present in segments 7, 8 and 9, located close to three glandular masses. Spermathecae are adiverticulate and no duct is observed because the base contains seminal chambers from which the oblong ampulla emerges.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8D9F09978BFD306A27FE49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) karinae sp. nov. is closely related to A. (A.) duidanus Michaelsen, 1936, A. (A.) planaria Michaelsen, 1934, and A. (A.) motto Righi & Araujo, 1999 due to the presence of three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9 (Table 1). The new species is distinguished by the extension of the clitellum, tubercula pubertatis (Table 1), the shape of the spermathecae, as well as the shape and size of the normal setae and ornamentation of the genital setae.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8B9F0B978BFBA96F61FCE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (COFM BRAM 0001). São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil (0 ° 80 ' 0 " S, 67 ° 5 ' 0 " W), in mixture of soil and compost in the backyard of a house in town. Altitude: 93 m a. s. l. Paratypes: 2 adults, 2 subadults (COFM BRAM 0004). Collection date: August 2007. Collector: Sandra Tapia Coral.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8B9F0B978BFBA96F61FCE2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of the specialist in earthworm taxonmy and ecology Carlos Rodríguez, professor at the University of Havana, for his contributions to the study of earthworms in Latin America.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8B9F0B978BFBA96F61FCE2.taxon	description	Description. Epigeic species, with red-colored dorsum and clitellum and yellow belly, corresponding to the respective color code numbers 71 and 319 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrial body, with slim and pointy posterior region. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 180 mm. Its diameter is 4.4 mm in the preclitellar region, 5.3 mm in the clitellum, and 5.1 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 193. Paratype: 170 mm long with widths of 4.9 mm (segment 9), 5.0 mm (segment 19), and 4.1 mm (segment 30). Number of segments: 164. In the holotype, the first two segments and the prostomium are invaginated, pigmentation violet in the anterior region and white in the posterior region (Fig. 2 A). In one of the paratypes the prostomium is long and is visible from the outside, it measures 4 cm (Fig. 2 B). Four rows of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 3. The hookedshaped common setae measure 0.6 mm and have an expanded small central nodulus. Ornamentations are visible in the distal region (Fig. 2 C). The distance between the setae in segment 30 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 5.7: 1.0: 8.3: 0.7: 27.3 and, in the posterior region in segment 152, 4.0: 1.0: 5.3: 0.5: 16.0. The setae of segments 7 and 17 – 22 are modified as genital setae, which are contained in large follicles. Genital setae measure 3.3 mm, with a strong curvature in the ectal 1 / 3 ending in a rounded tip in the ectal 1 / 5, setae present alternating curved grooves (Fig. 2 D). The saddleshaped clitellum lies in segments 17 – 25 (= 9), with tubercula pubertatis located between segments 21 – 22 (= 2) (Fig. 2 E). The male pores are located in intersegment 17 / 18 and female pores in segment 16. The nephropores are located between setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7, 7 / 8, and 8 / 9, aligned with seta c. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6 / 7 – 12 / 13 are thin and difficult to separate, somewhat losing their thickness, but septa gain thickness in segments 13 / 14 – 16 / 17. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are located in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of sac-shaped calciferous glands, with no appendage and a lamellar internal structure, are present in segments 7 – 9, each gland having 24 to 26 parallel lamellae. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 26 and the typhlosole begins in segment 27. There are no intestinal caeca. Five pairs of glandular masses are present in the ventral region between segments 19 – 24, next to genital setae. Intestinal content consists of abundant organic matter and quartz-type minerals. Three pairs of lateral hearts are present in segments 7 – 9 and four pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 – 13, with those of segments 12 and 13 being larger. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of oblong testis sacs contain the testes in segments 10 and 11, and there are two pairs of seminal vesicles in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 17 / 18. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13 and the female pores are located in segment 16. Three pairs of spermathecae, without diverticula, are present in segments 7, 8 and 9, with short sperm ducts covered by seminal chambers that connect to the globoid-shaped ampulla (Fig. 2 F). The size of spermathecae decreases from segment 7 to 9, measuring 1.0, 1.3, and 1.4 mm.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF8B9F0B978BFBA96F61FCE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) rodriguezi sp. nov. is closely related to Andiorrhinus (A.) motto Righi & Araujo, 1999 due to the presence of three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9. The new species is distinguished by the extension of the tubercula pubertatis (Table 1), the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae and ornamentation of the genital setae. Andiorrhinus Amazonidrilus A. Amaz. karinae! " et al. # $ % & ’ $ $ $ ($ & () * % # + * %% &,) * ­, + % $, % A. Amaz. rodriguezi! " et al. ­ $ # *) $ % & # * + ’ () $ ­ ’ $) %) ’) * % (% * %% &,) * ­, +), ­	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF889F04978BFAC36C83FBB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 complete clitellate specimens (one of them longer than the other), 1 clitellate lacking tail segments (MZUSP 0005), Itapeva, SP. Collection date: 01 / 01 / 1968. Collector: José Maria Margarido. — 2 clitellate specimens, one of them much larger than the other (MZUSP 1430), Curitiba, PR. Collection date: 1983 (no day or month specified on the label). Collector: Chang (the label has no more information on it, but it was most probably sent by Dr. Yong-Chiang Chang, professor of the Federal University of Paraná, who worked with earthworms). — Clitellate specimen (COFM BRSP 0072), in shallow rocky soil above stream under forest with Araucaria angustifolia at Itapeva Experimental Station, Itapeva, SP (24 ° 04 ' 09.8 " S, 49 ° 03 ' 54.5 " W). Altitude: 715 m a. s. l. Collection date: 16 / 02 / 2010. Collector: Jamil de Morais Pereira. — Clitellate specimen (COFM BRPR 0410), in yard private city residence surrounded by forest with A. angustifolia, Curitiba, PR (25 ° 25 ' 10.3 " S, 49 ° 13 ' 31.8 " W). Altitude: 917 m a. s. l. Collection date: 13 / 04 / 2012. Collector: Klaus D. Sautter. — 6 clitellate specimens, 1 juvenile (COFM BRPR 0047), in red Latossol under Pinus sp. trees at Humanitas Philanthropic Association, São Jerônimo da Serra, PR (23 ° 43 ' 47 " S, 50 ° 44 ' 04.5 " W). Altitude: 843 m a. s. l. Collection date: 27 / 03 / 2003. Collector: George G. Brown. — 4 clitellate specimens, 3 juveniles, 1 cocoon (COFM BRPR 0059), in wet black grassland Organossol above small stream at Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Rodovia do Talco Km 6, Ponta Grossa, PR (23 ° 43 ' 47 " S, 50 ° 44 ' 04.5 " W). Altitude: 944 m a. s. l. Collection date: 11 / 04 / 2003. Collector: George G. Brown. — 1 complete clitellate specimen, 2 clitellate specimens lacking posterior segments, 2 subadults (COFM BRPR 0579), in dark brown grassland soil at Morro do Getúlio, Parque Estadual do Pico Paraná, Campina Grande do Sul, PR (25 ° 14 ' 10.3 " S, 48 ° 50 ' 24.7 " W). Altitude: 1450 m a. s. l. Collection date: 20 / 04 / 2012. Collectors: Guilherme Borges Xarão Cardoso, Alexander Feijoo, Victor Tedeschi, George G. Brown. — 2 clitellate specimens (COFM BRSP 0031), in wet grassland organic-rich dark soil above Rio Verde, Itaberá, SP (24 ° 05 ' 02.5 " S, 49 ° 11 ' 59.9 " W). Altitude: 638 m a. s. l. Collection date: 17 / 01 / 2003. Collector: George G. Brown. — 1 clitellate specimen (COFM BRPR 0154), in soil under Mimosa sp. trees at Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, PR (25 ° 19 ' 35.1 " S, 49 ° 09 ' 49.9 " W). Altitude: 918 m a. s. l. Collection date: 29 / 09 / 2010. Collector: Wilson Maschio. — 1 clitellate specimen, 8 juveniles, 1 subadult with anterior portion only (COFM BRPR 0578), in grassland soil near banks of River Imbituvão, Fernandes Finheiro, PR (25 ° 24 ' 34.6 " S, 50 ° 32 ' 30.8 " W). Altitude: 796 m a. s. l. Collection date: 17 / 01 / 2012. Collectors: George G. Brown, Marie Bartz, Samuel James, Seana Davidson, Hong Yong. — 4 clitellate specimens, 1 cocoon (COFM BRPR 0577), in roadside ditch next to soybean field on private property, close to Faxinal-Mauá county border, Faxinal, PR (23 ° 54 ' 41.2 " S, 51 ° 12 ' 05.1 " W). Altitude: 1034 m a. s. l. Collection date: 23 / 01 / 2004. Collectors: George G. Brown and Cassio Yutaka Matsumura. — 1 clitellate specimen (COFM BRPR 0210), in Cambissol with grass vegetation cover under an open Pinus elliotti plantation at Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, PR (25 ° 20 ' 08.3 " S, 49 ° 09 ' 27.2 " W). Altitude: 921 m a. s. l. Collection date: 30 / 08 / 2011. Collector: George G. Brown. — 4 clitellate specimens (COFM BRSP 0209), in wetland soil with grasses on private property of Sr. Ettori de Lucca, neighboring the Capão Bonito National Forest, Capão Bonito, SP (23 ° 53 ' 51.9 ” S, 48 ° 32 ' 11.4 ” W) Altitude: 600 m a. s. l. Collection date: 21 / 05 / 2012. Collectors: Harold Drake, Kristin Schulz, Alexander Feijoo, George Brown. — 1 clitellate specimen (COFM BRSP 0077), bought from fish bait vendor along SP 189, at bridge across River Paranapanema in Campina do Monte Alegre, SP. According to the seller, this worm had been collected from the topsoil of a grassland site near the Paranapanema River, about 2 km distance from his house.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF889F04978BFAC36C83FBB2.taxon	description	Redescription. Endo-anecic species. Its body is cylindrical and pointed at both extremes, beginning with a tiny fine tip that gradually increases in diameter until it reaches a maximum width in segments 18 – 22, after which its diameter decreases until it becomes flattened after segment 82, ending in a lanceolate tip. The species is characterized by a blue-violet dorsum and clitellum and a green-colored ventral region, corresponding to the respective color code numbers 537, 542, and 435 (Seguy 1936). The length of the clitellate specimens varies depending on collection location, ranging from close to 130 mm (MZUSP 0 0 0 5 and MZUSP 1430) up to 401 mm (COFM BRPR 0410). Diameter of specimens also varies depending on overall size. Larger specimens such as that from Itapeva (COFM BRSP 0072) have diameter of 16.7 mm in the preclitellar region, 11.8 mm in the clitellum, and 9.8 mm in the postclitellar region. The number of segments of fully clitellate and complete specimens is normally over 200 (253 in COFM BRSP 0072 and 225 in BRPR 0410). The first two segments are invaginated and the prostomium is only visible from the inside in the form of an elongated whitish lobe, measuring 1.6 mm in length. Four pairs of setae are visible as of segment 5. The hook-shaped common setae measure 1.38 mm (COFM BRPR 0410). The distance between setae in segment 24 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 4.8: 1.0: 10.2: 0.4: 17.2 and, in the posterior region in segment 204, 2.0: 1.0: 4.7: 0.2: 9.8 (measures on COFM BRPR 0410). Setae of segments 7 – 9 and 18 – 23 are modified as genital setae, which measure 2.97 mm (Fig. 3 A). The clitellum lies in segments 16, 17 – 25, 26 (= 10, 11) and the tubercula pubertatis are located on segments 20 – 22 (= 3). Three deep cavities are observed in the region next to the tubercula pubertatis, becoming more pronounced from the edge of the tubercula pubertatis through the mid-ventral region (Fig 3 B). The male pores are located in segment 18, and female pores were not recognized. The nephropores are aligned with setae d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7, 7 / 8, and 8 / 9, aligned with setae c and d. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6 / 7 – 12 / 13 are thick, conical and funnel-shaped, gradually losing their thickness as of segments 12 / 13 and 13 / 14 until they become fine membranes. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are located in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of sac-shaped calciferous glands, with no appendage and with a lamellar internal structure, are present in segments 7 – 9, each gland with 28 nonparallel lamellae (Fig. 3 C). The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 21 / 22 and the typhlosole begins in segment 23. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of lateral hearts are present in segments 7 – 9 and four pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 – 13, with those of segments 12 and 13 being much larger. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of oblong testis sacs contain the testes in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts merge in segment 17 and open towards the male pore in segment 18. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is unrecognizable. Three pairs of spermathecae are present in segments 7, 8 and 9 (Fig. 3 D). The sperm duct is large — in some cases with creases — and separated from the long, rounded ampulla by numerous seminal chambers.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF889F04978BFAC36C83FBB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype of the species was collected by P. Dusen in Curitiba, Brazil, in 1910 and is deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of Hamburg, Germany (ZMUH 8494). Michaelsen (1918) based the description on a single individual with a regenerating tail, and Righi (1971) provided further information on 10 individuals (being 8 adults and 2 juveniles), collected in Pilar do Sul (São Paulo), Brazil, in 1966. Additional specimens were reported on by Righi (1974, 1984) from Fátima do Sul (Mato Grosso do Sul) and Itapeva (São Paulo) and by Zicsi & Csuzdi (1999) from Quatro Barras (Paraná), near the type locality in Curitiba. Michaelsen (1918) described the structure of the calciferous gland as panicled-tubular (Rispenschlauchtaschen) with a slight variation of its borders. Righi (1971) also considered the structure of calciferous glands in Rhinodrilus duseni as composite-tubular in his samples from Pilar do Sul. However, the label of the vial ZU- 75 with specimens from Itapeva had the following comment: " Há variação na forma das espermatecas e glândulas calcíferas ”, which translates " There are variations in the form of spermathecae and calciferous glands ”. After examining the specimens of the MZUSP (0005 and 1430) and comparing it with samples collected in various locations throughout the states of São Paulo and Paraná, the structure was defined as corresponding to Lamellentaschen with the presence of 28 non-parallel lamellae, with three central divisions that form tube-like figures that could confuse taxonomists. However, after being examined in detail, these are observed to continue until the borders of the gland, conserving the lamellar-like structure (Fig. 3 C). Therefore, Rhinodrilus duseni Michaelsen 1918 was relocated in the genus Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) due to the lamellar-type (Lamellentaschen) structure of the calciferous gland (Table 1). In conclusion, the gland cavity lengthwise is divided into numerous parallel or entalwards diverging lamellae (Righi 1995). A complete and detailed description of the vascular system of A. duseni can be found in Schroeder-Araújo (1978). This species corresponds to Andiorrhinus (Amazonidrilus) sp. nov. 4 and Andiorrhinus sp. nov. 1, sp. nov. 2 and sp. nov. 3, as cited in Fragoso & Brown (2007), and to Andiorrhinus sp. 1, n. sp. 2, n. sp. 3, n. sp. 4, Andiorrhinus sp. and Andiorrhinus spp. in Brown & James (2006), and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007). More careful morphological examination of the individuals categorized as different species due to variations in size and coloration, in the fore-mentioned publications, resulted in them all being included in A. duseni.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F04978BFEF76950FA92.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) samuelensis Righi, 1986.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F04978BFEF76950FA92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The subgenus Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) is defined by the presence of two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10 and 11 (Righi 1986; 1993). Number of species: 11. Distribution: Venezuela (6), Brazil (2), Colombia (2) and Guyana (1).	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F06978BFF906A29FE35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (MZUSP 01482). Paratypes: 3 juveniles, 2 subadults, 4 adults, one of which was fragmented (MZUSP 01483). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, forest of Psidium caudatum (Myrtaceae), beside the Núcleo Universitario " La Hechicera ”, Universidad de Los Andes (08 º 38 ' 00 " N; 71 º 09 ' 30 " W). Altitude: 1950 m a. s. l. Collection date: 18 April 1994. Collector: Pedro Durant.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F06978BFF906A29FE35.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of Professor Pedro Durant of the Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F06978BFF906A29FE35.taxon	description	Description. Epiendogeic species, with yellow-colored dorsum and red-colored clitellum, which correspond to the respective color code numbers 231 and 106 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 218 mm. Its diameter is 7.9 mm in the preclitellar region, 7.7 mm in the clitellum, and 6.2 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 129. Paratype: 170 mm long and widths of 7.4 mm (segment 9), 6.9 mm (segment 19) and 6.2 mm (segment 30). Number of segments: 164. The first segment is invaginated and the whitish, elongated, lobe-shaped prostomium measures 1.8 mm. Four pairs of setae are visible as of segment 6. The common setae measure 0.91 mm and are slightly curved, presenting seven rectangular-shaped markings that adorn the tip region (Fig. 4 A). The distance between the setae in segment 40 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 10.5: 1.0: 11.5: 0.8: 43.0 and, in the posterior region in segment 204, it is 2.0: 1.0: 4.7: 0.2: 9.8 and in segment 100, 7.0: 1.0: 6.7: 0.7: 32.6. The setae of segments 7 – 9 and 19 – 23 are modified as genital setae and are contained in long follicles, located surrounded by five pairs of glandular masses in segments 19 – 23. Genital setae measure 2.14 mm and are slightly curved at the base and then rectilinear, ending in a needle-shaped tip. Ornamentation consists of parallel contoured grooves with pronounced gaps (Fig. 4 B). The saddle-shaped clitellum measures 15 mm and lies in segments 16 – 25 (= 10), with the tubercula pubertatis located in segments 18 – 23 (= 6). The male pores are located in segment 20 and female pores in segment 14. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Two pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7 and 7 / 8, above the line of setae b. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6 / 7 – 14 / 15 are thick, conic, and nested, becoming thin and very fragile after 15 / 16. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are present in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of calciferous glands of lamellar internal structure are present in segments 7 – 9. The gland is connected to the esophagus by a long, sac-shaped duct, no appendage, each gland with 30 – 34 parallel lamellae. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 26 and the S-shaped typhlosole begins in segment 27, occupying ½ of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Three pairs of lateral hearts are located in segments 7 – 9 and two pairs of voluminous intestinal hearts, in segments 10 and 11. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of oblong testis sacs contain the testes in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 17 / 18. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is unrecognizable. Two pairs of very long, tongue-shaped spermathecae are present in segments 7 and 8. The duct is longer than the ampulla and, up to 2 / 3, presents numerous seminal chambers. The ampulla opens ovoidly, allowing the abundant sperm inside to be seen (Fig. 4 C).	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF869F06978BFF906A29FE35.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Turedrilus) duranti sp. nov. is closely related to A. (T.) brunneus (Michaelsen, 1892) and A. (T.) meansi James, 2009 due to the position of the clitellum and the tubercula pubertatis. The new species is distinguished by the extension of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis, the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae and ornamentation of the genital setae. Furthermore, the new species is much smaller than A. meansi and of a different color.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F06978BF87F6C81FD2E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) guamo Righi 1990.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F06978BF87F6C81FD2E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The subgenus Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) is defined by the presence of two pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 12 and 13 (Righi 1986; 1993). Number of species: 8. Distribution: all in Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F01978BF9456ADBF8A8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (MZUSP 01479). Paratype 1: 1 adult (MZUSP 01480). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount Zerpa (08 ° 37 ' N, 71 ° 09 ' W). Altitude: 2200 m a. s. l. Collection date: 20 July 1996. Collectors: Pedro Durant and E. J. Arellano. Paratype 2. 1 fragmented adult (MZUSP 01481). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, forest of Psidium caudatum (Myrtaceae), beside the Núcleo Universitario " La Hechicera ”, Universidad de Los Andes (08 º 38 ' 00 " N; 71 º 09 ' 30 " W). Altitude: 1950 m a. s. l. Collection date: 18 April 1994. Collector: Pedro Durant.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F01978BF9456ADBF8A8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of the indigenous community Timoto-cuica that inhabits the states of Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo in Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F01978BF9456ADBF8A8.taxon	description	Description. Epiendogeic species, with brown-colored dorsum and light brown clitellum and ventral region, corresponding to the respective color code numbers 703 and 705 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 149 mm, with a diameter of 3.6 mm in the preclitellar region, 5.3 mm in the clitellum, and 2.3 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 202. Paratype: 136 mm long and widths of 3.0 mm (segment 9), 3.7 mm (segment 19), and 1.9 mm in segment 30. Number of segments: 186. The first and second segments are visible and the long, tentacular-shaped prostomium measures 3.2 mm. Four pairs of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 5. The hook-shaped common setae measure 0.46 mm, with no ornamentations (Fig. 5 A). The distance between the setae in segment 40 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 5.0: 1.0: 4.3: 0.8: 13.5 and, in the posterior region in segment 84, is similar to that of segment 40, varying only in cd (0.8) and dd (13.7). The setae of segments 7, 8, 9, and 19 – 23 are transformed as genital setae which are contained in long follicles that extend to mid-dorsal and are located adjacent to five pairs of glandular masses in segments 19 – 23,. Genital setae measure 2.36 mm, are rectilinear and, in the apical ½, present 16 U-shaped ornamentations that end in a spearshaped tip (Fig. 5 B). The saddle-shaped clitellum measures 9 mm and lies in segments 16 – 25 (= 10), with the tubercula pubertatis located between segments ½ 19 and 19 – 23 (= 4, 4.5). The male pores are located in intersegment 19 / 20 and female pores in segment 17, close to rows of setae b. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7, 7 / 8, and 8 / 9, aligned with setae c and d. Internal anatomy. The septa of segments 6 / 7 – 10 / 11 are fine, transparent membranes, septa slightly thicker between segments 11 / 12 – 13 / 14. The round muscular gizzard and thick, disc-shaped musculature are present in segment 6. Three pairs of large, digitiform calciferous glands with internal lamellar structure are present in segments 7 – 9, with no appendage in the ectal region; each gland with 24 – 26 parallel lamellae. The transversal cut of the gland shows that two branches exit the ental region, dividing lamellae into three clusters: one proximal to the border, another central, and another in 2 / 3. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in intersegment 22 / 23 and the S-shaped typhlosole begins in segment 23, occupying 1 / 3 of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Intestinal content consists mostly of very fine organic matter and trace amounts of minerals. Three pairs of lateral hearts are located in segments 7 – 9, covering the calciferous glands, and two voluminous intestinal hearts are present in segments 12 and 13. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of testis sacs enclose the testes in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 19 / 20. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is located in segment 17. Three pairs of small, equal-sized spermathecae, measuring 1 mm, are present in segments 7, 8, and 9 (Fig. 5 C). The sperm duct is invisible and presents a constriction near 1 / 3 of the length up from the body wall, that separates the seminal chambers from the ampulla, which is slightly oblong with irregular borders. A group of larger-sized bifurcated genital seta glands are located near the base of each spermatheca.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF849F01978BF9456ADBF8A8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) timotocuica sp. nov. is closely related to A. (Meridrilus) boconius Righi, 1989 due to the location of male pores in 19 / 20, and the presence of three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9. The new species differs from A. boconius by the extent of the clitellum (Table 2), the shape of the calciferous glands, the number of lamellae in the calciferous glands, as well as the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae, and ornamentation of the genital setae.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF829F02978BFEDE6C41FEDA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (MZUSP 01477). Paratype: 1 fragmented adult (MZUSP 01478). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mucubají Valley (08 ° 47 ' 54 " N, 70 ° 49 ' 34 " W). Altitude: 3600 m a. s. l. Collection date: 13 May 1995. Collector: Pedro Durant. Other material: 2 adults and 1 juvenile (MZUSP 01429). Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount La Bandera, located near the Nucleo Universitario " La Hechicera ”, Universidad de Los Andes, Central Ravine. Altitude: 1950 m a. s. l. Collection date: 0 9 June 1996. Collector: Amelia de Pascal.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF829F02978BFEDE6C41FEDA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of the indigenous community Torondoy that inhabits lands of the state of Mérida, Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF829F02978BFEDE6C41FEDA.taxon	description	Description. Epiendogeic species, with blue-violet dorsum and clitellum and brown-colored ventral region, which correspond to the respective color code numbers 538 and 703 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 390 mm, with a diameter of 7.7 mm in the preclitellar region, 10.7 mm in the clitellum, and 7.3 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 219. Paratype: 521 mm long and widths of 8.3 mm (segment 9), 7.2 mm (segment 19), and 6.9 mm (segment 30). Number of segments: 207. The first segment is invaginated and the long, tentacular-shaped prostomium measures 3.2 mm, ending in a lobe (Fig. 6 C). Closely paired setae ab are visible as of segment 5 and setae cd as of segment 10. The common setae measure between 1.11 aand 1.15 mm, presenting two curvatures and several ornamentations on the upper end (Fig. 6 A). In the holotype the distance between the setae in segment 40 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 5.0: 1.0: 6.7: 0.5: 15.9 and, in the posterior region in segment 140, is 4.8: 1.0: 6.0: 1.0: 17.0. The setae of segments 7 – 9 and 17 – 23 are transformed as genital setae, contained in long whitish follicles that are longer than the body cavity diameter and at the bases of which are six genital setal glandular masses that lie in segments 18 – 23. Spermathecal setae measure 2.12 mm and present similar ornamentation to that of genital setae, but smaller. Genital setae measure from 3.33 to 5.05 mm, presenting strong curvature with alternating, U-shaped ornamentation as on the apical 1 / 3 in the same position and direction along the contour (Fig. 6 B). The saddle-shaped clitellum measures 22.4 mm and lies in segments 16 and 17 – 24 (= 8). The tubercula pubertatis are located between segments 20 – ½ 23 (= 3.5) (Fig. 6 C). The male pores are located in segment 19 and female pores in segment 16, close to the row of ab setae. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, aligned with setae cd. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6 / 7 – 9 / 10 are fine and hardly visible, becoming slightly thicker in segment 10 / 11 and then thicker, nested, and funnel-shaped in segments 12 / 13 – 17 / 18. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are present in the cavity of segment 6. There are three pairs of long calciferous glands with internal lamellar structure as well as a dorsal appendage, shaped like a garlic clove, in segments 7 – 9. Inside each gland, there are 28 parallel lamellae. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in segment 16 and the S-shaped typhlosole begins in segment 24, occupying almost the entire intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Intestinal content consisted predominantly of abundant cellulose and small stones. Three pairs of lateral hearts are located in segments 7 – 9, and two pairs of intestinal hearts are present in segments 12 and 13. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of very large testis sacs occupy the space of segments 10 – 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in segment 19. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is located in segment 16. Three pairs of spermathecae, measuring 1.5 x 1.2 mm, 4.5 x 3.0 mm and 5.2 x 2.8 mm (length x width), are present in segments 7, 8, and 9, respectively (Fig. 6 D). There are no diverticula. The sperm duct is short and the ampulla very large and pear-shaped in the spermathecae of segments 7 / 8 and 8 / 9. Half of each gland is occupied by seminal chambers with abundant spermatozoa.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF829F02978BFEDE6C41FEDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) torondoy sp. nov. is closely related to A. (Turedrilus) brunneus (Michaelsen, 1892) and A. (T.) marcuzzi Omodeo, 1955 due to the position of the clitellum and the presence of three pairs of spermathecae in 6 / 7 – 8 / 9, but is distinct in the position of the two pairs of intestinal hearts. Within the subgenus, the new species is closely related to A. (M.) boconius Righi, 1989 and A. (M.) rimeda Righi & Araujo, 2000, but it is separated from these by the extension of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis (Table 2), shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae, and ornamentation of the genital setae.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF809F02978BFBCF6A92F83E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One incomplete adult (MZUSP 01476). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount Zerpa (08 ° 37 ' N, 71 ° 09 ' W). Altitude: 1800 – 2200 m a. s. l. Collection date: 20 July 1996. Collectors: Pedro Durant and E. J. Arellano.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF809F02978BFBCF6A92F83E.taxon	description	Description. Epiendogeic species, with brown-colored dorsum and belly and red clitellum, which correspond to the respective color code numbers 693 and 117 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body. The length of the specimen is 35 mm up to segment 33, with a diameter of 2.9 mm in the preclitellar region, 3.5 mm in the clitellum, and 2.21 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: Incomplete specimen. The first and second segments are visible and the long, tentacular-shaped prostomium measures 3.1 mm. Four pairs of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 4. The hook-shaped common setae measure 0.46 mm, with no ornamentations. The distance between the setae in segment 32 is aa: ab. bc: cd: dd = 5.0: 1.0: 6.0: 0.5: 16.0. The setae of segments 7, 8, 9, and 17 – 22 are transformed as genital setae, which are contained in long follicles that are longer than the body cavity diameter, and are internally located close to five pairs of genital setal gland masses in segments 17 – 22. Genital setae measure 2.36 mm, are rectilinear and, in the apical half, present 16 U-shaped ornamentations that end in a spear-shaped tip. The saddle-shaped clitellum measures 9.4 mm and lies in segments 15 – 24 (= 10), with the tubercula pubertatis located between segments ½ 18 and ½ 23 (= 5) (Fig. 7 A). The male pores are located in intersegment 19 / 20, close to the row of setae ab, and female pores are located in segment 16 / 17, in the center away from the row of setae b and c. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Five pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 5 / 6, 6 / 7, 7 / 8, 8 / 9, and 9 / 10, close to the row of setae c and d. Internal anatomy. The septa of segments 6 / 7 – 11 / 12 are very fine, while those of segments 12 / 13 – 16 / 17 are slightly stronger without being thick, also conic-shaped and nested. The round muscular gizzard and round thick musculature are present in segment 6. Three pairs of large, digitiform calciferous glands of lamellar structure are present in segments 7 – 9, with no lobulate appendage in the ectal region The transverse cut of the gland shows between 20 – 22 parallel lamellae. The esophagus-intestine transition begins in intersegment 22 and the S-shaped typhlosole begins in segment 24, occupying 1 / 3 of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Intestinal content consisted mostly of very fine organic matter with absence of small stones. Three pairs of lateral hearts are located in segments 7 – 9, covering the calciferous glands, and two voluminous intestinal hearts are present in segments 12 and 13. Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of holonephridia per segment. Two pairs of peri-esophageal testis sacs are located in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in intersegment 19 / 20, close to the row of setae b. One pair of ovaries is present in the cavity of segment 13; the female pore is located in segment 16 / 17. Five pairs of very small spermathecae, measuring 0.6 x 0.3 mm, 0.7 x 0.4 mm, 1.0 x 0.4 mm, 1.2 x 0.42 mm, 1.2 x 0.42 mm (length x width), are present in segments 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively (Fig. 7 B). The oblong spermathecal duct is short and strong, with numerous seminal chambers, while the ampulla is slightly oblong. A group of larger-sized bifurcated genital setal gland masses are located at the base of each spermatheca, giving it a quadrangular shape.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF809F02978BFBCF6A92F83E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Meridrilus) sp. 1 is closely related to A. (M.) timotocuica sp. nov. and A. (Meridrilus) boconius Righi, 1989 because of the position of the clitellum and the location of male pores in 19 / 20. This specimen is distinctive because of the extension of the clitellum, the tubercula pubertatis, the number of pairs of spermathecae (Table 2), the number of lamellae in the calciferous glands, the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae, and ornamentation of the genital setae. However, more material is needed to confirm its taxonomic status as belonging to a new species.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9F9F1D978BF97F6D22FB27.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 16 adults, 3 juveniles (MZUSP 01426). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, forest of Psidium caudatum (Myrtaceae), beside the Núcleo Universitario " La Hechicera ”, Universidad de Los Andes (08 º 38 ' 00 " N, 71 º 09 ' 30 " W), in Bromeliaceae (Tillandsia sp.). Altitude: 1950 m a. s. l. Collection date: 23 March 1993. Collector: Pedro Durant. — 1 adult. (MZUSP 01455). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount La Bandera, located near the Nucleo Universitario " La Hechicera ”, Universidad de Los Andes, Central Ravine. Altitude: 1950 m a. s. l. Collection date: 9 June 1996. Collector: Amelia de Pascal. — 5 adults (2 of them fragmented), 1 subadult. (MZUSP 01456). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount Zerpa (08 ° 37 ' N, 71 ° 09 ' W). Altitude: 1800 – 2200 m a. s. l. Collection date: 20 July 1996. Collectors: Pedro Durant and E. J. Arellano.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9F9F1D978BFF4E6ABCFA1A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 adult, 5 subadults, 2 juveniles (MZUSP 01454). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mucubají Valley, " Mesa del Caballo " Páramo (08 º 38 ' 00 " N, 71 º 09 ' 30 " W). Altitude: 3400 m a. s. l. Collection date: 16 February 1994. Collector: Pedro Durant.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9F9F1D978BFC086ABCF8D9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 1 adult, 5 subadults, 2 juveniles (MZUSP 01453). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mucubají Valley, " Mesa del Caballo " Páramo (08 º 38 ' 00 " N, 71 º 09 ' 30 " W). Altitude: 3400 m a. s. l. Collection date: 16 February 1994. Collector: Pedro Durant.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9F9F1C978BFDCB6C20FEF8.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy sp. nov. (see below) Diagnosis. Andiorrhinus with three pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10, 11 and 12. Number of species: 1. Distribution: Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9F9F1C978BFDCB6C20FEF8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The indigenous community Tatuy uses a decimal numbering system and a 360 - day calendar, which is called " Quibario " in their language and means " stone to measure time ”.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9E9F1C978BFB3E6ADBF80B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: Clitellate specimen (MZUSP 01475). Locality: Venezuela, state of Mérida, Mount Zerpa (08 ° 37 ' N, 71 ° 09 ' W). Altitude: 1800 – 2200 m a. s. l. Collection date: 20 July 1996. Collectors: Pedro Durant and E. J. Arellano. Paratype: 1 adult (MZUSP 01474).	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9E9F1C978BFB3E6ADBF80B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species was named in honor of the indigenous community Tatuy (= the longest established), that inhabit the state of Mérida, Venezuela.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9E9F1C978BFB3E6ADBF80B.taxon	description	Description. Epiendogeic species, with brown-colored dorsum and ventral region and reddish brown clitellum, which correspond to the respective color code numbers 701 and 706 (Seguy 1936), and cylindrical body. Holotype: The length of the preserved holotype is 160 mm, with a diameter of 5.6 mm in the preclitellar region, 6.6 mm in the clitellum, and 5.1 mm in the postclitellar region. Number of segments: 116. Paratype: 160 mm long and widths of 5.5 mm (segment 9), 5.8 mm (segment 19) and 5.0 mm in segment 30. Number of segments: 96. The first two segments are partially invaginated and only with dissection is it possible to determine that two small rings do not correspond to the peristomium. The long, tentacular-shaped prostomium measures 2.5 mm and is divided into six segments, the first three segments thick and the latter three thinner, ending in a lobe-shaped tip. Four pairs of closely paired setae are visible as of segment 10. The sigmoid common setae measure 0.9 mm and present strong curvature (Fig. 8 A). The distance between the setae in segments 30 – 33 is aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 5.0: 1.0: 7.7: 0.7: 23.3 and, in the posterior region in segment 75, is 9.3: 1.0: 7.0: 1.3: 24.3. The setae ab of segments 7 – 9 and 18 – 23 are transformed as genital setae and are located internally below five pairs of genital setal gland masses in segments 19 – 23 (Fig. 8 B). Genital setae are covered with long follicles, measure 2.16 mm, are slightly curved at the proximal end and present no ornamentations. In the following 2 / 3, grooves with deep, V-shaped tunnels are present. The saddle-shaped clitellum measures 15.2 mm and lies in segments 16 – 25 (= 10), with the tubercula pubertatis located between segments 20 – 22 (= 3) (Fig. 8 C). The male pores are located in segment 20 and female pores in segment 16. The nephropores are aligned with setae c and d. Three pairs of spermathecal pores were observed in intersegments 6 / 7, 7 / 8, 8 / 9, above the row of setae c. Internal anatomy. The anterior septa of segments 6 / 7 – 10 / 11 are very fine, being thicker only between segments 11 / 12 – 14 / 15. The round muscular gizzard and thick musculature are present in the cavity of segment 6. Three pairs of digitiform calciferous glands of lamellar structure are present in segments 7 – 9, with an apical appendage; 22 parallel lamellae per gland (Fig. 8 D). The esophagus-intestine transition begins in intersegment 25 and the Sshaped typhlosole begins in segment 26, occupying 1 / 3 of the intestinal lumen. There are no intestinal caeca. Intestinal content consisted mostly of abundant fine organic matter, especially cellulose residues, with absence of small stones or quartz-type minerals. Three pairs of lateral hearts are located in segments 7 – 9 and three voluminous intestinal hearts are present in segments 10, 11 and 12 (Fig. 8 D). Both supraesophageal and subesophageal vessels are present. There is one pair of vesiculated holonephridia, covering the lateral sides of the esophagus. Two pairs of testis sacs enclose the testes in segments 10 and 11, and two pairs of seminal vesicles are present in segments 11 and 12. The two pairs of deferent ducts open towards the male pore in segment 20, next to the row of setae ab. One pair of ovaries is present in segment 13. Three pairs of elongated spermathecae are present in segments 7 (2.5 mm long), 8 (3.8 mm), and 9 (4.2 mm) (Fig. 8 E). There is a strongly constricted area in 2 / 3 where the seminal chambers are located. The spermathecal duct is piriform and larger than in other Andiorrhinus species. The oblong ampulla opens after the seminal chambers.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
03C487DEFF9E9F1C978BFB3E6ADBF80B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Andiorrhinus (Quibario) tatuy is unique among Andiorrhinus for having three pairs of intestinal hearts in segments 10, 11, and 12. The species is closely related to A. (M.) boconius, A. (M.) mukuci, and A. (M.) rimeda due to the position of the clitellum and tubercula pubertatis. However, these species differ from A. (Q.) tatuy in the number of lamellae in the calciferous glands, the shape of the spermathecae, shape and size of the normal setae, and ornamentation of the genital setae.	en	Feijoo, Alexander, Brown, George G., James, Samuel W. (2017): New species of Andiorrhinus Cognetti, 1908 (Oligochaeta: Rhinodrilidae) from Venezuela and Brazil. Zootaxa 4363 (1): 55-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.1.2
