taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498199/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498199	FIGURE 1 | Holotype of Hypostomus khimaera, MZUSP 111129, 139.1 mm SL, córrego Salobo, rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (below) views.	FIGURE 1 | Holotype of Hypostomus khimaera, MZUSP 111129, 139.1 mm SL, córrego Salobo, rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (below) views.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498201/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498201	FIGURE 2 | Detail of suspensorium and most common morphological pattern of the teeth in Hypostomus khimaera. A. Black arrow showing absence of notch between hyomandibula and metapterygoid, red arrow indicating externalized portion of opercle; B. An entire premaxillary tooth in lateral view; and C. Detail of the inner surface of its distal portion, showing the typical shovel-shaped/spatulate medial cusp and a well-developed lateral cusp. Photo (A) from CITL 1152 (1 c&s, 117.9 mm SL), and (B) and (C) from CITL 1149 (1 c&s, 134.5 mm SL). Abbreviations: mp: metapterygoid, hy: hyomandibula, q: quadrate, pop: preopercle, op: opercle, lc: lateral cusp, mc: medial cusp. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 2 | Detail of suspensorium and most common morphological pattern of the teeth in Hypostomus khimaera. A. Black arrow showing absence of notch between hyomandibula and metapterygoid, red arrow indicating externalized portion of opercle; B. An entire premaxillary tooth in lateral view; and C. Detail of the inner surface of its distal portion, showing the typical shovel-shaped/spatulate medial cusp and a well-developed lateral cusp. Photo (A) from CITL 1152 (1 c&s, 117.9 mm SL), and (B) and (C) from CITL 1149 (1 c&s, 134.5 mm SL). Abbreviations: mp: metapterygoid, hy: hyomandibula, q: quadrate, pop: preopercle, op: opercle, lc: lateral cusp, mc: medial cusp. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498203/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498203	FIGURE 3 | External morphology of the operculum in Hypostomus khimaera, showing exposed portion of the smaller, roughly ellipsoid operculum in (A), CITL 1143, 90.5 mm SL, and exposed portion of the larger, teardrop-shaped operculum in (B), CITL 1143, 91.1 mm SL. Black arrows indicate the thick layer of skin that borders the externalized portion of the operculum (bordered by white dotted line). Areas shown in (A) and (B) highlighted in red in the miniature photo of the lateral portion of the head in a living specimen of H. khimaera (CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: clt: cleithrum, op: operculum. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 3 | External morphology of the operculum in Hypostomus khimaera, showing exposed portion of the smaller, roughly ellipsoid operculum in (A), CITL 1143, 90.5 mm SL, and exposed portion of the larger, teardrop-shaped operculum in (B), CITL 1143, 91.1 mm SL. Black arrows indicate the thick layer of skin that borders the externalized portion of the operculum (bordered by white dotted line). Areas shown in (A) and (B) highlighted in red in the miniature photo of the lateral portion of the head in a living specimen of H. khimaera (CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: clt: cleithrum, op: operculum. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498209/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498209	FIGURE 4 | Detail of the mouth of Hypostomus khimaera showing morphological variations in relation to the median buccal papilla and teeth. A. Specimen with poorly developed median buccal papilla and shovel-shaped teeth/spatulate teeth with wider medial cusp and nearly plain (CPUFMT 2561, 116.9 mm SL); B. Specimen devoid of median buccal papilla and with shovel-shaped/spatulate teeth (CITL 1148, 68.2 mm SL); C. Specimen with poorly developed median buccal papilla and villiform teeth (CITL 1143, 92.6 mm SL); and D. Specimen with developed buccal papilla and villiform teeth (CITL 1143 91.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: dnt: dentary, ov: oral veil, tm: transverse membrane. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.	FIGURE 4 | Detail of the mouth of Hypostomus khimaera showing morphological variations in relation to the median buccal papilla and teeth. A. Specimen with poorly developed median buccal papilla and shovel-shaped teeth/spatulate teeth with wider medial cusp and nearly plain (CPUFMT 2561, 116.9 mm SL); B. Specimen devoid of median buccal papilla and with shovel-shaped/spatulate teeth (CITL 1148, 68.2 mm SL); C. Specimen with poorly developed median buccal papilla and villiform teeth (CITL 1143, 92.6 mm SL); and D. Specimen with developed buccal papilla and villiform teeth (CITL 1143 91.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: dnt: dentary, ov: oral veil, tm: transverse membrane. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498213/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498213	FIGURE 5 | Morphological variations in the keels of the dorsal and mid-dorsal series of bone plates in the anterior region of the trunk in Hypostomus khimaera, showing the most common pattern. A. With moderately developed keels (CITL 1161, 96.4 mm SL), and the infrequent pattern; B. With well-developed keels (ZUFMS-PIS 5277, 171.8 mm SL).	FIGURE 5 | Morphological variations in the keels of the dorsal and mid-dorsal series of bone plates in the anterior region of the trunk in Hypostomus khimaera, showing the most common pattern. A. With moderately developed keels (CITL 1161, 96.4 mm SL), and the infrequent pattern; B. With well-developed keels (ZUFMS-PIS 5277, 171.8 mm SL).	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498215/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498215	FIGURE 6 | Specimens of Hypostomus khimaera in lateral view. A. Showing the adipose-fin spine almost straight (CITL 1153, 116.5 mm SL).B. Slightly curved inwards (CITL 1162, 151.1 mm SL). Part of the black dots on the caudal peduncle and pelvic and caudal fins in (A) are apparently related to an unidentified parasite.	FIGURE 6 | Specimens of Hypostomus khimaera in lateral view. A. Showing the adipose-fin spine almost straight (CITL 1153, 116.5 mm SL).B. Slightly curved inwards (CITL 1162, 151.1 mm SL). Part of the black dots on the caudal peduncle and pelvic and caudal fins in (A) are apparently related to an unidentified parasite.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498217/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498217	FIGURE 7 | Color pattern of ventral surface of the body in Hypostomus khimaera, showing some of the observed variations. A. CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL, photographed alive; B. CITL 1140, 112.2 mm SL; C. CITL 1161, 85.1 mm SL; D. CITL 1160, 107.1 mm SL; E. CITL 1158, 123.4 mm SL; and F. CPUFMT 6040, 93.8 mm SL.	FIGURE 7 | Color pattern of ventral surface of the body in Hypostomus khimaera, showing some of the observed variations. A. CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL, photographed alive; B. CITL 1140, 112.2 mm SL; C. CITL 1161, 85.1 mm SL; D. CITL 1160, 107.1 mm SL; E. CITL 1158, 123.4 mm SL; and F. CPUFMT 6040, 93.8 mm SL.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498219/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498219	FIGURE 8 | General morphology and color pattern in life of Hypostomus khimaera in lateral view. A. CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL, from the ribeirão Pedro Gomes, rio Piquiri basin; B. Uncatalogued, 100.0 mm SL, from the rio Curupira, a tributary of the rio Pari; C. Non-preserved specimen, 100.0 mm SL, from the córrego Criminoso, a tributary of the rio Taquari; D. 250.0 mm SL and E. 150.0 mm SL, both uncatalogued, from a tributary of the rio Juba, rio Sepotuba basin; F, G and H. uncatalogued specimens, all with approximately 100.0 mm SL, from the córrego Fortaleza, rio Taquari basin; I. CITL 1140, 130.0 mm SL, from the córrego Rio Verde, rio Taquari basin.	FIGURE 8 | General morphology and color pattern in life of Hypostomus khimaera in lateral view. A. CITL 1156, 151.1 mm SL, from the ribeirão Pedro Gomes, rio Piquiri basin; B. Uncatalogued, 100.0 mm SL, from the rio Curupira, a tributary of the rio Pari; C. Non-preserved specimen, 100.0 mm SL, from the córrego Criminoso, a tributary of the rio Taquari; D. 250.0 mm SL and E. 150.0 mm SL, both uncatalogued, from a tributary of the rio Juba, rio Sepotuba basin; F, G and H. uncatalogued specimens, all with approximately 100.0 mm SL, from the córrego Fortaleza, rio Taquari basin; I. CITL 1140, 130.0 mm SL, from the córrego Rio Verde, rio Taquari basin.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498225/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498225	FIGURE 11 | Populations attributed toHypostomus khimaera with conspicuous morphological differences. A. Specimen from the córrego Fortaleza (CITL 1160, 107.1 mm SL); B. Specimen from the córrego Rio Verde (CITL1140, 112.2 mm SL); and C. Specimen from the córrego Boa Sentença (CITL 1158, 123.4 mm SL), all from tributaries of the upper rio Paraguai basin in Mato Grosso do Sul.	FIGURE 11 | Populations attributed toHypostomus khimaera with conspicuous morphological differences. A. Specimen from the córrego Fortaleza (CITL 1160, 107.1 mm SL); B. Specimen from the córrego Rio Verde (CITL1140, 112.2 mm SL); and C. Specimen from the córrego Boa Sentença (CITL 1158, 123.4 mm SL), all from tributaries of the upper rio Paraguai basin in Mato Grosso do Sul.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498221/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498221	FIGURE 9 | Map showing the geographic distribution of Hypostomus khimaera: type-locality, the córrego Salobo (= Salobro), Mato Grosso (yellow star) and records from original description (red triangle). Additional records from this study (black circles) and records of specimens used for molecular analysis (white diamond). Record in the upper rio Paraná basin (red square). Each symbol can represent more than one location.	FIGURE 9 | Map showing the geographic distribution of Hypostomus khimaera: type-locality, the córrego Salobo (= Salobro), Mato Grosso (yellow star) and records from original description (red triangle). Additional records from this study (black circles) and records of specimens used for molecular analysis (white diamond). Record in the upper rio Paraná basin (red square). Each symbol can represent more than one location.	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498223/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498223	FIGURE 10 | Habitats of Hypostomus khimaera. A. Showing a small unnamed stream tributary of the rio Jatobá in Mato Grosso do Sul; B. Córrego Areia in Mato Grosso; C. Rio Taquari in Mato Grosso do Sul; and D. Córrego Onça, tributary of the rio Taquari. Photos by Otávio Froehlich (A), Hans Evers (B and C) and LFCT (D).	FIGURE 10 | Habitats of Hypostomus khimaera. A. Showing a small unnamed stream tributary of the rio Jatobá in Mato Grosso do Sul; B. Córrego Areia in Mato Grosso; C. Rio Taquari in Mato Grosso do Sul; and D. Córrego Onça, tributary of the rio Taquari. Photos by Otávio Froehlich (A), Hans Evers (B and C) and LFCT (D).	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
03C4D11F4F526C4FFDD8FEDE1A3846BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15498227/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15498227	FIGURE 12 | Dendrogram including some populations of Hypostomus khimaera, constructed based on Bayesian Inference analysis of COI sequences. Sequences of H. khimaera were obtained in this study; sequences of the remaining congeners were obtained from BOLD. Specimens from the córrego Fortaleza, the most peculiar population attributed herein to H. khimaera, are indicated with asterisks. The black bars represent the Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) formed by the species delimitation methods, Automatic Species Assembly Partitioning (ASAP), and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC).	FIGURE 12 | Dendrogram including some populations of Hypostomus khimaera, constructed based on Bayesian Inference analysis of COI sequences. Sequences of H. khimaera were obtained in this study; sequences of the remaining congeners were obtained from BOLD. Specimens from the córrego Fortaleza, the most peculiar population attributed herein to H. khimaera, are indicated with asterisks. The black bars represent the Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) formed by the species delimitation methods, Automatic Species Assembly Partitioning (ASAP), and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC).	2024-09-23	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta		Zenodo	biologists	Carvalho, Vandergleison de;Müller, Victória Joana da Silva;Ferreira, Daniela Cristina;Zawadzki, Cláudio Henrique;Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta			
