identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C587D8FF88FFBE5EBDF779E7BC07C4.text	03C587D8FF88FFBE5EBDF779E7BC07C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia Heller	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia Heller</p><p>Strongylophthalmus Hendel, 1902: 179 . Type species: Chyliza ustulata Zetterstedt, 1847, by original designation. [Preoccupied by Strongylophthalmus Mannerheim, 1853 (in Coleoptera).1]</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia Heller, 1902: 226 . Replacement name for Strongylophthalmus Hendel, 1902 . Type species: Chyliza ustulata Zetterstedt, 1847, automatic.</p><p>Lapropsila Meijere, 1914: 241 . Type species: Labropsila polita Meijere, 1914, by subsequent designation (Hennig 1941b: 36). [Synonymized by Meijere 1916: 87.]</p><p>Previous studies. No single review has been done on Strongylophthalmyia previous to this study. Most papers involved descriptions of one or a few species from results of collecting expeditions or museum collection studies (e.g., Krivosheina 1981; Shatalkin 1981, 1993, 1996; Iwasa 1992, 1995; Yang &amp; Wang 1992, 1998; Barber 2006; Papp et al. 2006; Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014; Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016). Shatalkin’s (1993, 1996) study of many Old World species are the closest to a review of the genus and were based upon a comparatively small collection of specimens, primarily from southern and eastern Asia.</p><p>Frey (1956) and Steyskal (1971) provided keys to most species known at the time of their publication. Other keys that have been published are more geographically or taxonomically limited and include Barber (2006; Nearctic); Hennig (1940; Taiwan); Frey (1928; Philippines); Iwasa (1992; Japan); Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin (2016; Vietnam and adjacent countries); Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis (2014; Papua New Guinea); Krivosheina (1999; Far East Russia); Meijere (1914; Indonesia); Shatalkin (1993; Palearctic; 1996; S. crinita group); Yang &amp; Wang (1998; China, incl. Taiwan) .</p><p>The genus has been treated in different families, but most commonly Psilidae and Tanypezidae . Hendel (1917)</p><p>1. Previous works have indicated the earliest published date for the coleopteran genus-group name Strongylophthalmus as from Motschulsky (1860). However, research conducted in this study has found that an earlier publication by Mannerheim (1853) listed Strongylophthalmus in synonymy and it was made available by subsequent usage as a valid taxon in Motschulsky (1860); thus, the name is authored by Mannerheim in 1853.</p><p>proposed the subfamily Strongylophthalmyinae [sic] within the Psilidae . Hennig (1958) was the first to treat it within its own family, Strongylophthalmyiidae, noting synapomorphies with Tanypezidae . Because of the monophyly and synapomorphies of the two family-groups, some authors (e.g., Griffiths 1972; McAlpine 1997) have treated the Strongylophthalmyiidae as a subfamily within the Tanypezidae; while others have maintained Hennig’s (1958) separate family status (e.g., Steyskal 1977, 1987; Stackelberg 1988; McAlpine 1989; Evenhuis 1989, 1998; Iwasa 1999; Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014; Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin 2016).</p><p>Lonsdale’s (2013) phylogenetic analysis noted a number of synapomorphies for Strongylophthalmyiidae + Tanypezidae, including the wide prosternum reaching the proepisternum; calypter large, lobe-like; surstylus fused to epandrium [= non-motile surstylus of Hennig (1958)]; elongate band-like postgonite; and epiphallus plate-like, comprising two articulating sclerites. The autapomorphies he listed for Strongylophthalmyiidae include the absence of a suture between prosternum and proepisternum; postvertical bristle anteroclinate; lateral scutellar bristles absent; distiphallus long, two-segmented with sclerotized apical section; and a single developed spermatheca. My examination in this study shows the distiphallus of the S. ustulata group appearing to be two-segmented; however, that of the remaining species is unsegmented. Regarding the spermathecal character, this was based on examination of a Nearctic species. Hennig (1958) also noted a single sclerotized spermatheca based on his study of S. ustulata . My study here shows the single sclerotized spermatheca to be restricted only to species of the S. ustulata species group [a second spermatheca was noted in S. pengellyi and S. angustipennis by Barber (2006) but it is considerably reduced and not sclerotized]; the remainder of species in the genus have two well developed and sclerotized spermathecae</p><p>Molecular studies have not been specifically conducted to corroborate the putative monophyly of the family and relationships within the Diopsoidea, but Strongylophthalmyiidae have been included in a few molecular analyses: e.g., as part of a larger analysis of Diptera families (Wiegmann et al. 2011) and as an outgroup of other taxa being analyzed (Gibson et al. 2010). In the former study, the analysis recovered a Strongylophthalmyiidae + Tanypezidae clade with moderate support. In the latter study, a sister-group relationship with Psilidae + Micropezidae was shown in one most parsimonious cladogram, while a majority rule consensus cladogram showed Strongylophthalmyiidae having a sister-group relationship with Psilidae + Pallopteridae . In another study, which used a combination of morphological and molecular characters (Gibson et al. 2013), Strongylophthalmyiidae was shown to be the sister to Psilidae + Pyrgotidae . Obviously much more study and more representative taxa are needed to provide more accurate phylogenetic placement of the Strongylophthalmyiidae with other taxa in the Schizophora.</p><p>I follow Lonsdale (2013) in maintaining a separate family status, based on the autapomorphies he listed as well as the presence of downward-projecting anterior lobes of the hypandrium (noted by Griffiths 1972 [as “?pregonites”]), presence of a dorsal bridge of the hypandrium (noted by Sueyoshi 2006), and the incomplete Sc (noted by McAlpine 1987).</p><p>Generic characters. Male. Lengths. Body: 2.0– 7.5 mm; wing: 2.0– 6.9 mm.</p><p>Head. Head in lateral view globose (e.g., Fig. 6) or elongate (e.g., Fig. 7), in dorsal view as wide or slightly wider than width of thorax; frons wide in both sexes with ocellar tubercle positioned anteriad of posterior margin of eye orbits (placed more posteriorly in S. sichuanica Evenhuis, n. sp. and S. gavryushini Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016); eye margin concave at postgena; inner eye margin converging below antennae to produce narrow face; face unsclerotized medially (Figs. 8–9); clypeus (Fig. 8) small, subquadrate, to very thin and band-like, or membranous and appearing absent; vibrissa absent; gena narrow, often pollinose, with short, fine or strong, yellow to black hairs; palpus white, yellowish brown, brown, or black, bacilliform to ovate in normal shape, but sometimes lengthened with dilated apex with flattened processes, glove-shaped ( S. caestus, n. sp.), racquet-shaped ( S. federeri, n. sp.), or disc-shaped ( S. palpalis Papp), apex usually darker than remainder and/or with fine, thickened, or scale-like setae or spines on apical and/or ventral portions (cf. Figs. 10–17, 84–85). Chaetotaxy as follows: 3–5 frontal-orbitals (very fine and hard to discern), 2–[rarely] 3 frontal-orbitals (distinct as easily seen), 1 ocellar, 1 postvertical, 2 verticals; vibrissae absent. [NB: The chaetotaxy of the head and thorax of Strongylophthalmyia is fairly consistent for the genus but has been found to be highly variable within species and thus not useful in characterizing species. It is therefore not added to the species descriptions in this work.]</p><p>Antenna. Scape subcylindrical with ring of short stiff setae dorsoapically; pedicel flared apically and extending mesally onto medial portion of flagellomere, with dorsoapical ring of stiff setae, often with single strong apical seta that can be mistaken for a short antennal arista when the arista has been broken off; flagellomere ovate (normal) (Fig. 30) or extremely large and rounded ( S. macrocera Papp), bifid ( S. raricornis Shatalkin; Fig. 82), or modified as axe-shaped, bean-shaped, or subrhomboid ( S. punctata group); flagellomere sometimes ( S. punctata group) with a dorsal process of varying lengths and shapes (Figs. 26–41); arista two-segmented, inserted subbasally on the dorsal surface, micro-pubescent (e.g., S. ustulata group) or bare, length varying from short, stump-like, one-half length of flagellomere to two times length of flagellomere.</p><p>Thorax. Micropezid or tanypezid-shaped in lateral view (Figs. 38–45), twice as long as wide, with anterior portion extremely narrowed toward cervical area, with anepisternum and katepisternum expanded resulting in fore coxae being placed far from mid and hind coxae, which are in close approximation; propleuron, anepisternum and katepisternum appearing fused, without distinct sutures; mesonotum flattened and generally shining but some species dull (e.g., S. ustulata group), in dorsal view with distinct transverse suture; scutellum small, hemispherical to squarish; metanotum enlarged, extending posterior to scutellum; laterotergite with minute vestiture of varying colors; halter stalk with or without basal setulae. Non-chaetotaxic vestiture variable, mesonotum often with sparse or dense setulae or hairs, scattered or in rows, of varying lengths; ranging from decumbent, thick, and rather dense ( S. ustulata group; Fig. 97) to erect, fine and sparse (e.g., Figs. 38–41). Thoracic setae strong, black; with 0 proepisternals, 1 anepisternal seta, 0 katepisternals, 1–2 notopleurals, 0 acrostichals (although fine setulae occur in some species along the acrostichal row), 1–[2–3] [rarely 4–7] dorsocentrals, 1 supraalar, 1 postalar, 1 scutellar (lateral scutellars weak or absent in the family) [see remarks above under “Head” for the comments on the utility of chaetotaxy in distinguishing species in Strongylophthalmyia]; anepisternum with hairs scattered, or clustered posteriorly, or along notopleural suture, tuft of curved hairs medioventrally on anepisternum in some species of the S. punctata subgroup (e.g., Figs. 38, 41, 42, 44); katepisternum often with hairs ventrolaterally near mid coxa; laterotergite often with fine vestiture (concolorous with cuticle making it difficult to see).</p><p>Legs. Generally long and thin, with or without male secondary sexual character modifications including processes and setal patterns; fore coxae usually with strong hairs anteroapically; fore femur with short thorn-like spicules dorsally ( S. punctata subgroup) or without; other setal modifications of fore femur can include possessing extremely long, stiff lateral setae basally (e.g., S. darlingi, n. sp.), one or two clusters of hairs in close proximity ventrally that sometimes make thorn-like process(es) subbasally (e.g., S. palpalis Papp) (Fig. 72), or a single strong black thorn-like seta ( S. microstyla Shatalkin) (Fig. 70). Mid and hind legs up to two times longer than fore legs; mid legs normally unmodified, mid basitarsus modified in S. pengellyi [see Barber 2006; Figs. 16, 17)]; hind legs with dense, thin translucent or opaque (Fig. 80) scale-like setae on mesal surface of basitarsus in males and females [often difficult to see until light reflects off of them] (e.g., Fig. 78, 79); hind legs otherwise mostly unmodified, some species with trochanter and/or base of femur possessing one, two, or three minute papillate protuberances of varying shapes (e.g., Fig. 81), some bearing setae, others bare. Hind basitarsus normally subequal in length to second tarsal segment, but much longer in some species.</p><p>Wing (Figs. 46–53). Hyaline (most species), fumose ( S. gigantica Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis), with a tinge of brown medially and apically (e.g., S. borneensis, n. sp.), infuscated with dark spot apically (e.g., S. fasciata Walker, S. ustulata group), or with transverse banding ( S. fascipennis group); single costal break just before junction with R1; costal vein ending at M1+2; Sc incomplete, effaced just before costal break; cell bm ends at or before level of R1 apex; R2+3 of variable length, ending before, at, or beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; distalmost portion of R4+5 and M1+2 parallel or slightly convergent at wing margin, never strongly convergent; cell dm long, length over five times width; crossvein r-m at or before halfway point of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward (Fig. 49) or perpendicular to (Fig. 50) CuA1; distalmost section of CuA1 to wing margin much shorter than length of dm-cu (most species of S. ustulata group), subequal in length to, or longer than crossvein dm-cu; A1+CuA2 long, but not reaching wing margin; anal lobe present and well developed or slightly narrowed, but never extremely reduced; alula small; calypter rounded with fringe of long stiff hairs.</p><p>WIP (Figs. 54–61, 96). Wing Interference Patterns (WIP) were examined for all species not preserved in fluid, but could only be illustrated for a few species in this study due to distortion, folding, or inaccessibility to photography because of obstructions of body features. All species of Strongylophthalmyia possess WIP, although the number of individuals in this study that had wings suitable for study was minimal, so results shown here and described should be considered preliminary. These color patterns were recently discovered (Shevtsova et al. 2011 et al.) as occurring in a number of flying insects. They may be used in sexual selection and/or mate recognition (Katayama et al. 2014). The utility of this character in species identification bears further scrutiny. Some males and females in this study were found to exhibit similar patterns and further research may show this to be a character that can be used to associate females with males. There are clear species differences but there do not seem as yet to be clusters of pattern-types that can be used to distinguish species-groups. Most species exhibit a golden or brassy color with combinations of magenta, blue, and green in various parts of the wing. Strongylophthalmyia punctata Hennig (Fig. 48), S. sumatrana, n. sp. (Fig. 59), and S. sichuani c a, n. sp. (Fig. 96) differ from most species in this subgroup by having a predominant magenta or blue color in the distal medial field of the wing, this area being predominantly brassy to blue-green colored in other species. The anal lobe appears in most species to have a basal to subbasal spot of color lighter than the surrounding color.</p><p>Abdomen. Generally long and slender, dorsum generally flattened, shining brown to black with sparse erect pale hairs, longer setae posteriorly and laterally; tufts of stiff hairs may be present laterally on tergite V ( S. trifasciata Hennig); anteriormost tergites (I, II and sometimes III) often paler in color than remainder of tergites; sternites normally sclerotized but weakly so medially, some species with sternites II and III with concavity at interstice separating the two segments, or sternites I, II and sometimes III membranous and appearing absent ( S. albisternum, n. sp.).</p><p>Genitalia (cf. Figs. 86–90). Male sternite VI subtriangular; sternites VII and III fused to form a syntergite 7+8; epandrium subovate in lateral view, fused to narrow surstylus making epandrium+surstylus appear pear-shaped [Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin (2016) considered the surstylus to be absent]; surstylus rounded with patch of minute spicules mesoapically (Fig. 89) or surstylus expanded apically, long, curled ribbon-like ( S. crinita group) (Fig. 86); cerci fused for most their length, subequal to or longer than length of surstylus, narrow basally, flared and/or rounded apically, with long setae and hairs apically; hypandrium fused dorsally by thin bridge, with paired bifid anterior lobes, hypandrium attached to epiphallus via paired thin long, postgonites; epiphallus plate-like, consisting of two articulating segments; distiphallus long or short, straight, unsegmented (Fig. 86, 90), or appearing twosegmented ( S. ustulata group; Fig. 87), up to two times length of hypandrial complex, with sclerotized apex of varying shapes; phallapodeme short or long, thin, straight, in some species length subequal in length to distiphallus, fused to hypandrium via pair of ventromedial processes</p><p>Female. As in male except for following: clypeus large, bulbous (Fig. 9); palpus linear, subtrapezoidal, or bacilliform in shape, without modifications, with or without ventral hairs, darker than in male, normally black; antennal flagellomere ovate, sometimes enlarged, but without modifications in shape found in males; arista up to two times length of flagellomere; pleuron as in male except those of S. punctata subgroup lack anepisternal tuft; legs normal, without modifications except scale-like setae on hind basitarsus; abdomen with segments VI–X lengthened and modified into a long tapering tubular ovipositor, posterior margins of ovipositor segments with long setae; one ( S. ustulata group) or two sclerotized spherical spermathecae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF88FFBE5EBDF779E7BC07C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD.text	03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia	<div><p>Species Groups in Strongylophthalmyia</p><p>Shatalkin (1996) treated species of the genus Strongylophthalmyia in two named groups based on characters found in males: (1) species possessing a dorsal antennal process ( punctata group) and (2) species that possess long, thin, curled extensions of the apex of the surstylus ( crinita group). The remaining species (the majority of those described at that time) were left as unplaced by Shatalkin (1996). He contended that his two named groups are not monophyletic, which is confirmed in this study following the examination more than 3,000 specimens. Barber (2006) briefly discussed the relationships of Strongylophthalmyia species noting Shatalkin’s (1996) two species groups and mentioning the possibility of S. ustulata, S. pictipes, S. japonica, S. angustipennis, S. pengellyi, and S. caliginosa as belonging to a monophyletic group based on the shared synapomorphy of a haired arista. Many other characters exist that could also group taxa together such as fore femoral spines (the punctata subgroup reviewed here), modified palpi, and small basomesal processes on the hind femur [see Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis (2014) for examples of some of these processes].</p><p>In virtually all species of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata group, the male flagellomere is enlarged or modified from the normal oval shape (e.g., Fig. 30). The segment varies considerably among species, from having a long and distinct dorsal process that appears to be multi-segmented (cf. Fig. 20) to having no distinct process but instead having a small bump or point on the flagellomere (cf. Fig. 31). The term “ punctata subgroup” is used here as a convenient name for tentatively grouping species within the genus but, until a rigorous phylogenetic analysis can be performed on all species of the genus (beyond the scope of this study), the monophyly of the groupings proposed here cannot be guaranteed. The groups keyed out below are preliminary pending further analyses. They are not necessarily indicative of phylogenetic relationships but are grouped morphologically for ease in dividing an otherwise cumbersome group (e.g., although they have bands in the wings, S. freidbergi Shatalkin, S. solita Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, and S. shatalkini Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis have a dorsal antennal process too and could therefore fit into either the S. punctata group or the S. fascipennis group).</p><p>Preliminary key to species groups in Strongylophthalmyia</p><p>(based on males)</p><p>1. Antennal flagellomere modified with dorsal process of varying lengths (Figs. 18–20), often combined with modified shape of flagellomere (if process indistinct, then fore femur with short black thorn-like spicules dorsally)... ( S. punctata group) ... 2</p><p>-. Antennal flagellomere unmodified, without dorsal process (cf. Fig. 30); fore femur without dorsal spicules although stiff hairs may be present........................................................................................ 3</p><p>2. Fore femur with thorn-like spicules dorsally (Figs. 62–77).................................... S. punctata subgroup</p><p>-. Fore femur without thorn-like spicules dorsally............................................. S. coarctata subgroup</p><p>3. Surstylus extended into curled band-like processes (Fig. 86)........................................ S. crinita group</p><p>-. Surstylus without such modifications...................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Arista micro-pubescent; mesonotum often with dense hairs (Fig. 97); single sclerotized spermatheca (primarily north temper- ate species)............................................................................. S. ustulata group</p><p>- Arista bare; mesonotal vestiture variable, with hairs dense or scattered; two sclerotized spermathecae (subtropical to tropical species)............................................................................................ 5</p><p>5. Wing with distinct transverse bands of infuscation or with spot at apex (Fig. 51)................... S. fascipennis group</p><p>-. Wing hyaline, without distinct bands or spots.................................................. Unplaced Species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF8FFFBD5EBDF627E1E600BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF8CFFBC5EBDF0FAE0CB0750.text	03C587D8FF8CFFBC5EBDF0FAE0CB0750.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia	<div><p>Tentative species composition of species groups of Strongylophthalmyia</p><p>(countries/islands in parentheses are type localities; an asterisk (*) indicates I have seen specimens)</p><p>crinita group</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia crinita * Hennig, 1940 (Taiwan); S. freyi * Shatalkin, 1996 (Burma); S. indica * Shatalkin, 1996 (India); S. pectinigera Shatalkin, 1996 (Thailand); S. spinipalpa Shatalkin, 1996 (India); S. verrucifera Shatalkin, 1996 (Vietnam) .</p><p>fascipennis group</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia annulipes Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. basisterna Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. curvinervis * Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. dorsocentralis Papp, 2006 (Thailand); S. elegantissima * Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. fasciolata Meijere, 1919 (Sumatra); S. fascipennis* Frey, 1928 (Philippines); S. fascipes * (Walker, 1860) (Sulawesi); S. gavryushini Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. lutea* (Meijere, 1914) (Java); S. maculipennis Hendel, 1913 (Taiwan); S. metatarsata* Meijere, 1919 (Sumatra); S. nigriventris Frey, 1928 (Philippines); S. nigricoxa* (Meijere, 1914) (Java); S. obtecta Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. polita (Meijere, 1914) (Java); S. puncticollis * Frey, 1928 (Philippines); S. punctum * Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. splendida Yang &amp; Wang, 1998 (China); S. stricta Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. tomentosa Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. trifasciata * Hennig, 1940 (Taiwan); S. tripunctata (Meijere, 1914) (Sumatra) .</p><p>punctata group</p><p>( coarctata subgroup)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia coarctata * Hendel, 1913 (Taiwan); S. freidbergi * Shatalkin, 1996 (Thailand); S. gibbifera * Shatalkin, 1993 (Vietnam); S. raricornis * Shatalkin, 1981 (Russia); S. rubella * Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, 2014 (Papua New Guinea); S. sedlaceki * Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, 2014 (Papua New Guinea); S. shatalkini * Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, 2014 (Papua New Guinea); S. stylocera * Shatalkin, 1996 (Philippines) .</p><p>punctata group</p><p>( punctata subgroup) Strongylophthalmyia albisternum * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Thailand); S. borneensis * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Sabah, Sarawak); S. caestus * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Philippines); S. darlingi * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Sumatra); S. federeri * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Philippines); S. hauseri * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Thailand, Vietnam); S. immaculata * Hennig, 1940 (Taiwan); S. indochinensis * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam); S. inundans * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Philippines); S. laosensis * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Laos); S. lowi * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Malaysia); S. malayensis * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Malaysia); S. microstyla * Shatalkin, 1996 (Philippines); S. nigripalpis * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Malaysia); S. oxybeles* Evenhuis, n. sp. (Sumatra); S. palpalis Papp, 2006 (Thailand); S. pappi * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Thailand); S. phillindablank * Evenhuis, n. sp. (China); S. punctata * Hennig, 1940 (Taiwan); S. sichuanica * Evenhuis, n. sp. (China); S. spinosa Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. sumatrana * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Sumatra); S. thaii * Papp, 2006 (Thailand); S. thailandica * Evenhuis, n. sp. (Thailand).</p><p>ustulata group</p><p>(tentatively proposed without name by Barber, 2006)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia angusticollis * Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. angustipennis * Melander, 1920 (USA); S. bifasciata* Yang &amp; Wang, 1992 (China); S. caliginosa * Iwasa, 1992 (Japan); S. humeralis * Frey, 1956 (Burma); S. japonica Iwasa, 1992 (Japan); S. pengellyi * Barber, 2006 (Canada); S. pictipes * Frey, 1935 (Finland); S. ustulata * (Zetterstedt, 1847) (Sweden); S. yaoshana Yang &amp; Wang, 1998 (China) .</p><p>Unplaced Species</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia dichroa Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. gigantica * Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, 2014 (Papua New Guinea); S. macrocera Papp, 2006 (Thailand); S. orchidanthae* Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin, 2016 (Vietnam); S. papuana * Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis, 2014 (Papua New Guinea); S. paula Shatalkin, 1993 (Russia); S. stackelbergi Krivosheina, 1981 (Russia) .</p><p>Nomina dubia</p><p>The following names are treated as nomina dubia because they are known only from females not displaying characters that could help associate them with males or distinguish them from other similar looking species. Strongylophthalmyia brunneipennis (Meijere, 1914) (Java); S. pallipes (Meijere, 1914) (Java) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF8CFFBC5EBDF0FAE0CB0750	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF8DFFBC5EBDF7D4E11905BB.text	03C587D8FF8DFFBC5EBDF7D4E11905BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia punctata	<div><p>The Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup</p><p>Roughly half of the described species in Strongylophthalmyia belong to Shatalkin’s (1996) “ punctata group” of species (males possessing a dorsal antennal process) and the distribution of that group appears to be restricted to the Oriental Region . A subset of that group, the punctata subgroup, characterized by the presence of spines on the fore femur, appears to have two clusters of species: (1) those species with a long and conspicuous dorsal antennal process (called here the punctata cohort); and (2) those species with only a small bump or a small thin, pointed dorsal antennal process (the microstyla cohort). Additionally, species in the punctata subgroup appear to be even further restricted in distribution to just SE Asian countries and adjacent islands to the east (see Fig. 107). Few studies have been conducted in areas of subtropical to tropical southern China (I have only located seven specimens belonging to four species in the genus from these areas) and, given the current known distribution elsewhere, it can be logically assumed that further more rigorous collecting in forested areas should find species of this subgroup occurring in southern, southwestern, and eastern China, including potentially undescribed ones.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF8DFFBC5EBDF7D4E11905BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF8DFFB25EBDF5F7E1E10228.text	03C587D8FF8DFFB25EBDF5F7E1E10228.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia punctata	<div><p>Key to species of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup</p><p>(based on males)</p><p>1. Antennal process placed dorsally on flagellomere in close proximity to arista, prominent, longer than width of flagellomere (e.g., Figs. 18–22); fore femur without basoventral thorn-like process made from closely approximated hairs ( punctata cohort) (e.g., Figs. 62–64).................................................................................... 2</p><p>-. Antennal process placed on anterodorsal edge of flagellomere, short, reduced, rudimentary, as a small bump, or imperceptible (e.g., Figs. 23–24, 31–32); fore femur with basoventral thorn-like process made closely approximated hairs (Figs. 65, 66, 68,</p><p>69) ( microstyla cohort)................................................................................ 18 2. Anepisternum with small tuft of silvery white or dark brown to black hairs near katepisternum (Fig. 38)............... 3</p><p>-. Anepisternum without tuft, scattered hairs may be present dorsally or ventrally (Fig. 40)........................... 12</p><p>3. Anepisternal tuft black to dark brown; fore femur usually slightly swollen medially;................................ 4</p><p>-. Anepisternal tuft white to silvery white; fore femur concave in lateral view, not usually swollen medially............... 5</p><p>4. Wing with tinge of brown apically and medially at r-m crossvein (Fig. 47); combined length of hind tarsal segments 1–5 longer than hind tibia (Sabah, Sarawak).................................................... borneensis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Wing hyaline throughout; combined length of hind tarsal segments 1–5 shorter than hind tibia (Peninsular Malaysia).......................................................................................... lowi Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>5. Dorsal antennal process distinctly S-shaped or kinked (Figs. 22, 33, 34); palpus widened or flared apically (e.g., Figs. 11, 14, 16); fore coxal hairs black or mixed orange and black......................................................... 6</p><p>-. Dorsal antennal process not S-shaped or distinctly kinked (e.g., Figs. 36, 37); palpus not flared apically (Fig. 17); fore coxal hairs white (Thailand)................................................................................. 11</p><p>6. Palpus subtriangular, length slightly longer than greatest width.................................................. 7</p><p>-. Palpus linear-ellipsoid, slightly bowed, length 4 x width, with darkened color apically, flared but with distinct lobe dorsally..................................................................................................... 8</p><p>7. Palpus bifid (Fig. 14); arista shorter than dorsal antennal process; mid femur yellowish brown; minute vestiture on laterotergite in front of halter base white (Vietnam)................................................. hauseri Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Palpus not bifid (Fig. 93); arista longer than dorsal antennal process; mid femur black basally; minute vestiture on laterotergite in front of halter base black (China)................................................. sichuanica Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>8. Abdominal sternites I–II (and sometimes III) not sclerotized, white or membranous; fore femur with dorsal spines short (Fig. 62) (Thailand)................................................................. albisternum Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>–. Abdominal sternites I–II sclerotized, not membranous; fore femur with proximal spines longer than above (Figs. 73–75).. 9</p><p>9. Anterior of thorax yellowish, black elsewhere (Fig. 43) (Burma)...................................... spinosa Frey</p><p>–. Anterior of thorax black (yellowish brown color may be present on postpronotum only)............................. 10</p><p>10. Mid femur and tibia black; fore coxa with 5 hairs apically; fore femur dorsally with 3–4 thorn-like spicules (Fig. 73); (Thai- land); propleuron yellowish brown (Fig. 41).............................................. pappi Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>–. Mid femur and tibia yellow; fore coxa with 3 hairs apically; fore femur dorsally with 5 thorn-like spicules (Fig. 74) (Taiwan); propleuron brown (Fig. 42)................................................................ punctata Hennig</p><p>11. Antennal flagellomere distinctly darkened with brownish color along anterior edge; abdominal tergites I–II and postpronotum reddish brown; fore femur with row of 5 spicules dorsally (Fig. 76)...................................... thaii Papp</p><p>-. Antennal flagellomere yellowish white, without darkening along anterior edge; abdominal tergite I all yellow, tergites I–II yel- low, tergites III–IV yellow medially; fore femur with two clusters of spicules dorsally (row of 3 spicules basally, row of 5 smaller spicules medially) (Fig. 77)................................................. thailandica Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>12. Posterolateral portion of head, thorax laterally and anteriormost abdominal segments predominantly yellow............. 13</p><p>-. Body predominantly shiny black to brown, without contrasting yellow in areas listed above......................... 14</p><p>13. Palpus elongate, narrow, leading to large rounded, with black clubbed apex (appearing like a tennis racquet) (Fig. 13); lower occiput brown with contrasting white posterolateral spot (Philippines)........................ federeri Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Palpus normal in shape, bacilliform; occiput yellowish brown posteroventrally, without white spot (Sumatra).............................................................................................. darlingi Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>14. Palpus modified, strongly bilobed (e.g., Fig. 12), black apically................................................ 15</p><p>-. Palpus bacilliform, not modified as above................................................................. 16</p><p>15. Palpus boxing-glove shaped (Fig. 12); fore femur with row of dorsal spines extending to apex, short stiff hairs basoventrally (Philippines)...................................................................... caestus Evenhuis, n.sp.</p><p>–. Palpus not glove-shaped, but bilobed with proximal lobe hemispherical with setae, distal lobe ellipsoid, without setae; fore femur with dorsal spines subbasally and at distal two-thirds, row not extending to apex, cluster of yellowish setae basoven- trally (China)................................................................ phillindablank Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>16. Dorsal antennal process much longer than head length; dorsum of fore femur with 6 spines clustered together at extreme base, lacking both long hairs laterally and thorn-like process basoventrally (Philippines)............ inundans Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Dorsal antennal process much shorter than head length; dorsum of fore femur with row of 8–10 minute spines medially, extremely long hairs laterally, thorn-like process basoventrally................................................ 15a</p><p>17. Pleura brown; abdominal tergites brown; halter knob yellow (Peninsular Malaysia)........... malayensis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Pleura yellow; abdominal tergites yellow; halter knob white (Sumatra)....................... oxybeles Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>18. Antennal flagellomere with distinct but short, pointed process anterodorsally (Figs. 24, 26, 29)...................... 19</p><p>-. Antennal flagellomere with indistinct pointed process, small, bump, or process imperceptible (Figs. 23, 31, 32, 35)...... 21</p><p>19. Antennal process length one-half length of flagellomere width (Fig. 26) (Laos)................ laosensis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Antennal process short, pointed, much less than one-half length of flagellomere width (Figs. 24, 29)................. 18</p><p>20. Head and thorax yellow to reddish brown laterally................................... indochinensis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Head and thorax black.................................................................. microstyla Shatalkin</p><p>21. Mesonotum brown, postpronotum contrasting yellow; palpus extremely large, obovate, black (Fig. 15) (Peninsular Malaysia).............................................................................. nigripalpis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>-. Mesonotum yellow to reddish brown, not contrasting in color with postpronotum; palpus not as above................ 22</p><p>22. Palpus not modified, bacilliform, yellow (Taiwan) ............................................ immaculata Hennig</p><p>-. Palpus modified, black, not bacilliform.................................................................. 23</p><p>23. Palpus with apex spherical with single long setae (Fig. 2) (Thailand); fore femur dorsally with 1–2 short spicules apically, 2 long spicules basally......................................................................... palpalis Papp</p><p>–. Palpus with apex flared and rounded but not spherical, with numerous setae apically (Sumatra); fore femur dorsally with 5 short spicules apically, 2 long spicules basally......................................... sumatrana Evenhuis, n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF8DFFB25EBDF5F7E1E10228	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF83FFB25EBDF287E51E0589.text	03C587D8FF83FFB25EBDF287E51E0589.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia albisternum Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia albisternum Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 10, 62)</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily separated from the congeners in this subgroup by non-sclerotized sternites resulting in white abdominal sternites I–II and sometimes III. Other species may have these abdominal segments predominantly white, but there is always a brownish sclerotization of the sternites.</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–4.1 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining black, brown above antennae, yellow above ptilinal suture; face gray; gena gray, silvery pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput black, brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, brown; palpus (Fig. 10) linear-ellipsoid, length four times width, slightly bowed with flared round apex, yellowish white with black apicodorsally, with row of stiff black hairs ventrally, becoming longer and thicker apically; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna: scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere subrhomboid, rounded apically, longer than wide, yellow with brown apicolaterally, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly sinuous dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista subequal in length to dorsal process, styliform, bare. Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining black, sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; propleuron yellow, katepisternum brown, remaining pleura black; anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: coxae white; fore coxa with 3 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 62) yellowish white, white apically, dorsally with 6 short black thorn-like spicules, basalmost pair in close approximation; mid femur yellow; hind femur yellow, brown apically; fore tibia white; mid and hind tibiae brown basally, white apically; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish to tan, weakly sclerotized medially and laterally; tergites III–VI dark brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites I–III not sclerotized, membranous and white-colored; sternites IV–VI brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with white hairs; cerci light brow, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ (pinned) and three ♂ paratypes (preserved in ethanol) from THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: Chiang Mai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8636&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8955" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8636/lat 18.8955)">Botanical Gardens</a>, QSBG, 18.8955°N, 98.8636°E, 11–25 Jul 2013, M. Hauser (QSBG) . Holotype and paratypes in QSBG.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the white non-sclerotized basal abdominal sternites, sclerotized brownish in the other species of the cluster of species in the S. punctata subgroup possessing a small pleural tuft of anepisternal hairs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF83FFB25EBDF287E51E0589	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF83FFB75EBDF5E3E0A002E3.text	03C587D8FF83FFB75EBDF5E3E0A002E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia borneensis Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia borneensis Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 11, 18, 46, 47, 63, 90)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. punctata and S. lowi, n. sp. but can be differentiated from each based on the infuscation of the wing (wing hyaline in S. punctata and S. lowi) and the dark brown mid and hind femora with only the basal fifth yellow (basal third yellow in S. punctata and apex yellow in S. lowi).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 4.3–6.2 mm; wing, 3.8–5.5 mm. Male. Head (cf. Fig. 1): globular, shining black; face gray; gena dull dark grayish brown, row of short yellow hairs ventrally; clypeus small, subrhomboid; palpus (Fig. 11) boat-shaped, dark brown, with black hairs ventrally and apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 18) scape and pedicel dark brown; flagellomere subrhomboid, rounded apically, longer than wide, yellowish brown with apicolateral region dark brown, densely clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, Sshaped dorsal process 1.75 times length of flagellomere; arista slightly shorter than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining black throughout, mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short white hair-like setulae; anepisternum with tuft of black hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with long white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 47) hyaline, tinge of brown at extreme apex; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu not perpendicular to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin subequal in length to crossvein dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 46). Distally a mixture of green and lavender color; magenta-colored in basal half of radial and medial portions; anal lobe with alternating bands of magenta and brassy green; darker coloration corresponding to faint infuscation at apex and medially.</p><p>Legs: coxae, fore femora, and tibiae dark brown, tarsi yellow; fore coxa with 3 long black hairs; fore femur (Fig. 63) dorsally with 4–5 short black thorn-like spicules in single row; mid and hind femora yellow on basal fifth, remainder dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II brown; tergites III–VI black, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 90); epandrium and surstylus shining black, with white hairs; cerci dark brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally; phallapodeme subequal in length to distiphallus; anterior lobe of hypandrium bifid; distiphallus roughly two times length of epandrial complex, with sclerotized globular apex.</p><p>Female. Flagellomere without long dorsal process; arista slender and bare, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; clypeus large, bulbous; anepimeron without lateral tuft of hairs; abdominal segments VI–X modified into a tubular ovipositor. Other characteristics same as those of male; two well-developed spherical spermathecae.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ (BPBM 17,813) from MALAYSIA (Sarawak): Sadong Kampong, Tapuh, 400–450 m, 10 Jul 1958, T.C. Maa (BPBM) . Paratypes: MALAYSIA (Sabah): Penampang District: 7♂, 3♀, Crocker Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.876111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.25/lat 5.876111)">Kiulu</a>, bamboo forest, 570 m (SDG11-20), 5°52'34"N, 116°15'00"E, 18–24 Oct 2011, S. Gaimari, M. Hauser (CSCA) ; 2Ƌ, same data except 18 Oct 2011 (CSCA); 4Ƌ, 6♀, same data except 24 Oct 2011 (CSCA); 1♂, same data, Crocker range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.248055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8722224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.248055/lat 5.8722224)">Kipandi Butterfly Park</a>, 720 m (SDG11-15), 5°52'20"N, 116°14'53"E, 14–24 Oct 2011, Malaise, S. Gaimari, M. Hauser (CSCA). Holotype deposited in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu . Paratypes in CSCA and BPBM.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Sarawak, Sabah).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the island of Borneo on which the type locality occurs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF83FFB75EBDF5E3E0A002E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF86FFB65EBDF521E0770086.text	03C587D8FF86FFB65EBDF521E0770086.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia caestus Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia caestus Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 12, 19)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. phillindablank, n. sp. due to general body coloration and both possessing a bifid palpus, but can be distinguished from it based on the palpus being glove-shaped (palpus bifid but not gloveshaped in S. phillindablank).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 2.3 mm; wing, 2.2 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining black, brown above antennae, yellow margin to ptilinal suture; face gray; gena yellowish white, with row of short yellow hairs ventrally; occiput dark brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, yellowish; palpus (Fig. 12) narrow basally, yellowish white, with large blackish clubbed apex in the shape of a boxing glove, row of sparse stiff black hairs on “thumb”; proboscis yellow.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 19): scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere ovoid, slightly higher than wide, yellow with brown apicolaterally, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly sinuous dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista subequal in length to dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining brown, sparsely clothed with short white hair-like setulae; postpronotum and pleura yellow; anepisternum bare medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein dm-cu almost perpendicular to CuA1; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: coxae yellowish-white; fore coxa with 3 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur white, yellowish white apically, dorsally with 8–10 short black thorn-like spicules in single row dorsally extending to apex of femur, ventrally with short stiff hairs; tibiae and tarsi yellowish-white.</p><p>Abdomen: brown, concolorous with dorsum of thorax, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest laterally on tergites V–VI.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with white hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from the PHILIPPINES: [Negros Island]: Negros Oriental Province: Cuernos de Negros, 7 km west Valencia, 700 m, 15–21 Jul 1988, D.C. Darling, E. Mayordo, 873063, Malaise trap with pans (ROM) . Holotype deposited in the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet derives from the Latin “ caestus ” = gauntlet or boxing glove, in reference to the boxing-glove shaped male palpus. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF86FFB65EBDF521E0770086	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF87FFAB5EBDF0E6E0BE0618.text	03C587D8FF87FFAB5EBDF0E6E0BE0618.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia darlingi Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia darlingi Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 7, 20)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. federeri, n. sp. in both possessing yellow on the head, mesonotum and anteriormost tergites, but can be easily distinguished from it based on the non-modified bacilliform male palpus (racquet-shaped in S. federeri).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.8 mm; wing, 3.2 mm. Male. Head (Fig. 7): elongate, longer than high; frons shining brown posterior to ocellar tubercle, yellowish brown to ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, yellow; palpus bacilliform, unmodified, with row of short brown hairs ventrally.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 20): scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere subovoid, yellow, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly curved brown dorsal process densely clothed with decumbent white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista reduced to stump, short, one-fifth length of flagellomere, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum brown, yellow along anterior and lateral mesonotal margins, sparsely clothed with short white hair-like setulae; pleura yellow; anepisternum with scattered white hairs.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fourth of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward CuA1; last section of CuA1 shorter than dm-cu; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: coxae and fore femora yellowish white, mid and hind femora yellow basally, brown apically; fore coxa with 3 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur with patch of 10–12 minute thorn-like spicules dorsally, with cluster of hairs forming thorn-like process subbasally, 3 very long, stiff orange-yellow hairs laterally at base; tibiae yellowish white; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–III yellowish; tergites IV–VI brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites tan.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with white hairs; cerci light brown, very narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from INDONESIA: Sumatra: Aceh: Gunung Leuser National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=97.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.6833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 97.65/lat 3.6833334)">Ketambe Research Station</a> [3°41'N, 97°39'E], 1–28 Feb 1990, D.C. Darling, IIS 90 0 0 15 (ZMB). Holotype deposited in the Zoological Museum, Bogor.</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra).</p><p>Etymology. This species is name after Dr. Chris Darling, who collected the type specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF87FFAB5EBDF0E6E0BE0618	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF9AFFAA5EBDF69DE50701DA.text	03C587D8FF9AFFAA5EBDF69DE50701DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia federeri Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia federeri Evenhuis, n. sp.(Figs. 13, 21)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is easily distinguished from its congeners in this subgroup by the distinctive racquetshaped male palpus (Fig. 13) and the white posterolateral spot on the lower portion of the occiput.</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.0 mm; wing, 2.8 mm. Male. Head: globular, frons shining brown, yellow above antennae; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short black white ventrally; occiput brown, brown posteroventrally with white posterolateral spot; clypeus thin, yellowish brown; palpus (Fig. 13) with long thin, yellow stem-like base and black clubbed apex making it appear racquet-shaped, without apparent vestiture; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 21) yellow; flagellomere subovoid, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, curved brown dorsal process, densely clothed with decumbent white hairs, four times length of flagellomere; arista one-half length of dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining yellowish brown, minute brownish setulae in rows along slightly darker medial, paired dorsocentral and postalar stripes; pleura brown above, yellow below; anepisternum bare; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa just beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein dm-cu almost perpendicular to CuA1; last section of CuA1 one-half length of dm-cu; crossvein r-m at middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur dorsally with 6 short black thorn-like spicules, ventrally with subbasal cluster of yellowish orange hairs appearing thorn-like; hind femur with minute knob-like protuberance basomesally; otherwise remainder of legs unmodified.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish to tan, weakly sclerotized medially and laterally; tergites III–V brown laterally, yellowish brown medially, tergite VI brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest laterally; sternites pale brown, weakly sclerotized medially.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with white hairs; cerci white, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter brown hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from the PHILIPPINES: [Negros Island]: Negros Oriental Province: Cuernos de Negros, 7 km west Valencia, 700 m, 21–31 May 1988, D.C. Darling, E. Mayordo, 873104, Malaise trap with pans (CNC) . Holotype deposited in the Canadian National Insect Collection, Ottawa.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for tennis champion Roger Federer because of the distinctive racquetshaped male palpus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF9AFFAA5EBDF69DE50701DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF9BFFA95EBDF052E15002FC.text	03C587D8FF9BFFA95EBDF052E15002FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia hauseri Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia hauseri Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 14, 22, 38, 64)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is a member of the complex of species characterized by an S-shaped or strongly curved dorsal antennal process, which includes S. albisternum, n. sp., S. pappi, n. sp., S. punctata, and S. spinosa . It can be easily distinguished from them based on the modified male palpus that is widened and bilobed apically (the palpus not bilobed in the other species in this complex).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 4.1–5.6 mm; wing, 3.3–4.5 mm. Male. Head: globular, frons shining black, brown at ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena yellow with brown margin, silvery pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput black; clypeus thin, brown; palpus (Fig. 14) subtriangular, slightly bilobed, rounded apically, length slightly longer than width, yellowish with row of stiff black hairs ventrally, white hairs apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 22): scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere subrhomboid, rounded apically, longer than wide, brown with yellow basally, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, sinuous black dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, 2.5 times length of flagellomere; arista slightly shorter than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 38): shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining black, sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; propleuron yellow, remaining pleura black; anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline with tinge of brown at apex as a result of dense microtrichia; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward CuA1; halter white.</p><p>Legs: fore coxa yellow, mid and hind coxae brown; fore coxa with four strong black hairs subapically; fore femur (Fig. 64) yellowish brown, dorsally with 4–5 short black thorn-like spicules; mid femur yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly; hind femur yellow on basal one-fourth, brown on apical three-fourths; fore tibia yellow; mid tibia yellowish brown, hind tibiae brown; tarsi white, hind basitarsus longer, subequal to length of tarsal segments II–V combined.</p><p>Abdomen: dark brown to black, tergites with short sparse brown hairs.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with brown hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ and 6♂ paratypes from VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.64611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.464445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.64611/lat 21.464445)">Tam Dao</a>, 21°27'52"N, 105°38'46"E, 1200 m, 19–22 Jun 2014, hand collected, M. Hauser, N. von Ellenreider (CSCA) . Other paratypes: THAILAND: Chiang Mai Province: 12♂, Chiang Mai, botanical garden, QSBG, 18.9855°N, 98.8636°E, 11–25 Jul 2013, M. Hauser (QSBG, CSCA, BPBM) . VIETNAM: Bac Giang: An Lac, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.340557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.96667/lat 21.340557)">Khe Ro forest</a>, 21°20'26"N, 106°58'0"E, 75–150 m, 16–18 May 2013, S.A. Marshall &amp; S. Paiero, debu00360343 (DEBU) . Holotype deposited in the California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento . Paratypes in CSCA, BPBM, and DEBU.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for my friend and colleague, Martin Hauser, who helped collect the holotype and has provided me with excellent specimens for study that he has collected around the world.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF9BFFA95EBDF052E15002FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF98FFAD5EBDF58DE5BF02D9.text	03C587D8FF98FFAD5EBDF58DE5BF02D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia immaculata Hennig	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia immaculata Hennig</p><p>(Figs. 23, 54, 65)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia immaculata Hennig 1940: 309; 1941a: 136. Frey 1956: 129. Steyskal 1971: 144; 1977: 22. Evenhuis 1989: 472. Yang &amp; Wang 1998: 459. Papp 2005: 195. Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 103.</p><p>Diagnosis. Strongylophthalmyia immaculata is similar in appearance to S. palpalis and S. sumatrana, n. sp. on the basis of the yellowish to reddish brown thorax, but it can easily be distinguished from those two by the nonmodified male palpus (bacilliform in S. immaculata; flared apically in S. sumatrana, n. sp.; spherical in S. palpalis).</p><p>Redescription. Lengths [from single examined male]. Ƌ: body, 2.2 mm; wing, 2.0 mm. Male. Head: globular, frons shining brown above ocellar tubercle, yellow below ocellar tubercle to ptilinal suture; face yellowish white; gena yellowish white, silvery pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellow posteroventrally; clypeus thin, white; palpus bacilliform, grayish brown, with white hairs ventrally, single long white seta apically; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 23) yellow; flagellomere subspherical, clothed with white hairs, with barely perceptible minute dorsal process located just anterior to base of arista; arista two times length of flagellomere, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum brown dorsally, mesonotum yellowish laterally, with numerous brown short hair-like setulae; pleura yellow, katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa at level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal onethird of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 54). Generally brassy colored throughout; a thin band of magenta along costa in cell r2+3; cell r1 greenish; anal lobe with subbasal spot of blue surrounded by thin band of magenta.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 1–2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 65) dorsally with 6 short to minute black thorn-like spicules in wavy row, ventrally with subbasal thorn-like cluster of stiff yellowish setae; hind femur with minute knob-like protuberance basomesally; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish to tan, weakly sclerotized medially and laterally; tergites III–VI dark brown, with short sparse yellowish hairs, darker yellow to brown hairs laterally; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with white hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.765076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.45691" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.765076/lat 23.45691)">Material</a> examined: TAIWAN: 1♂, 25 km east of Chiayi [23.456910°N, 120.765077°E], 700 m, 9 Oct 1993, A. Freidberg (TAU).</p><p>Remarks. The holotype male and 10 paratype females were described by Hennig (1940) from Toa Tsui Kutsu [= Dongya Cui Da; 22.901815°N, 121.196501°E] and collected along with S. punctata, S. trifasciata, and S. crinita . The holotype male was not available during this study, but a specimen in TAU determined by Shatalkin as S. immaculata matches the salient characters in Hennig’s description so I am confident of its placement in this subgroup. Although Hennig (1940) described 10 paratype females of S. immaculata, unless they were collected in copula, there is no sure way of associating females with males of this species. They are tentatively left here as paratypes of S. immaculata, but further study may show them to be females of another species.</p><p>Distribution: Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF98FFAD5EBDF58DE5BF02D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF9CFFAD5EBDF15CE7DC0491.text	03C587D8FF9CFFAD5EBDF15CE7DC0491.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia indochinensis Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia indochinensis Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 24, 66)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. laosensis, n. sp. and S. microstyla in possessing a short pointed process on the flagellomere. It can be easily separated from S. laosensis by the dorsal process being much shorter than half the width of the flagellomere (length subequal to half the flagellomere width in S. laosensis) and from S. microstyla by the head and thorax being yellowish to reddish laterally, not black.</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–4.1 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: globular, frons shining brown, yellow below ocellar tubercle to ptilinal suture; face yellowish white; gena yellowish white, silvery pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput brown, reddish brown posteroventrally; clypeus small, squarish, brown; palpus linear-lanceolate, dark brown, with stiff black hairs apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 24) scape and pedicel brown; flagellomere ellipsoid, longer than wide, yellow with brown apicolaterally, clothed with white hairs, with short pointed dorsal process clothed with white hairs, length subequal to length of pedicel; arista two times length of flagellomere, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining yellowish brown dorsally, reddish brown laterally; mesonotum sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; anepisternum bare medially, with sparse white hairs along notopleural suture, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fifth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: coxae yellowish brown, remainder of leg yellowish; fore coxa with 3 yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 66) dorsally with black thorn-like spicules in two rows (4 longer subbasally; 4 shorter medially), ventrally with subbasal cluster of yellow hairs appearing as multiple strong thorns, long stiff yellow hairs basolaterally and ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen: segments I–II brown; segments III–VI black, with short sparse brown hairs dorsally and laterally, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, with white hairs; cerci light brow, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ and paratype ♂ from VIETNAM: Ninh Binh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.58723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.353611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.58723/lat 20.353611)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'13"N, 105°35'14"E, 350–500m, 30 Apr—8 May 2013, S.A. Marshall &amp; S. Paiero, debu00359821 (both in DEBU) . Other paratypes: CAMBODIA: 1♂, Kbal Spean, 29 May 2005, rain forest, sweeping, P. Grootaert (ZRC) . THAILAND: 1♂, Hoa Bing: 6km west of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.9402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.741978" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.9402/lat 20.741978)">Tan Son</a>, forest edge in a gorge, at light, 938 m, 21–23 Apr 2010, 20.741977°N, 104.9401984°E , VN 2010PL_23, L. Papp, L. Peregovits, Z. Soltész, G. Lengyel (HNHM); 1Ƌ, Bac Kan Province, Ba Be National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.62433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.407724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.62433/lat 22.407724)">Na Mam</a>, 22.407725°N, 105.62433°E, 201m, 17 Apr 2010, lake shore forest, sweeping , VN 2010PL_13, L. Papp, L. Peregovits, Z. Soltész, G. Legyel (HNHM). Holotype deposited in the University of Guelph . Paratypes in HNHM, DEBU, and ZRC.</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for its distribution in SE Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF9CFFAD5EBDF15CE7DC0491	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF9DFFAC5EBDF38CE7AB06EB.text	03C587D8FF9DFFAC5EBDF38CE7AB06EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia inundans Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia inundans Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 25, 67)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. malayensis, n. sp. and can easily be distinguished from it by having the dorsal antennal process much longer than the head (much shorter than head length in S. malayensis) and lacking a subbasal thorn-like cluster of hairs ventrally on the fore femur.</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.1 mm; wing, 2.9 mm. Male. Head: globular, frons shining black, yellow just above ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally; occiput black, brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, brown; palpus bacilliform, unmodified, clothed with minute yellow hairs; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 25): yellow; flagellomere ovoid, clothed with white hairs, with very long, slender, slightly sinuous brown dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, four times length of flagellomere; arista short, onehalf length of dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining brown; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-third of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin shorter than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 67) dorsally with 6–7 black thornlike spicules at base, ventrally with subbasal thorn-like cluster of yellowish hairs; mid femur yellow; hind femur yellow, brown apically; fore tibia white; mid and hind tibiae brown basally, white apically; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II brown medially, dark brown laterally; tergites III–VI dark brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with white hairs; cerci yellow, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with admixed black white hairs apically.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ (BPBM 17816) from PHILIPPINES: [Luzon Island:] Camarines Sur Province: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.389/lat 13.65)">Mt Isarog</a> [13.650°N, 123.389°E], 500 m, 4 Apr 1963, H.M. Torrevillas (BPBM) . Holotype deposited in the Bishop Museum.</p><p>Remarks. Hermani Torrevillas, who collected the type specimen, gave a short account of this collecting trip, which was near a Very High Frequency (VHF) relay station on the volcanic cone of Mt. Isarog (Torrevillas 2011: 109). He tells of just escaping, in the last seconds before it hit, a three-meter tall flash flood that ripped through their camp, which was alongside a river. He and the specimens collected were barely saved as he grabbed them and scampered up to higher ground.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines.</p><p>Etymology. This species epithet derives from the Latin “ inundans ” = “flood”; referring to this specimen surviving the flash flood during the collecting trip that secured its capture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF9DFFAC5EBDF38CE7AB06EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF9DFFA35EBDF516E7AB00AA.text	03C587D8FF9DFFA35EBDF516E7AB00AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia laosensis Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia laosensis Evenhuis, n. sp. (Fig. 26)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is most similar to S. indochinensis, n. sp. and S. microstyla on the basis of the short pointed dorsal antennal process, but it can be distinguished from both by the pointed process being one-half the width of the flagellomere (this process much less than one-half the width in S. indochinensis, n. sp. and S. microstyla).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–4.1 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: elongate, frons shining black, yellow above ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena gray, silvery pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus small, squarish, brown; palpus bacilliform, yellowish white with black apically; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 26): yellow; flagellomere subovoid, clothed with white hairs, with short pointed dorsal process, length about one-third length of flagellomere, densely clothed with white hairs; arista short, length subequal to dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining brown; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline with tinge of brown at extreme apex due to dense microtrichia; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa at level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-third of cell dm; crossvein dm-cu perpendicular to CuA1; length of last section of CuA1 to wing margin shorter than dm-cu; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; halter white.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur dorsally with 8 short black thorn-like spicules in in single row on basal half; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II brown, tergites III–VI black, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, with white hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ (BPBM 17814) from LAOS: Vientiane Province: Ban Van Eue [18.6738°N, 102.22°E], 15 Nov 1966, native collector, Rondon-Bishop Museum collection (BPBM).</p><p>Remarks. Coleopterist, J.A. Rondon was on contract in the 1960 s to the Bishop Museum to collect Laotian insects for their collection. If he did not personally collect insects, he would label the collector as an anonymous “native collector ”.</p><p>Distribution. Laos.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the country of the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF9DFFA35EBDF516E7AB00AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF92FFA25EBDF0C2E08D04EC.text	03C587D8FF92FFA25EBDF0C2E08D04EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia lowi Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia lowi Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 27, 39, 55, 68)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. borneensis, n. sp. but can be easily separated from it by the completely hyaline wing (with a tinge of brown apically in S. borneensis due to dense microtrichia) and a hind tarsus that is shorter than the hind tibia (tarsus longer than the hind tibia in S. borneensis).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 2.5–2.7 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: globular, shining black; face brown; gena brown, gray pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput black; clypeus thin, brown; palpus black, appears [concealed in oral cavity] widened apically with stiff black hairs apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 27) scape black, pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere subrhomboid, rounded apically, longer than wide, yellowish brown with apicolateral regions dark brown, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly sinuous dark brown dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, two times length of flagellomere; arista slightly shorter than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 39): shining black, postpronotum brownish black; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short black hair-like setulae; pleura black; anepisternum with tuft of black hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with sparse white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin subequal in length to dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 55). Generally a mixture of blue, green, magenta, and purple proximally, golden to orange posteromedially; apex of wing with spot of blue-green and purple, this color combination larger and more extensive in distal portion of radial field; radial field with successive thin bands of blue-green, magenta, golden, green, and blue from base to medial area; anal lobe with very thin subbasal band of golden and green color surrounded by blue and magenta, becoming purple and golden magenta distally.</p><p>Legs: coxae yellowish brown, femora black, yellow at extreme apex, tibiae yellow; fore coxa with 4 yellowish black hairs; fore femur (Fig. 68) dorsally with 4 strong black thorn-like spicules, ventrally with paired subbasal cluster of yellowish white hairs; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II tan; tergites III–VI dark brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites black.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with yellowish brown hairs; cerci black, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.75/lat 3.3166666)">Material</a> examined. Holotype ♂ and paratype ♂ from MALAYSIA (Peninsular): Gombak Valley, Lazy Dog stream, 3°19'N, 101°45'E, 23 Aug 2008, M. Földvári, over and along water (HNHM) . Holotype and paratype deposited in the Hungarian Museum of Natural History.</p><p>Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for my friend and colleague, Martyn Low, in thanks for his generosity in hosting me during my trip to Singapore and Malaysia in November–December 2013.</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia malayensis Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 28, 56, 69)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. inundans, n. sp. and can easily be distinguished from it by having the dorsal antennal process much shorter than the head (much longer than head length in S. inundans) and having a subbasal thorn-like cluster of hairs ventrally on the fore femur (lacking in S. inundans).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.0– 3.4 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining brown, yellow at ptilinal suture; ocellar tubercle black; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short yellowish white hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, yellowish white; palpus bacilliform, unmodified, yellowish white, with a few short black hairs apically; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 28): scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere yellow, ovoid, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly curved brown dorsal process densely clothed with decumbent white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista slightly longer than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining brown with yellowish brown squarish pre-scutellar area, sparsely clothed with short yellowish white hair-like setulae in dorsocentral and acrostichal rows; propleuron and katepisternum yellow, remaining pleura brownish yellow; anepisternum with numerous yellowish hairs along notopleural suture and ventrally, a few in single row along pleural suture; katepisternum with yellowish hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fourth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin subequal in length to dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 56): generally brassy colored throughout; some hints of blue-green in medial field posteriorly; anal lobe with spot of purple basally.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with single long yellowish white hair; fore femur (Fig. 69) dorsally with small patch of 10 very short black thorn-like spicules mid-dorsally, ventrally with subbasal thorn-like cluster of orange-yellow hairs, dorsally with two long stiff yellowish lateral setae basally, three stiff shorter yellow setae distal to basal setae, dense stiff brownish hairs dorsolaterally, scattered stiff white hairs ventrally; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: black, with short sparse brown hairs dorsally, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, with white hairs; cerci brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ (BPBM 17815) from MALAYSIA ( Peninsular) : Pahang, King George V National Park, Kuala Tahang [4.373987°N, 102.411709°E], 7–14 Dec 1958, J.L. Gressitt (BPBM. Paratypes: MALAYSIA (Peninsular): Selangor, 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.67257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.293099" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.67257/lat 3.293099)">Ulu Langat</a> [3.293099°N, 101.672570°E], 300–390 m, 13 Jun 1958, T.C. Maa (BPBM); 2Ƌ , Kuala Lumpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.616196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.29421" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.616196/lat 3.29421)">Templer Park</a> [3.294210°N, 101.616196°E], 14 Jun 1953, D.K. McAlpine (AMS). Holotype in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu . Paratypes in BPBM and AMS.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Peninsular).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Peninsular Malaysia, in which the type locality is found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF92FFA25EBDF0C2E08D04EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF97FFA55EBDF67BE59301DA.text	03C587D8FF97FFA55EBDF67BE59301DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia microstyla Shatalkin	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia microstyla Shatalkin</p><p>(Figs. 29, 57, 70, 78)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia microstyla Shatalkin 1996: 155 . Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 103.</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to S. indochinensis, n. sp. on the basis of a short pointed dorsal antennal process that is less than one-half the length of the flagellomere, but can easily be distinguished from it by the entirely black head and thorax (yellowish to reddish brown laterally in S. indochinensis).</p><p>Redescription. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 2.5–2.8 mm; wing, 2.0– 2.2 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining black, tinge of brown at ptilinal suture; face gray; gena yellowish gray, silvery pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus thin, brown; palpus obovate, dark brown, with row of short black hairs ventrally; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 29) scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere ovoid, yellow with brown apicolaterally, clothed with white hairs, with dorsal process as small bump; arista 1.5 times length of flagellomere, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining dark brown, tinge of brown on postpronotum; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; anepisternum with sparse white hairs at notopleural suture and a few white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa just before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fourth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin shorter than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 57). Generally brassy green colored throughout, with band of purple along R1 to costa; distally a mixture of blue and brassy color; anal lobe with spot of blue subbasally, surrounded by smudge of magenta.</p><p>Legs: coxae brown; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish hairs; fore femur (Fig. 70) yellowish, dorsally with 9–10 short black thorn-like spicules in two rows, ventrally with single large subbasal black thorn-like seta; mid femur dark brown, yellow only apically; hind femur dark brown; tibiae and tarsi yellow; hind basitarsus (Fig. 78) with row of translucent scale-like setae on mesal surface.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish to tan; tergites III–VI dark brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, with white hairs; cerci dark brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype ♂ from PHILIPPINES: [Luzon]: Manila, Robert Brown (USNM) . Non-types: PHILIPPINES: Luzon: Cavite Province: 3♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.92633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.101833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.92633/lat 14.101833)">Tagaytay</a>, 8 Oct 2006, 14°6.11'N, 120°55.58'E, A. Freidberg (TAU) .</p><p>Distribution: Philippines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF97FFA55EBDF67BE59301DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF94FFA55EBDF052E0C604C5.text	03C587D8FF94FFA55EBDF052E0C604C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia nigripalpis Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia nigripalpis Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 15, 31, 40, 71)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. palpalis Papp and S. sumatrana, n. sp., by all three possessing a indistinct bump or minute dorsal antennal process, but it can be distinguished from them by the brown mesonotum (mesonotum yellow to reddish brown in S. palpalis and S. sumatrana) and the large obovate black male palpus (palpus smaller and differently shaped in S. palpalis and S. sumatrana).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–3.8 mm; wing, 3.0– 3.4 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining black, yellowish brown above ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery white pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally; occiput dark brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus small, squarish, yellowish brown; palpus (Fig. 15) black, linear-ovate, with yellowish white pubescence and scattered black hairs; proboscis yellowish brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 31) scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere ovoid, yellow with yellowish brown apicolaterally, clothed with white hairs, with short, pointed dorsal process distal to base of arista; arista 2.2 times length of flagellomere, styliform, bare; Thorax (Fig. 40): shining brown; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; propleuron yellow, remaining pleura brown; anepisternum with a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fourth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu perpendicular to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin shorter than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>Legs: yellowish white; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 71) dorsally with 4 short black thorn-like spicules in two groups, plus 3 longer subbasally; 8 minute medially and subapically; remainder of leg segments unmodified.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish brown, weakly sclerotized medially; tergites III–VI brown, with short sparse brown hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with admixed brown and white hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with 2 long black hairs medially, shorter yellow hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from MALAYSIA (Peninsular): Pahang: Tanah Rata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.3648&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.4758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.3648/lat 4.4758)">Jasar Peak</a>, 1500–2000 m, 14–22 Mar 2011, 4.4758°N, 101.3648°E, E. Jendek (CNC) . Holotype deposited in CNC.</p><p>Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the characteristic large, black, obovate male palpus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF94FFA55EBDF052E0C604C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FF95FF9B5EBDF535E1FE0081.text	03C587D8FF95FF9B5EBDF535E1FE0081.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia oxybeles Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia oxybeles Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 98, 101)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. malayensis Evenhuis on the basis of the shared setal pattern of spicules and stiff hairs on the male fore femur, but can be distinguished from it by the yellow pleura and abdominal tergites (brown in S. malayensis), and the white halter knob (yellow in S. malayensis).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.3–3.4 mm; wing, 2.7–3.0 mm. Male. Head: elongate; frons shining brown, yellow above ptilinal suture; ocellar tubercle black; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short yellowish black hairs ventrally; occiput yellow; clypeus thin, white; palpus bacilliform, unmodified, yellowish white, with a few short yellow hairs ventrally; proboscis yellow.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 98): scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere yellow, ovoid, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly curved brown dorsal process densely clothed with decumbent white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista slightly longer than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum yellow with broad yellowish brown dorsocentral vittae, sparsely clothed with short yellowish brown hair-like setulae in admedial and medial rows; scutellum brown; pleura yellow; anepisternum with scattered yellowish hairs medially and along notopleural suture, a few along pleural suture; katepisternum with long yellowish hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa before level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fifth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin subequal in length to dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 1–2 long yellowish white hairs subapically; fore femur (Fig. 101) dorsally with small patch of 8–10 very short black thorn-like spicules mid-dorsally, ventrally with subbasal thorn-like cluster of orange-yellow hairs, two long stiff yellowish lateral setae basally, 3–4 stiff shorter yellow setae distal to basal setae, dense stiff brownish hairs dorsolaterally, scattered stiff white hairs ventrally; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: yellow, with short sparse brown hairs dorsally, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, with brown hairs; cerci brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ and paratype ♂ from INDONESIA (Sumatra): Aceh: Gunung Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station, 350 m, 3°41'N, 97°39'°E, 1–31 Jan 1990, D.C. Darling, IIS 900001, 1° rainforest, young forest, Terrace 3, light gap, Malaise trap head (ZMB). Holotype deposited in the Zoological Museum, Bogor . Paratype in ROM.</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named the sharp spiky stiff setae of the fore femur; oxy = sharp; beles = pointed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FF95FF9B5EBDF535E1FE0081	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFAAFF9B5EBDF71BE5AE0526.text	03C587D8FFAAFF9B5EBDF71BE5AE0526.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia palpalis Papp	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia palpalis Papp</p><p>(Figs. 2, 32, 50, 72)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia palpalis Papp in Papp et al. 2006: 168 . Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 103.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. sumatrana, n. sp. based on the yellowish to reddish brown thorax and modified male palpus, but S. palpalis can be differentiated by the spheroid male palpus (Fig. 2) in (the palpus is flared apically and rounded but not spherical in S. sumatrana), and the fore femur (Fig. 72) dorsally has 2 long thorn-like spicules subbasally and 10–12 slightly shorter black spicules medially (2 long spicules basally and 5 short spicules apically in S. sumatrana). The description in Papp et al. (2006: 168) gives excellent characters to identify this species. Photos of the antenna (Fig. 32) and wing (Fig. 50) are added here to further aid in its identification.</p><p>Remarks: Specimens of this species were unavailable for study. For a full description of this species, see Papp in Papp et al. (2006: 168).</p><p>Distribution: Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFAAFF9B5EBDF71BE5AE0526	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFAAFF9A5EBDF546E6E907DD.text	03C587D8FFAAFF9A5EBDF546E6E907DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia pappi Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia pappi Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 33, 41, 58, 73, 79)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia punctata: Papp in Papp et al. 2006: 165 (misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. Among the cluster of species possessing an anepisternal tuft of hairs and an S-shaped dorsal antennal process, this new species is similar to S. punctata Hennig on the basis on the black anterior thoracic color, but it can be distinguished from it by the black mid femur and tibia (these segments yellow in S. punctata) and the yellowish brown propleuron (brown in S. punctata).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.2–3.4 mm; wing, 3.2–3.4 mm. Male. Head: globular, shining black; face black; gena black, gray pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; clypeus thin, brown; palpus subtriangular with slightly rounded apex, yellowish white with fine admixed white and black hairs ventrally and apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 33) brown, yellow only on basomedial portion of flagellomere; flagellomere bean-shaped, rounded apically, longer than wide, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, sinuous brown dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, two times length of flagellomere; arista two-thirds length of dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 41): shining black; mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short black hair-like setulae; propleuron yellowish brown, anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin two-thirds length of dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 58): blue basally becoming darker and purple-colored in distal portion of radial field; brassy colored posteriorly and distally in medial field; anal lobe with thin band of blue-green and purple basally, otherwise, brassy green.</p><p>Legs: fore and mid legs yellow; hind femur black with yellow at extreme base; hind tibia black, yellow at extreme apex; fore coxa with 5 long yellowish hairs; fore femur (Fig. 73) dorsally with 3 strong short thorn-like spicules; hind femur with minute button-like process basomesally; tarsi white; hind basitarsus (Fig. 79) with row of scale-like setae mesally.</p><p>Abdomen: tergite I brown, weakly sclerotized medially; tergites II–VI black; sternites black.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with admixed yellow and black hairs; cerci brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with white and black hairs.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ and paratype ♂ from THAILAND: Nan Province: Ban Na Lae, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.92112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.189013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.92112/lat 19.189013)">Pua</a> [19.189012°N, 100.921118°E], 5 Nov 2004, over rocky forest brook, L. Papp, M. Földvári, No. 19. Other paratypes : THAILAND: 3♂, Mae Fang National Park [19.997319°N, 99.142238°N], 1 Nov 2004, L. Papp, M. Földvári, No. 14 (HNHM, BPBM). Holotype deposited in the Hungarian Museum of Natural History . Paratypes in HNHM and BPBM.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Dr. Laszlo Papp of the Hungarian Museum for his contributions to the knowledge of this family of flies in Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFAAFF9A5EBDF546E6E907DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFABFF995EBDF65FE73A014C.text	03C587D8FFABFF995EBDF65FE73A014C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia phillindablank Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia phillindablank Evenhuis, n. sp.</p><p>Diagnosis. Most similar to S. caestus, n. sp. by the bifid male palpus, but it can be easily separated from it by the shape of the male palpus (two hemispherical lobes in S. phillindablank; glove-shaped in caestus) and the row of spicules on the dorsal surface of the fore femur that do not extend to the apex (these spicules extending to the apex in S. caestus).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–4.1 mm; wing, 2.8–3.0 mm. Male. Head: globular; frons shining yellowish brown; face yellowish white; gena grayish white, silvery pollinose, row of short yellow hairs ventrally; occiput yellow; clypeus thin, yellow; palpus black, bilobed, each lobe almost spherical, with black hairs on proximal lobe, distal lobe without hairs; proboscis yellow.</p><p>Antenna: yellowish white; flagellomere ovoid, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly curved light brownish dorsal process densely clothed with erect white hairs, 1.25 times length of flagellomere; arista subequal in length to dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining yellowish brown, darker dorsally; mesonotum and scutellum with numerous white hairs; anepisternum bare; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa just beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-third of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping toward CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin two times length of dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>Legs: legs white; fore coxa with white hairs subapically; fore femur dorsally with 3 longer black thorn-like spicules subbasally, 3 shorter black thorn-like spicules medially, ventrally with cluster of yellowish setae subbasally.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish, weakly sclerotized medially and laterally; tergites III–VI yellowish brown, with short yellow hairs dorsally; sternites yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining yellowish brown, with white hairs; cerci yellow, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.583/lat 27.795)">Material</a> examined. Holotype ♂ (preserved in ethanol) from CHINA: Yunnan, 10 km NW of Gongshan, 10– 12 Jun 2009, 27.795°N, 98.583°E, 2050 m, S. Blank, A.D. Liston &amp; A. Taeger, Malaise trap 1. Deposited in SDEI.</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of three European colleagues for their contributions to entomological taxonomy: Philippe Grandcolas (phil) + Linda Pitkin (linda) + Stephan M. Blank, who helped collect the type (blank) and is treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFABFF995EBDF65FE73A014C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFA8FF985EBDF1AFE5BF02A4.text	03C587D8FFA8FF985EBDF1AFE5BF02A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia punctata Hennig	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia punctata Hennig</p><p>(Figs. 3, 16, 34, 42, 48, 49, 74)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia punctata Hennig 1940: 312 . Hennig 1941a: 136. Frey 1956: 131. Steyskal 1971: 142; 1977: 22. Shatalkin 1996: 156; 2007: 360. Yang &amp; Wang 1998: 459. Papp in Papp et al. 2006: 165, 170. Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 103.</p><p>Diagnosis. Among the cluster of species with an anepisternal tuft of hairs and an S-shaped dorsal antennal process, this new species is similar to S. pappi, n. sp. by the black anterior thoracic color, but it can be distinguished from it by the yellow mid femur and tibia (these segments black in S. pappi) and the brown propleuron (yellowish brown in S. punctata).</p><p>Hennig’s (1940) original description is extremely vague. A redescription below is based on the only two known verified specimens of this species (the holotype male and paratype female) and follows the format of other descriptions in this paper to allow for easy comparison of characters and character states.</p><p>Redescription. Lengths. Ƌ: [holotype missing abdomen; see remarks below]; wing, 3.0 mm. Male. Head (Fig. 3): globular; frons shining black, thin yellow margin at ptilinal suture; face yellow; gena black, gray pollinose, row of short black hairs ventrally; occiput black; clypeus thin, dark brown; palpus (Fig. 16) subtriangular with flared, rounded apex, yellowish with stiff black hairs ventroapically, admixed with short white hairs dorsoapically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 34) scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere subrhomboid, dorsal margin concave, rounded apically, longer than wide, lateral surface yellow basomedially, brown apically, mesal surface clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, dark brown S-shaped dorsal process densely clothed with white hairs, 2.5 times length of flagellomere; arista three-fourths length of dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 42): shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining black, sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; propleuron brown, remaining pleura black; anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, minute white hairs posterodorsally at prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing (Fig. 49): hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m just before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin slightly shorter than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 48): generally bluish to lavender and purple; radial field with dark blue in distal half, some brassy green color basally; medial field with turquoise blue at apex and along R4+5; anal lobe with thin band of brassy golden color subbasally, then blue, indigo, to purple in succession distally.</p><p>Legs: legs yellow with mid coxa brown, mid femur black, mid tibia black, yellow at apex [right mid leg broken off and glued to label]; hind femur black, yellow at extreme base, hind tibia black, yellow at extreme apex [right hind leg broken off and missing]; tarsi white; fore coxa with 3 long black hairs; fore femur (Fig. 74) dorsally with 5 short black thorn-like spicules, scattered stiff brownish hairs laterally and ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen: [broken off and missing].</p><p>Male genitalia. Not available for study. Hennig’s (1940: fig. 15) illustration is rather simplistic and gives only the general appearance of the male genitalia of this species, which is actually sufficient for any species of the S. punctata subgroup since there are very few notable differences in the male genitalia among its species.</p><p>Female (head and fore legs of paratype female broken off and missing): As in male except for lack of leg modifications; abdomen black, tapering to tubular ovipositor.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.1965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.901815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.1965/lat 22.901815)">Material</a> examined: Holotype ♂ and paratype ♀ from TAIWAN: Toa Tsui Kutsu [= Dongya Cui Da; 22.901815°N, 121.196501°E], May 1914, H. Sauter (SDEI) .</p><p>Distribution: Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFA8FF985EBDF1AFE5BF02A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFA9FF9F5EBDF2C7E036026C.text	03C587D8FFA9FF9F5EBDF2C7E036026C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia sichuanica Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia sichuanica Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 99–101, 102–103)</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. hauseri Evenhuis on the basis of the shared shape of the male palpus and the S-shaped dorsal antennal process, but can be distinguished from it by the non-bifid apex of the male palpus (bifid in S. hauseri), the arista much longer than the dorsal antennal process (shorter than this process in S. hauseri) and the minute black vestiture on the laterotergite (white in S. hauseri).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.8–4.2 mm; wing, 3.5–4.0 mm. Male. Head: globular, shining black; face gray, yellow between antennal bases; gena dull dark grayish brown, row of short black hairs ventrally; clypeus small, subrectangular, black, yellowish brown medially; palpus (Fig. 100) subtriangular, flared apically, with black hairs ventrally, yellow apically; proboscis black.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 99) scape and pedicel yellowish brown; flagellomere subrhomboid, rounded apically, longer than wide, predominantly dark brown laterally, predominantly yellowish mesally with dark brown margins, densely clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, S-shaped dorsal process 2 times length of flagellomere; arista slightly shorter than dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining black throughout, except propleuron yellow to yellowish brown, mesonotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with short white hair-like setulae; anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with long white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing. hyaline, tinge of brown at extreme apex; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu not perpendicular to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin one-half length of crossvein dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 103). Distally a mixture of green, golden, and magenta color; turquoise and magenta-colored in basal half of radial and medial portions; distal portion of medial field predominantly green; anal lobe predominantly magenta and indigo, with a streak of blue along vein CuA1; cell dm with a streak of blue-green along vein CuA1; medial-cubital field magenta.</p><p>Legs: for and hind coxae yellowish white; mid coxa black; fore femora and tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi yellow; fore coxa with 6 long black hairs; fore femur (Fig. 102) dorsally with 5–6 short black thorn-like spicules in single row; mid femur yellow on basal three-fourth, black on apical one-fourth; hind femur yellow on basal half, black on apical half; mid tibia black on basal half, yellow on apical half (on lateral surface), all yellow (mesal surface); hind tibia black on basal three-fifths, yellow on apical one-fifth; all tarsi yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites shining black, with short sparse black hairs, these hairs longest on tergites V–VI; sternites dark brown.</p><p>Male genitalia: not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining black, with white hairs; cerci grayish brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally.</p><p>Female. Flagellomere ovoid, without long dorsal process; arista styliform and bare, 2.5 times length of flagellomere; clypeus large, bulbous, brownish medially, black laterally; anepimeron without lateral tuft of hairs; mid and hind femora black except yellow at extreme base; mid and hind tibiae black except at extreme apex; abdominal segments VI–X modified into a tubular ovipositor. Other characteristics same as those of male.</p><p>Variation. The male propleural color is yellow in two of the three males, but reduced to a small spot surrounding the anterior spiracle in the third. The mid femur in the males is normally darkened with black in the apical half, but is reduced to yellowish brown splotches in the same specimen with the reduced yellow propleural color.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from CHINA (Sichuan): Emeishan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.39633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.574947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.39633/lat 29.574947)">Leshan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.39633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.574947" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.39633/lat 29.574947)">Mt. Emei</a>, 660–950 m, 29°34'29.81"N, 103°23'46.80"E, 18–20 May 2016, O. Lonsdale, CNC 564606 . Paratypes: 2♂, 6♀, same data as holotype, CNC 564598 –564605. Holotype in CNC. Paratypes in BPBM and CNC.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the province of the type locality in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFA9FF9F5EBDF2C7E036026C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFAEFF9E5EBDF5EDE65501E0.text	03C587D8FFAEFF9E5EBDF5EDE65501E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia spinosa Frey	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia spinosa Frey</p><p>(Figs. 43, 52, 75)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia spinosa Frey 1956: 131 . Steyskal 1971: 142; 1977: 22. Papp in Papp et al. 2006: 166. Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 104.</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on a yellow prothoracic region contrasting an otherwise black thorax, this species is most similar in general appearance to S. nigripalpis, n. sp., but it can be separated from it based on the differently shaped flagellomere and male palpus. The combination of the anepisternal tuft of hairs (Fig. 43) and flagellomere shape place it in a cluster of species including S. pappi, n. sp. and S. punctata Hennig. It can be separated from them by the yellow anterior portion of the thorax (all black in S. pappi and S. punctata), and the 4 short thorn-like spicules dorsally on the fore femur (Fig. 75). A photograph of the wing (Fig. 52) is provided here to further aid in its identification.</p><p>Remarks. No specimens were available for direct examination during this study. However, photographs of the holotype (deposited in MZH) were made available from which the above diagnosis was made. The dorsal antennal processes of both antennal flagellomeres are broken off and missing; however, the combination of the shape of the flagellomere (subrhomboid/axe-shaped) and the presence of the anepisternal tuft of silvery white hairs puts S. spinosa into the cluster of species that have an S-shaped dorsal process and it is coded as such here in the key to species.</p><p>One of the specimens from Thailand identified in Papp et al. (2006: 166) as S. spinosa was misidentified. It was not available for study, but photographs were sent, which show it to have an all black thorax, which confirms that it belongs to another species. It lacks a head, which makes it difficult to positively place it to species, but it may be S. thailandica .</p><p>Distribution: Northern Burma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFAEFF9E5EBDF5EDE65501E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFAFFF9D5EBDF004E7C403F9.text	03C587D8FFAFFF9D5EBDF004E7C403F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia sumatrana Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia sumatrana Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 35, 59)</p><p>Diagnosis. Most similar in appearance to S. palpalis Papp based on similar antennal characters, but can be easily separated from it by the differently shaped male palpus (spherical in S. palpalis; subtriangular, flared apically, but not spherical in S. sumatrana).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.2 mm; wing, 3.0 mm. Male. Head: prognathus; frons shining brown, yellow above antennae; face yellow; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally; occiput brown, yellowish brown posteroventrally; clypeus small, rectangular, yellow; palpus flared and rounded apically, slightly bifid, with sparse white hairs; proboscis yellowish brown apically.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 35) scape and pedicel yellow; flagellomere ovoid, yellow, clothed with white hairs, dorsal process a small bump distal to base of arista, with white hairs; arista 1.5 times length of dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax: shining; mesonotum yellow, scutellum yellowish brown, dorsum with numerous white hairs; pleura yellow, anepisternum bare; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa just beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m at basal one-fourth of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 slightly converging distally; crossvein dm-cu almost perpendicular to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin slightly longer than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 59): generally brassy colored with blue to blue-green in posterior and distal portions of wing; thin band of magenta along R2+3; anal lobe with magenta basally, otherwise, brassy colored.</p><p>Legs: yellow; fore coxa with 2 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur dorsally with 2 long thorn-like spicules subbasally, 5 short thorn-like spicules on apical one-third; tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish laterally; otherwise abdomen brown with sparse brown hairs dorsally and laterally.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining brown, with white hairs, surstylus yellow at apex; cerci light brown, very narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ from INDONESIA: Sumatra: Aceh: Gunung Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station [3°41'N, 97°39'°E], 1–28 Feb 1990, D.C. Darling, IIS 9 0 0 0 15 (ZMB). Holotype deposited in the Zoological Museum, Bogor.</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the island of the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. It is interesting to note that Strongylophthalmyia gibbifera Shatalkin from Thailand and Vietnam, has a similarly shaped antennal flagellomere but lacks the spines on the fore femur. Due to this lack of spines, it is thus not included in the punctata subgroup, but the coarctata subgroup.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFAFFF9D5EBDF004E7C403F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFACFF9D5EBDF23CE5AE07F3.text	03C587D8FFACFF9D5EBDF23CE5AE07F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia thaii Papp	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia thaii Papp</p><p>(Figs. 36, 60, 76)</p><p>Strongylophthalmyia thaii Papp in Papp et al. 2006: 171 . Shatalkin 2007: 360. Iwasa &amp; Evenhuis 2014: 104. Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin 2016: 139.</p><p>Diagnosis. Among the cluster of species possessing an anepisternal tuft of hairs and an S-shaped dorsal antennal process, this species in most similar to S. thailandica, n. sp. both species of which possess white coxal hairs and a non-flared male palpus, but S. thaii can be easily distinguished from it by coloration of the antennal flagellomere (darker and with brown along the anterior edge in S. thaii; yellowish white in S. thailandica), reddish brown tergites I–II (tergites I–II yellowish in S. thailandica) and the different pattern of arrangement of the dorsal spicules on the fore femur (3 spicules basally and 5 spicules apically in S. thailandica; 5 spicules in S. thaii).</p><p>Material examined: Paratype ♂ from THAILAND: Nan Province: Ban Na Lae, near Pua, 5 Nov 2004, over a rocky forest brook, M. Földvári, No. 19 (BPBM).</p><p>Remarks. The original description covers the salient descriptive characters. I provide two additions: the fore femur (Fig. 76) dorsally has 5 short thorn-like spicules, and there are scattered stiff black hairs laterally and apically. The WIP (Fig. 60) is generally brassy posteriorly and distally; blue-green at base of radial field, becoming blue, and purple in succession distally to medial portion of radial field; thin band of blue and blue-green along costa to R4+5; distomedial portion of radial and medial fields brassy orange-colored; anal lobe with mixture of blue and brassy colors subbasally, otherwise, golden brassy. A photo of the antenna (Fig. 36) is provided here for direct comparison to other species in this subgroup.</p><p>Nothing further can be added based on examination in this study of a paratype. The ftwo emales from Vietnam identified as S. thaii by Galinskaya &amp; Shatalkin (2016) may not be this species (females of the S. punctata subgroup are difficult to associate with males unless they were collected together, and preferably in copula). Until irrefutable characters can be found to associate males and females, I prefer to treat their S. thaii female as undetermined.</p><p>Distribution: Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFACFF9D5EBDF23CE5AE07F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
03C587D8FFACFF9C5EBDF629E7AB076C.text	03C587D8FFACFF9C5EBDF629E7AB076C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylophthalmyia thailandica Evenhuis	<div><p>Strongylophthalmyia thailandica Evenhuis, n. sp. (Figs. 4–6, 17, 37, 44, 61, 77)</p><p>Diagnosis. Most similar to S. thaii Papp (see above for characters both possess), but can be easily distinguished from it by the yellowish white antennal flagellomere (darker and with brown along the anterior edge in S. thaii), medially yellow tergites I–IV (tergites I–II reddish brown and tergites II–V brown in S. thaii) and the different pattern of dorsal spicules on the fore femur (3 spicules basally and 5 spicules apically in S. thailandica; 5 spicules in S. thaii).</p><p>Description. Lengths. Ƌ: body, 3.4–4.1 mm; wing, 3. 0–3.6 mm. Male. Head (Fig. 5, 6): globular; frons shining black, brown above ptilinal suture; face yellowish gray; gena yellow, silvery pollinose, row of short white hairs ventrally, longer black hairs anteriorly; occiput black; clypeus thin, yellow; palpus (Fig. 17) bacilliform, slightly bowed, length ca. six times width, with rounded apex, yellowish white with black apical one-fourth, with row of stiff black hairs ventrally, becoming longer and thicker apically; proboscis brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 37) yellowish white; flagellomere subovoid, clothed with white hairs, with long, slender, slightly sinuous brown dorsal process clothed with erect white hairs, 1.5 times length of flagellomere; arista subequal in length to dorsal process, styliform, bare.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 44): shining; mesonotum and scutellum shining black, sparsely clothed with short hair-like setulae; propleuron yellow, remaining pleura black; anepisternum with tuft of silvery white hairs medially, a few minute white hairs along prealar suture; katepisternum with white hairs ventrally near mid coxa.</p><p>Wing: hyaline; vein R2+3 nearly straight, ending in costa well beyond level of crossvein dm-cu; crossvein r-m just before middle of cell dm; veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel distally; crossvein dm-cu sloping to CuA1; last section of CuA1 to wing margin slightly shorter than dm-cu; halter white.</p><p>WIP (Fig. 61): predominantly brassy colored with blue, blue-green and purple basally; thin band of blue along R1, then along costa to R4+5; purple and magenta colors at base of radial field, brassy medially, magenta to thin purple-colored distally; anal lobe with spot of brassy green basally, surrounded by thin band of purple and magenta, otherwise, brassy colored; thin streak of turquoise blue extending from base of cell dm past dm-cu crossvein into cubital field of wing, becoming diffuse into brassy color of posterior portion of wing at wing margin.</p><p>Legs: yellow, apex of fore femur white, tip of hind femur brown; fore coxa with 3 long yellowish white hairs; fore femur (Fig. 77) dorsally with short thorn-like spicules in two groups (3 long subbasally; 4–5 short subapically); tarsi white.</p><p>Abdomen: tergites I–II yellowish dorsally and laterally, yellow extending medially on tergites II–IV (and rarely V); remainder of abdomen brown, with scattered brown hairs dorsally and laterally.</p><p>Male genitalia. Not dissected; epandrium and surstylus shining dark brown, surstylus yellowish brown apically, with white hairs; cerci light brown, narrow basally, flared and rounded apically, with long white hairs dorsally, shorter black hairs apically and ventrally</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype ♂ and 18♂ paratypes from THAILAND: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.19744&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.577026" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.19744/lat 19.577026)">Muang Paem</a> [19.577026°N, 98.197443°E], 29 Oct 2002, D. Kovac (TAU) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.20222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.45057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.20222/lat 19.45057)">Other</a> paratypes: THAILAND: 3♂, 5 km SE Soppong [19.450570°N, 98.202218°E], 26 Oct 2002, A. Freidberg; 1Ƌ, same data except 1 km S , 27 Oct 2002 (TAU, BPBM); Kamphaeng Phet Province: 2Ƌ, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.232666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.038883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.232666/lat 16.038883)">Mae Wong National Park</a>, checkpoint 65, 215 m, 16°2.333'N, 99°13.96'E , 10–11 Aug 2007, pan trap T3770, W. Srolopien, R. Phumirate (CNC); 1Ƌ, Chiang Mai Province, Chiang Mai, botanical garden, QSBG, 18.8955°N, 98.8636°E, 11–25 Jul 2013, M. Hauser (CSCA). Holotype deposited in Tel Aviv University . Paratypes in TAU, CSCA, CNC, and BPBM.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the country of the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587D8FFACFF9C5EBDF629E7AB076C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Evenhuis, Neal L.	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2016): World review of the genus Strongylophthalmyia Heller (Diptera: Strongylophthalmyiidae). Part I: Introduction, morphology, species groups, and review of the Strongylophthalmyia punctata subgroup. Zootaxa 4189 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.2.1
