identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C587E48B1E9414FF2CFA9AFC92FAF7.text	03C587E48B1E9414FF2CFA9AFC92FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyphidrilus Horst 1889	<div><p>Genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889</p> <p>Type species Glyphidrilus weberi Horst, 1889, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E48B1E9414FF2CFA9AFC92FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chanabun, Ratmanee;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros;Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen;Panha, Somsak	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen, Panha, Somsak (2012): Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa 3458: 120-132
03C587E48B1E9411FF2CFA4FFAEEFC97.text	03C587E48B1E9411FF2CFA4FFAEEFC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyphidrilus bisegmentus Chanabun & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Tan & Panha 2012	<div><p>Glyphidrilus bisegmentus Chanabun &amp; Panha, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 1, 2A, 3, Table 1)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: One clitellate (CUMZ 3276) (Fig. 3), Air Banun Pandig, Perak, Malaysia, 496 meters in elevation, S. Panha, R. Chanabun, P. Tongkerd and C. Sutcharit leg., 27 May 2011. 17 clitellates and 8 aclitellates as paratypes (CUMZ 3277), 3 clitellates (ZMH OL14575), 3 clitellates (NHM), same collection data as for holotype.</p> <p>Other material. 22 clitellates and 4 aclitellates (CUMZ 3278), muddy swamp near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.323135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.932083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.323135/lat 7.932083)">Kratu</a> waterfall, Kratu, Phuket, Thailand, 07°55'55.5''N, 098°19'23.3"E., 11 m asl, 11 December 2009.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.71141&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6370554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.71141/lat 5.6370554)">River</a> banks of Air Banun Pandig, Perak, Malaysia, 05°38'13.4''N, 101°42'41.1"E, 496 m asl.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species was named after the character of having wings only on two segments at 18–19.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small sized limicolous earthworm with distinct expanded tissues of clitellar wing organs on the lateral sides of the body in 18–19. Clitellum in 16, 17–23, 24. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings absent. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 largest. Intestinal origin in 15. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostates, accessory glands, and spermathecae absent.</p> <p>“*” Data same as the holotype</p> <p>“?” Not shown in original description</p> <p>“1” Type specimens examined and data from original description</p> <p>“2” Data only from original description and Shen &amp; Yeo (2005)</p> <p>“3” Data only from original description</p> <p>“4” Type specimen examined</p> <p>Description of holotype. Dimensions: body length 71 mm, diameter 2.3 mm in segment 8, 2.4 mm before clitellar wings in segment 17, 2.0 mm after wings in segment 20 within the clitellum; body cylindrical in anterior part, quadrangular in transverse section behind clitellum. 217 segments. Body colour pale brown with variations from red to pink at adjacent tissues of wing portion in different individuals of newly collected specimens after placement in 30% ethanol for narcotization. At posterior end dorsal surface considerably broader than ventral. Stout wings like lateral ridges in bc extending through segments 18–19 in clitellar region. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular in 17–24. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2, setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 1.0:0.5:1.1:0.5:1.2 in segment 8. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings absent.</p> <p>Septa 4/5–7/8 thicker, 8/9–11/12 thick, from 12/13 to last segment thin. Gizzard small, globular within 8–9. Intestine enlarged from 15. Dorsal blood vessel anterior to 9. Hearts from 9–11. No nephridia distinguishable in first 14 segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, pair in segment 12 larger than the others but pair in segments 10 and 11 very small. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands, and spermathecae absent.</p> <p>Variation. Body length 40–71 mm (57.06±20.50), with 152–252 segments. Wings always in 18–19 (covering 2 segments), clitellum in 16, 17–23, 24 (covering 6–9 segments). Genital markings always absent.</p> <p>Habitat. Found on the shore but in proximity to the river water, in the sandy loam topsoil with 65% sand, 35% silt, with pH 7.2, and also under the water at about 5–10 cm in depth. The bank of river was covered with worm casts at Air Banun Pandig, Perak, Malaysia and at Kratu Waterfall, Kratu, Phuket, Thailand.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known from the type locality, Air Banun Pandig, Perak, Malaysia and from a muddy swamp near Kratu waterfall, Kratu, Phuket, Thailand.</p> <p>Remarks. This athecal species is quite distinct from others of the genus, which typically have several spermathecae per segment in several segments and wings on more than two segments. Among the species bearing spermathecae, G. malayanus from the Malay Peninsula is most similar to G. bisegmentus sp. n. in the location of the clitellum. However, the other characters are specifically different. Glyphidrilus malayanus has longer wings in 17, ¾18, 18–⅓21, ⅓22, 22 and spermathecae in 14/15–16/17. Glyphidrilus bisegmentus sp. n. differs from the Laotian athecal G. vangviengensis by the following characteristics: G. vangviengensis has longer wings in 24, 25–31, 32, and longer clitellum in 19, 20–35, 36, 37 (Table 1).</p> <p>Material of other species examined for comparison. Glyphidrilus malayanus Michaelsen, 1902: 35: one clitellate (syntype ZMH V5875); type locality: Malay Peninsula, Lubock Paku, Pahang River. Glyphidrilus vangviengensis Panha &amp; Chanabun, 2011: 216, Figs. 1–3; one clitellate (holotype CUMZ 3221) and 10 clitellates (paratypes CUMZ 3222); type locality: river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Veintiane Province, Laos.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E48B1E9411FF2CFA4FFAEEFC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chanabun, Ratmanee;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros;Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen;Panha, Somsak	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen, Panha, Somsak (2012): Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa 3458: 120-132
03C587E48B1B941CFF2CFCEEFDEEFC27.text	03C587E48B1B941CFF2CFCEEFDEEFC27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyphidrilus kotatinggi Chanabun & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Tan & Panha 2012	<div><p>Glyphidrilus kotatinggi Chanabun &amp; Panha, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 1, 2B, 4, Table 1)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: One clitellate (CUMZ 3274) (Fig. 4), Kota Tinggi waterfall, Johor, Malaysia, 62 meters in elevation, S. Panha, R. Chanabun, P. Tongkerd and C. Sutcharit leg., 20 May 2011. Four paratypes: 3 clitellates (CUMZ 3275), 1 clitellate (ZMH 14574), same collection data as for holotype.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.83447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.8290278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.83447/lat 1.8290278)">River</a> banks of Kota Tinggi waterfall, Johor, Malaysia, 01°49'44.5''N, 103°50'4.1"E, 62 m asl.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species was named after the Kota Tinggi waterfall, a famous waterfall. This is the first record of Glyphidrilus from this place.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium sized limicolous earthworm with distinct expanded tissues of clitellar wing organs on the lateral sides of the body in 20, 21–¼26, 26. Clitellum in 17, 18–28, 29, 30. Female pores, male pores not visible. Inseminated spermathecae visible through body wall in 14/15–16/17. Genital markings post-setal median unpaired without rim on aa in 17, 19, post-setal lateral paired or asymmetrically distributed without rim near b or bc in 11–15, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 26–27. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 largest. Three paired of hearts in 9–11. Intestinal origin in 14. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae in 13/14–16/17, one to four on each side per segment.</p> <p>Description of holotype. Dimensions: body length 195 + mm, diameter 3.1 mm in segment 8, 3.1 mm before clitellar wings in segment 20, 3.2 mm behind wings in segment 27 in intraclitellar region. Body cylindrical in anterior part, quadrangular in transverse section behind clitellum. 284 + segments. Body colour pale brown with variations from red to pink at adjacent tissues of wing portion in different individuals of newly collected specimens after placement in 30% ethanol for narcotization. Dorsal surface considerably broader than the ventral at posterior end. Clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of clitellum in 21–¼26, 5.4 mm long, about 0.6 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular in 18–29. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2, setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 0.9:0.4:1.6:0.5:1.5 in segment 8. Female pores and male pores not visible. Inseminated spermathecae visible through body wall on b, c, and d line in 14/15–16/17. Genital markings: postsetal median unpaired without rim on aa in 19, post-setal lateral paired without rim near b in 11–15, 20 and 26–27; in 11–13 three genital markings on each side, in 14–15 only one.</p> <p>Septa 4/5–7/8 thicker, 8/9–11/12 thick and 12/13 to the last segment thin. Gizzard small, globular within 8–9. Intestine enlarged from 14. Dorsal blood vessel aborted anterior to 9. Hearts from 9–11. No nephridia distinguishable in first eleven segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with pair in segment 12 larger than the others. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae in 13/14–16/17, three to four on each side in 14/15–16/17, inseminated, one or two on each side in 13/14, not inseminated. Number of spermathecae on the right side: two in 13/14, three in 14/15, four in 15/16 and in 16/17, on the left side: one in 13/14, three in 14/ 15 and 16/17, and four in 15/16.</p> <p>Variation. Body length of the four paratypes 151 + – 187 mm, with 221 + –415 segments. Wings in 20, 21–¼26, 26 (covering 6–7 segments), clitellum in 17, 18–28, 29, 30 (covering 11–14 segments). Genital markings: postsetal median unpaired without rim on aa in 17, 19, post-setal lateral paired or asymmetry without rim near b or bc in 11–15, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 26–27.</p> <p>Habitat. Found on the shore but in proximity to the river water, in the loamy sand topsoil with 82% sand, 14.28% silt and 3.57% clay, with pH 7.54, and also under the water at about 15–25 cm in depth. The river bank near the waterfall was covered with worm casts.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known only from the type locality.</p> <p>Remarks. Five described species from areas near Malaysia include G. kukenthali, G. malayanus, G. gatesi, G. singaporensis, and G. vangviengensis. They are different from the new species with respect to spermathecae, genital markings, clitellum and wing locations. Glyphidrilus kotatinggi sp. n. is most similar to G. singaporensis Shen &amp; Yeo, 2005, described from a locality nearby (only 45 km apart). Referring to the original description of the latter, G. kotatinggi differs in larger body size (115 + –195 + mm vs. 112–142 mm), higher segment number (221 + –415 + vs. 163–220), and in the absence of unpaired post-wing genital markings. Further possible differences (clitellum covering 11–14 segments and wings covering 6–7 segments vs. clitellum covering 9–14 segments and wings covering 5–6 segments) are inconclusive due to intraspecific variations in both species that lead to character overlap. For a detailed comparison, we re-investigated the holotype of G. singaporensis and we collected new topotypic material. As a result, we confirm the three above-mentioned differences of G. kotatinggi to G. singaporensis. A comparison of G. kotatinggi with G. singaporensis (specified for holotype, paratypes, and topotypic material) is given in Table 1.</p> <p>Differences of further species to G. kotatinggi sp. n. are as follows (see also Table 1):</p> <p>G. kukenthali from Sarawak differs in slightly longer wings in 18, ½18, 19–24, ½24, longer clitellum in ½13–34, hearts in 7–11, and spermathecae in 14–18.</p> <p>G. malayanus from the Malay Peninsula has a bit shorter wings in 17, ¾18, 18–⅓21, ⅓22, 22, a shorter clitellum in 15–25, 26, intestinal origin in 16, and spermathecae in 14/15–16/17.</p> <p>G. gatesi from Johor, Malaysia has wings in 18, ½19, 19–½24, 24, a shorter clitellum, in ½17, 17, 18–25, ½26, 26, intestinal origin in 18, and spermathecae in 15–17.</p> <p>G. vangviengensis reported from the river bank of Song River at Vangvieng, Laos, has longer wings in 24, 25–31, 32, longer clitellum in 19, 20–35, 36, 37, intestinal origin in 16, and spermathecae are absent.</p> <p>G. bisegmentus sp. n. from Air Banun Pandig, Perak, has shorter wings, shorter clitellum, and genital markings and spermathecae are absent.</p> <p>G. peninsularis sp. n. from Sungei Bantang, has longer wings, a slighlty longer clitellum, four pairs of hearts in 8–11, and spermathecae in 14/15–17/18.</p> <p>Material of other species examined for comparison. Glyphidrilus kukenthali Michaelsen, 1896: 195, pl. 13, Fig. 1; type locality: Borneo, Barem River, Sarawak. Glyphidrilus malayanus Michaelsen, 1902: 35; one clitellate (syntype ZMH V 5875); type locality: Malay Peninsula, Lubock Paku, Pahang River. Glyphidrilus gatesi Shen &amp; Yeo, 2005: 16, Fig. 1; one clitellate (holotype ZRC 1974.12.2.51) and 9 clitellates and 2 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC 1974.12.2.52–62); type locality: Sungei Kayu, swamp forest near River Sedili, Johor, Malaysia. Glyphidrilus singaporensis Shen &amp; Yeo, 2005: 18, Fig. 3; one clitellate (holotype ZRC) and 2 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC) and 10 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (topotypes CUMZ 3273); type locality: Jungle Fall Valley, Bukit Timah, Singapore. Glyphidrilus vangviengensis Panha &amp; Chanabun, 2011: 216, Figs. 1–3; one clitellate (holotype CUMZ 3221) and 10 clitellates (paratypes CUMZ 3222); type locality: river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Veintiane Province, Laos.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E48B1B941CFF2CFCEEFDEEFC27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chanabun, Ratmanee;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros;Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen;Panha, Somsak	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen, Panha, Somsak (2012): Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa 3458: 120-132
03C587E48B16941FFF2CFC7EFDEFF83C.text	03C587E48B16941FFF2CFC7EFDEFF83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyphidrilus peninsularis Chanabun & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Tan & Panha 2012	<div><p>Glyphidrilus peninsularis Chanabun &amp; Panha, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs 1, 2C, 5, Table 1)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: One clitellate (CUMZ 3279) (Fig. 5), Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia, 99 meters in elevation, S. Panha, R. Chanabun, P. Tongkerd and C. Sutcharit leg., 21 May 2011. 32 clitellates and 12 aclitellates as paratypes (CUMZ 3280), 3 clitellates (ZMH 14576), 3 clitellates (NHM), same collection data as for holotype.</p> <p>Other material. 45 clitellates and 11 aclitellates (CUMZ 3281), Gua Pulai, Kelantan, Malaysia, 04°74'36.3'N, 101°56'31.8"E, 119 m asl, 26 May 2011. 40 clitellates and 24 aclitellates (CUMZ 3282), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.28958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.439361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.28958/lat 5.439361)">Kebun Bunka</a>, Penang, Malaysia, 05°26'21.7''N, 100°17'22.5"E, 74 m asl, 19 May 2011.</p> <p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.16253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3306944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.16253/lat 2.3306944)">River</a> banks of Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia, 02°19'50.5''N, 103°09'45.1"E, 99 m asl.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species was named peninsularis because of its wide distribution throughout the Malay Peninsula.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small sized limicolous earthworm with distinct expanded tissues of wings in 22, 23–28, ½29, 29. Clitellum in 17, 18–31, 32. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: midventral unpaired in 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 31, 32, lateral paired or asymmetrical on bc in 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 29, 30. Four pairs of hearts in 8–11. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 largest. Intestinal origin in 14. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Four spermathecae in each of 14/15–17/18.</p> <p>Description of holotype. Dimensions: body length 87 mm, diameter 1.1 mm in segment 8, 2.5 mm before the clitellar wings in segment 22, 2.2 mm after wings in segment 30 in clitellar region; body cylindrical in anterior part, quadrangular in transverse section-behind clitellum. 228 segments. Body colour pale brown with variations from red to pink at adjacent tissues of wing portion in different individuals of newly collected specimens. At posterior end dorsal surface considerably broader than the ventral. Clitellar wings on ventro-lateral part of clitellum in 23–29, 2.1 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide on both sides. Prostomium zygolobous. Dorsal pores absent. Clitellum annular in 18–32. Four pairs of setae per segment from 2, setal formula aa:ab:bc:cd:dd = 0.9:0.5:1.0:0.6:1.6 in segment 8. Female pores, male pores and spermathecal pores not visible. Genital markings: paired or asymmetrical on bc in 15, 22, median unpaired on aa in 19 and 31, 32.</p> <p>Septa 5/6–7/8 thicker, 8/9–12/13 thick and 13/14 to the last segment thin. Gizzard small, globular within 7–8. Intestine enlarged from 14. Dorsal blood vessel anterior to 8. Hearts from 8–11. No nephridia distinguishable in the first eleven segments. Four pairs of seminal vesicles in 9–12, with the pair in segment 12 larger than the others. Ovaries in 13–14. Prostate and accessory glands absent. Spermathecae in 14/15–17/18, a pair on each side per segment.</p> <p>Variation. Body length of type and non-type material 49–94 mm (73.79±31.81), with 206–281 segments. Wings in 22, 23–28, ½29, 29 (covering 6–8 segments), with clitellum in 17, 18–31, 32 (covering 14–16 segments). Genital markings: midventral unpaired in 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 31, 32, lateral paired or asymmetrical on bc in 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22 and 29, 30.</p> <p>Habitat. Found on the shore but in proximity to the river water, in the loamy sand topsoil with 70.83% sand, 23% silt, 4.1% clay, with pH 7.48 from Sungei Bantang, Johor, Malaysia. In the river banks, in the silt topsoil with 93% silt, 7% clay, with pH 8.01 of Gua Pulai, Kelantan, Malaysia. In the sand topsoil 87.50% sand, 8.33% silt, 4.16% clay, with pH 7.61, from Kebun Bunka, Penang, Malaysia and also under the water at about 10–20 cm in depth. Worm casts were abundant along the river banks at all sites.</p> <p>Distribution. The new species is known from the type locality, Sungei Bantang, Johor, river banks of Gua Pulai, Kelantan, and muddy swamp in Kebun Bunka, Penang, Malaysia.</p> <p>Remarks. Glyphidrilus peninsularis sp. n. is different from other species in the following (see also Table 1):</p> <p>G. kukenthali from Sarawak has wings in 18, ½18, 19–24, ½24, longer clitellum in ½13–34, hearts in 7–11, and spermathecae in 14–18.</p> <p>G. malayanus from Malay Peninsula has shorter wings in 17, ¾18, 18–⅓21, ⅓22, 22, shorter clitellum in 15–25, 26, and spermathecae in 14/15–16/17.</p> <p>G. weberi from Java, Sumatra, Celebes, and Flores has longer wings in 23–½32, clitellum in 16–32, and spermathecae in 13/14–17/18.</p> <p>G. quadrangulus from Sumatra has wings in 19, 20–25, and spermathecae in 13/14, 14/15–15/16, 16/17.</p> <p>G. jacobsoni from Sumatra has wings in 21–26, clitellum in 18–30, and spermathecae in 12/13–16/17.</p> <p>G. horsti from Pulau Berhala, Straits of Malacca, has shorter wings in ½23, 23–27, 28, clitellum in 17, 18, ½18, 19–28, 29, 30, ½31, and spermathecae in 14–17.</p> <p>G. gatesi reported from Johor, Malaysia, has wings in 18, ½19, 19–½24, 24, shorter clitellum in ½17, 17, 18–25, ½26, 26, intestinal origin in 18, and spermathecae in 15–17.</p> <p>G. singaporensis reported from Bukit Timah, Singapore, has shorter wings in 21–25, ½26, 26, clitellum in 18, 19–27, ½28, 29, 31, intestinal origin in 15, and spermathecae in 14–17.</p> <p>G. vangviengensis reported from the river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Laos, has wings in 24, 25–31, 32, longer clitellum in 19, 20–35, 36, 37, and no spermathecae.</p> <p>G. kotatinggi sp. n. from Kota Tinggi waterfall, has shorter wings and clitellum, three pairs of hearts, and spermathecae in 13/14–16/17.</p> <p>G. bisegmentus sp. n. from Air Banun Pandig, Perak, has shorter wings and shorter clitellum, and genital markings and spermathecae afre absent.</p> <p>Material of other species examined for comparison. Glyphidrilus kukenthali Michaelsen, 1896: 195, pl. 13, Fig. 1; type locality: Borneo, Barem River, Sarawak. Glyphidrilus malayanus Michaelsen, 1902: 35; one clitellate (syntype ZMH V 5875); type locality: Malay Peninsula, Lubock Paku, Pahang River. Glyphidrilus weberi Horst, 1889: 77; 3 clitellates (syntype ZMH V 5097); type locality: Java: Buitenzorg, in humid soil, Sumatra: Manindjan and lake of Singkarah, Flores: Kotting, Celebes: Luwu. Annadrilus quadrangulus Horst, 1892: 44; type locality: Lake Danau diatas (near Alahan Pandjang), Sumatra. Glyphidrilus jacobsoni Michaelsen, 1922: 10; one clitellate and 1 aclitellate (syntype ZMH V 9293), type locality: Sumatra, Korintji, Soengai Koembang. Glyphidrilus horsti Stephenson, 1930: 4; type locality: Pulau Berhala, Straits of Malacca. Glyphidrilus gatesi Shen &amp; Yeo, 2005: 16, Fig. 1; one clitellate (holotype ZRC 1974.12.2.51) and 9 clitellates and 2 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC 1974.12.2.52–62); type locality: Sungei Kayu, swamp forest near River Sedili, Johor, Malaysia. Glyphidrilus singaporensis Shen &amp; Yeo, 2005: 18, Fig. 3; one clitellate (holotype ZRC) and 2 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (paratypes ZRC) and 10 clitellates and 9 aclitellates (topotypes CUMZ 3273); type locality: Jungle Fall Valley, Bukit Timah, Singapore. Glyphidrilus vangviengensis Panha &amp; Chanabun, 2011: 216, Figs. 1–3; one clitellate (holotype CUMZ 3221) and 10 clitellates (paratypes CUMZ 3222); type locality: river banks of Song River at Vangvieng, Veintiane Province, Laos.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E48B16941FFF2CFC7EFDEFF83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chanabun, Ratmanee;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros;Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen;Panha, Somsak	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen, Panha, Somsak (2012): Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa 3458: 120-132
03C587E48B14941EFF2CFD3AFA4FFAF4.text	03C587E48B14941EFF2CFD3AFA4FFAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glyphidrilus Chanabun & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Tan & Panha 2012	<div><p>Key to species of Glyphidrilus from Malay Peninsula</p> <p>1 Gizzard in 7 or ½7–½8 or 7–8........................................................................... 2</p> <p>- Gizzard in 8 or 8–9.................................................................................... 4</p> <p>2 Gizzard in 7; wings in 21–26; clitellum in 18–30; spermathecae in 12/13–6/17............................ G. jacobsoni</p> <p>- Gizzard in ½7–½8 or 7–8; wings; clitellum or spermathecae different............................................ 3</p> <p>3 Intestine from 15; wings in 23–½32; clitellum in 16–32; spermathecae in 13/14–17/18........................ G. weberi</p> <p>- Intestine from 14; wings in 22, 23–28, ½29, 29; clitellum in 17, 18–31, 32; spermathecae in 14/15–17/18..................................................................................................... G. peninsularis sp. n.</p> <p>4 Gizzard in 8.......................................................................................... 5</p> <p>- Gizzard in 8–9....................................................................................... 11</p> <p>5 Genital markings absent; wings in 19, 20–25.................................................... G. quadrangulus</p> <p>- Genital markings different.............................................................................. 6</p> <p>6 Spermathecae absent; wings in 24, 25–31, 32; clitellum in 19, 20–35, 36, 37......................... G. vangviengensis</p> <p>- Spermathecae present; wings or clitellum different........................................................... 7</p> <p>7 First hearts in 7; wings in 18, ½18, 19–24, ½24; clitellum in ½13–34; spermathecae in 14–18............... G. kukenthali</p> <p>- First hearts in 8 or 9; wings; clitellum or spermathecae different................................................ 8</p> <p>8 First hearts in 8; wings in ½23, 23–27, 28; clitellum in 17, 18, ½18, 19–28, 29, 30, ½31; spermathecae in 14–17.... G. horsti</p> <p>- First hearts in 9; wings; clitellum or spermathecae different.................................................... 9</p> <p>9 Wings in 21–25, ½26, 26; clitellum in 18, 19–27, ½28, 29, 31 and spermathecae in 14–17................ G. singaporensis</p> <p>- Wings from 17 or 18; clitellum or spermathecae different.................................................... 10</p> <p>10 Intestine from 16; wings in 17, ¾18, 18–¼21, ¼22, 22; clitellum in 15–25, 26; spermathecae in 14/15–16/17... G. malayanus</p> <p>- Intestine from 18; wings in 18, ½19, 19–½24, 24; clitellum in ½17, 17, 18–25, ½26, 26; spermathecae in 15–17.... G. gatesi</p> <p>11 Wings in 20, 21–¼26, 26; clitellum in 17, 18–28, 29, 30; spermathecae in 13/14–16/17................ G. kotatinggi sp. n.</p> <p>- Wings in 18–19; clitellum in 16, 17–23, 24; spermathecae absent................................ G. bisegmentus sp. n.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E48B14941EFF2CFD3AFA4FFAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chanabun, Ratmanee;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Tongkerd, Piyoros;Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen;Panha, Somsak	Chanabun, Ratmanee, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Tan, Shau-Hwai Aileen, Panha, Somsak (2012): Three new species of semi-aquatic freshwater earthworms of the genus Glyphidrilus Horst, 1889 from Malaysia (Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae). Zootaxa 3458: 120-132
