identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C587E1FFADFFC219CB7D7EFD4C144A.text	03C587E1FFADFFC219CB7D7EFD4C144A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia maoweiweii	<div><p>Ahlbergia maoweiweii new species</p><p>(Figs. 1–6, 16–17, 31–34, 61–62, 76, 94, 105)</p><p>Type material. Holotype (Figs. 5–6): CHINA: ♂ (dissected), Shaanxi Province, Ankang City, Ningshan County, ca 600m, 11.IV.2013, W.-W. Mao leg., deposited in SNUC. Paratypes (6♂♂ &amp; 3♀♀ in total): CHINA: 3♂♂, 1♀, same data as holotype (1♂, 1♀ in coll. Hao Huang and dissected, 2♂♂ in coll. W.-W. Mao); 3♂♂, 2♀♀, same locality as holotype but 13.IV.2013, W.-W. Mao leg. (1♂, 1♀ in coll. J.-Q. Zhu and dissected, 2♂♂, 1♀ in coll. W- W. Mao).</p><p>Male holotype description. Length of forewing: 13.0 mm. Forewing shaped as in A. frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1855) . Hindwing with a larger ratio of costa-length to dorsum-length and a larger ratio of termen-length to dorsumlength than in A. frivaldszkyi, A. leei Johnson, 1992 and A. luoliangi Huang &amp; Song, 2006 . Androconial patch on forewing upperside well marked, similarly shaped and of the same size as in A. luoliangi, A. ferrea and A. tricaudata .</p><p>Wing-pattern (Figs. 5–6). Both wings on upperside generally like in the brightest form of A. frivaldszkyi, with extensive greyish blue suffusion in discal cell, mostly spaces 1a-2 of forewing and mostly hindwing, leaving only a black submarginal band and a black costal band on hindwing. Underside. Forewing. Ground color dark greyish brown, only marked by a black discocellular bar, a waved discal line edged with black and pale bluish white scales, and a series of submarginal markings formed by black dashes. Submarginal and marginal areas suffused with powdered pale bluish white scales. Hindwing. Ground color as on forewing but extensively dusted by pale bluish white scales, more densely in marginal, submarginal, anal and costal areas. Subbasal, discal and submarginal lines clearly marked with black and waved in shape. Discocellular bar clearly marked with black.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 76). Generally as in A. ferrea, only differing in having conjoined basal part of valvae in ventral view more apparently contracted to the divided distal part of the valvae. Valvae in ventral view with outer lateral margins angled. Lower cornutus of phallus equal to upper cornutus in width, nearly as wide as that of A. ferrea and A. frivaldszkyi, markedly narrower than that of A. leei and A. tricaudata . Teeth along distal margin of cornuti like those of A. ferrea, but of a higher number than in A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Description of male paratypes (Figs. 1–4, 16–17). Individual variation is weakly pronounced. Length of forewing: 12.5–13.5mm. Hindwing can be more extensively dusted by blue scales than that of holotype, leaving only a black submarginal line. Male genitalia not variable (3 ♂♂ dissected).</p><p>Description of female paratypes (Figs. 31–34, 61–62). Sexual dimorphism is found in the following points. Length of forewing: 13.5–14.0mm. Both wings with a larger ratio of dorsum-length to costa-length than in the males. Termen of forewing more strongly angled at vein 4 than in the males. Termen of hindwing more angled at vein 3 than in the males. Both wings on upperside with more extensive and brighter blue suffusion than in the males. Both wings on underside more densely dusted by whitish scales than in the males.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs. 94, 105) not variable (2♀♀ dissected). Ductus bursae like in A. ferrea, but a little stouter. Lamella postvaginalis oblong and slightly transverse, without apparent convolutions or folds on the ventral surface.</p><p>Etymology. This new species is named in honor of Mr. Wei-Wei Mao, Shanghai, who collected the type series of the new species.</p><p>Diagnosis. The extensive blue suffusion on wing uppersides and the pale dustings covering the hindwing underside in both sexes make the new species a very peculiar looking; only A. clarolinea Huang &amp; Chen, 2006 from Yunnan shares such combination of characters, but in a quite different way. This new species can be distinguished from A. clarolinea by the following combination of characters: 1) both wings on upperside of male with more greyish blue suffusion, appearing markedly darker; 2) pale scales powdered and dusted on hindwing underside more bluish; 3) pale dustings on hindwing underside sparser in basal and discal areas; 4) black submarginal markings on hindwing underside more clearly defined, contiguous and more deeply waved; 5) hindwing underside without dark sub-tornal spots in spaces 1b–2 just outside of the submarginal markings; 6) saccus of male genitalia markedly shorter; 7) upper cornutus of phallus with a higher number of teeth along the distal margin; 8) lamella postvaginalis of female genitalia more strongly angled in shape; 9) ductus bursae markedly shorter and wider.</p><p>A comprehensive comparison in male and female genitalia suggests that A. ferrea is closest to the new species. However, the two species are quite different in the external features.</p><p>Remarks. A. chalybeia (Leech, 1893), A. chalcidis Chou &amp; Li, 1994, A. unicolora Johnson, 1992 and Novosatsuma magnapurpurea Johnson, 1992 (Figs. 28–30) share a similar combination of following characters: 1) forewing upperside of male with extensive greyish blue suffusion; 2) forewing underside of both sexes with submarginal pale dustings. However, all these species differ in genitalic morphology from the new species. A. unicolora was described from a series of specimens from different localities in Yunnan and Sichuan actually belonging to two species; this will be fully discussed in a further paper (Huang &amp; Sun unpublished data). The holotype of A. unicolora from Nujiang valley, NW Yunnan possesses a smaller number of larger teeth along the distal margin of the upper cornutus in the male genitalia (Johnson, 1992: fig. 20) than that of A. maoweiweii; a dissection of more male specimens from type locality of A. unicolora confirmed such genital difference to be constant. Johnson’s (1992: fig. 21) figure of female genitalia for A. unicolora derives from a specimen collected from western Sichuan actually belonging to an undescribed species. The true female genitalia of A. unicolora are different from those of A. maoweiweii in having the markedly longer ductus bursae and will be described in a separate paper (Huang &amp; Sun unpublished data).</p><p>A. caesius Johnson, 1992 (Figs. 73–75) and A. caerulea Johnson, 1992 are also similar to A. maoweiweii in some external characters, both with males unknown. The female genitalia of A. caerulea (Johnson, 1992: fig. 23) are similar to those of A. maoweiweii, but with significant difference in the size of the lamella postvaginalis and the length of the ductus bursae. A. caerulea lacks the extensive pale dustings on the wing undersides.</p><p>The similarity in genitalia between A. maoweiweii and A. ferrea suggests that A. maoweiweii is closely related to the species of Johnson’s (1992) A. ferrea group. Another similar species, A. frivaldszkyi was considered by various authors as very close to the members of Johnson’s (1992) A. ferrea group; Tshikolovets et al. (2002) even treated A. leei (one member of Johnson’s A. ferrea group) as a synonym of A. frivaldszkyi . There has been great confusion concerning taxonomy of the following taxa: A. frivaldszkyi, A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata, A. ferrea, A. leei, A. confusa and A. inopinata . They will be discussed below. A distributional map of all these taxa is provided (Fig. 139).</p><p>Though Johnson (1992) separated A. chalybeia from the A. frivaldszkyi and A. ferrea groups, there is no morphological evidence to support such splitting. Therefore, the following three species are also discussed below in detail: A. chalybeia, A. chalcidis and A. clarolinea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFADFFC219CB7D7EFD4C144A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8.text	03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia leei Johnson	<div><p>Ahlbergia leei Johnson</p><p>(Figs. 11–12, 35–36, 41–42, 78, 82–84, 86, 95, 101, 122–125)</p><p>Ahlbergia leei Johnson, 1992: 25, figs. 12–13 for genitalia, fig. 63 for male holotype, TL: China; Tshikolovets et al., 2002: 94, synonymy for A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Callophrys frivaldszkyi: Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: fig. 11 for female from Mt. Cheonma, Korea, fig. 35 for female genitalia. (Misidentification).</p><p>Material. CHINA: Liaoning Province: 1♀ (CHH), Anshan City, Mt. Qianshan, V.2012, Q.-Y. Xu leg.; Shaanxi Province: 5♂♂ (CLYF, CHH), 4♀♀ (CLYF, CMWW), Xi’an City, Chang’an County, Ziwuzhen, Baolongyu, 800 m, 8.IV.2012, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Ningshan County, Xun-yang-ba, Yue-he-ping, 1500–1800 m, 20.V.2012, Y.- F. Li leg.. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Identification. In original description (Johnson 1992), A. leei was placed in a group composed of A. ferrea (Butler, 1866), A. korea Johnson, 1992 and A. arquata Johnson, 1992, despite its extreme similarities to A. frivaldszkyi . The characters stated under his “Diagnosis” heading do not help in identifying this species at all. Though Johnson (1992) clearly stated that specimens of A. leei stand out of those of A. frivaldszkyi “by their larger size and much darker upper and under surfaces”, such specific division between the two species is not convincing. Moreover, the male holotype of A. leei (Johnson 1992: 113, fig. 63) is figured repeatedly as a topotypic male of A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi in the same publication (Johnson 1992: 119, fig. 70B) due to an unknown error. All these make a correct identification for specimens of A. leei nearly impossible, and all the subsequent authors made mistakes in identifying A. leei: Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) erroneously identified a female of A. leei from Mt. Cheonma, Korea as A. frivaldszkyi; Tshikolovets et al. (2002) simply treated A. leei as a junior synonym of A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi; Huang &amp; Song (2006) and Huang &amp; Zhan (2006) erroneously identified specimens of A. frivaldszkyi from Shaanxi, China as A. leei .</p><p>Nevertheless, Johnson (1992) was correct in recognizing A. leei as a species distinct from A. frivaldszkyi though he failed to express his conclusion clearly. The holotype of A. leei possesses the following two important male characters, the second of which is not shared with A. frivaldszkyi:</p><p>1) Both wings on upperside without extensive greyish blue suffusion (Johnson, 1992: 113, fig. 63);</p><p>2) Lower (terminal) cornutus of phallus disc-like and markedly wider than upper (basal) cornutus, appearing minutely serrate along two parallel edges (Fig. 86).</p><p>All of the type specimens of A. leei were declared to be dissected by Johnson (1992: 26). Five males and four females of A. leei from Chang’an, Shaanxi have been examined by the first author; all of the males possess the above-mentioned male characters for A. leei, with little individual variation (Figs. 78, 82–84). The details of cornuti in male genitalia prove to be reliable characters in distinguishing species in certain group. A good number of specimens of A. frivaldszkyi collected from various Chinese localities have been dissected for a comparison in male genitalia and none of them possesses the above-mentioned genital character for A. leei .</p><p>However, wing colouration may not be a constantly reliable character in separating A. leei from A. frivaldszkyi, as some males of A. frivaldszkyi lack the extensive blue scales as in A. leei, though most males of A. frivaldszkyi have an extensive greyish blue suffusion on the wing uppersides. Thus a stable identification of male A. leei should be based on a dissection of male genitalia.</p><p>Examination of female genitalia for the above-mentioned specimens of A. leei from Chang’an also confirmed that Johnson’s (1992) association of male holotype and female allotype for A. leei was correct. The ductus bursae of A. leei (Figs. 123–125) is constantly a little longer than that of A. frivaldszkyi (Figs. 116–121, 126–129) as illustrated by Johnson (1992: figs. 13, 25).</p><p>The question arises whether the type material of A. frivaldszkyi is conspecific with that of A. leei . For A. frivaldszkyi, Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) selected a female specimen in type series kept in the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin as lectotype and a male as paralectotype. Though these two specimens have not yet been dissected for a genital examination, the photos (Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: figs. 9–10) clearly show a diagnostic character for A. frivaldszkyi (sensu Johnson, 1992) in possessing the extensive blue suffusion on the wing uppersides of the males. It should be noted that all males of A. leei so far examined have no extensive greyish blue suffusion on the wing uppersides. Johnson (1992) dissected topotypic specimens of A. frivaldszkyi in both sexes, which have genitalia in common with specimens from other areas identified as A. frivaldszkyi (sensu Johnson, 1992). Therefore, it is believed that the type specimens of A. frivaldszkyi do not belong to A. leei .</p><p>Diagnostic characters. For all populations, only a dissection can help in identifying A. leei correctly, as the external features of A. leei can be confused with those of A. frivaldszkyi and A. tricaudata stat. rev. (discussed below). The following combination of genital characters are unique for A. leei: 1) lower cornutus of phallus in male genitalia broader than in A. tricaudata and A. frivaldszkyi, with distal margin less arched than in A. tricaudata; 2) lower cornutus markedly broader than upper cornutus (lower and upper cornuti subequal in width in A. frivaldszkyi); 3) both upper and lower cornuti bearing a higher number of teeth which are smaller and more regular in size than those of A. frivaldszkyi; 4) female genitalia with lamella postvaginalis similarly shaped as in A. frivaldszkyi but with ductus bursae constantly longer than in A. frivaldszkyi . In addition, A. leei differs from A. frivaldszkyi also in having a longer distance from the basal (cephalic) margin of the tegumen to the distal end of the socius.</p><p>In populations from Shaanxi Province, China, the male of A. leei bears a markedly wider androconial patch on the forewing upperside than that of A. frivaldszkyi and lacks the greyish blue scales on the wing uppersides. However, the female of A. leei is externally indistinguishable from that of A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Distribution. China (Liaoning, Shaanxi), Korea, Russia (Trans-Baikal, Sayan Mts.)</p><p>The exact type locality remains uncertain, as the holotype is simply labeled “from China ” without further information (Johnson 1992); it is assumed to be some place in Northeast China, as the holotype bears a linear androconial patch which is thinner than that of the specimens collected from Shaanxi. Johnson (1992) recorded this species also from the Trans-Baikal area, the Sayan Mts. in Russia and the Greater Khingan Mountains in NE China. We examined specimens from Shaanxi and Liaoning. Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998: 60, fig. 35) illustrated a female specimen from Korea, which was misidentified as A. frivaldszkyi . Populations from Shaanxi may constitute a distinct subspecies, with a markedly wider androconial patch in the males.</p><p>Sympatry. In Northeast China, specimens of A. leei, A. ferrea and A. tricaudata were collected together by Mr. Q.-Y. Xu at a locality of the Qianshan Mts., Liaoning. In Shaanxi province, specimens of both A. leei and A. frivaldszkyi were collected together by Mr. Y.-F. Li from Baolongyu, Chang’an County. Specimens of both A. leei and A. frivaldszkyi were also collected from the close localities in Xunyangba, Ningshan County by Mr. Y.-F. Li.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFACFFC419CB7964FA2510C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFAAFFC719CB7DEFFBAD1500.text	03C587E1FFAAFFC719CB7DEFFBAD1500.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi (Lederer) Lederer	<div><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi (Lederer)</p><p>(Figs. 7–8, 37–38, 46–60, 77, 85, 88, 99–100, 112, 116–121, 126–129)</p><p>Thecla frivaldszkyi Lederer, 1855: 100, pl. 1, fig. 1, TL: eastern Buchtarminsk in Altai (nearby junction of China, Russia and Kazakhstan).</p><p>Incisalia frivaldszkyi: Gillham, 1955: 150 .</p><p>Callophrys frivaldszkyi: Shin, 1989: pl. 56, figs. 57b–c; Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: 54, lectotype designation and interpretation on type locality, figs. 9–10 for male paralectotype and female lectotype, fig. 12–14 for specimens from Russia, figs. 15–16 for early stage, figs. 36–42 for male and female genitalia.</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi: Johnson, 1992: 38, figs. 24, 25, 70 for habitus and genitalia; Lukhtanov &amp; Lukhtanov, 1994: 231; Korshunov &amp; Gorbunov, 1995: 160; Korshunov, 1996: 42.</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi: Johnson, 1992: 41, figs. 24A–B, 25A–B, 70A for habitus and genitalia; Tuzov, 2000: pl. 56, figs. 16–18; Tshikolovets &amp; al., 2002: 93, pl. 16–17, figs. for habitus;</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi aquilonaria: Johnson, 1992: 43, figs. 24D, 25D, 70C–E for habitus and genitalia; Inomata, 1994: 22, 24, figs. 8–11 for habitus, figs. 12c, 12d for male genitalia, fig. 13 for distribution; Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: 54, synonymy for A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi; Tshikolovets &amp; al., 2002: 94, synonymy for A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi . (Synonymised by Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998 and Tshikolovets &amp; al., 2002).</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi tricaudata Johnson, 1992: 41, allotype only, figs. 25C for female genitalia; Tuzov, 2000: pl. 56, fig. 7. (Misidentification).</p><p>Ginzia frivaldszkyi: D’Abrera, 1993: 437, figs. for habitus.</p><p>Ahlbergia tricaudata aquilonaria: Korshunov, 1996: 43 .</p><p>Ahlbergia leei (Auctorum, non Johnson): Huang &amp; Song, 2006: 163, figs. 13–15 for genitalia, cpl.3, figs. 4–5 for habitus; Huang &amp; Zhan, 2006: 174, fig. 3 for male genitalia, cpl.4, fig. D for male habitus; Huang, Chen &amp; Li, 2006: 177. (Misidentification).</p><p>Material. CHINA: Beijing: 4♂♂, 13♀♀ (CHH), V.2000 –2014, various collectors leg..; Tianjin: 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (CHH), Jiulongshan &amp; Baxianshan, 2–15.V.2005, C.-C. Chen leg.; Shaanxi Province: 4♂♂, 3♀♀ (CSK, CHH), Xi’an City, Chang’an County, 12.IV.2004, K. Song leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Ningshan County, Guanghuojie, 1500m, 18.V.2013, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Ningshan County, Xun-yang-ba, 12.V.2012, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♀ (CMWW), Ningshan County, 15.IV.2013, W.-W. Mao leg.; 1♂ (CLYF), Xi’an, Chang’an, Ziwuzhen, 8.IV.2012, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Xi’an, Chang’an, Luanzhen, Tu-di-liang, 1300m, 22.IV.2012, Y.-F. Li leg.; 1♂, 1♀ (CHH), Foping County, tunnel portal, 1750m, 2.V.2008, H. Huang leg.; 1♂, 1♀ (CLYF), Hanyin County, Fenghuangshan, 1.V.2000, Y.-F. Li leg.; Gansu Province: 1♂, 1♀ (CHH), Longnan City, Kangxian County, nearby Heimaguan, 18.VII.2014, W.-H. Sun leg.; 8♀♀ (CHH), Kangxian, Qingheyakou, 1500–1580m, 17–19.VI.2015, H. Huang leg.; 2♀♀ (ZLZH), Kangxian, 1200m, 26.VI.2015, Z.-H. Liu leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Longnan City, Huixian, 1400m, 12.VI.2015, H. Huang leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Longnan City, Wenxian, Tielou, 6.VII.2015, Z.-H. Liu leg.; Chongqing: 1♂, Zhongxian, IV.2008, Y.-Q. Zuo leg.; Guizhou province: 1♂, Yinjiang, Muhuang, 30.IV.2008, L.-J. Wang leg.. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Identification and subspecific discrimination. Identification of A. frivaldszkyi is based on photos of a lectotype female and a paralectotype male figured by Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998: 9–10) and illustrations of male and female genitalia (Johnson 1992: figs. 24A, 25A) taken from the topotypic specimens.</p><p>As discussed under the “Identification” heading of A. tricaudata, the holotype of A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata belongs to a species distinct from A. frivaldszkyi, with significant difference in the cornuti of the male genitalia; however the allotype of A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata belongs to the true A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>The remaining subspecies, A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria was described from a male holotype from Manchuria (Northeast China), a female allotype from Beijing, and several male and female paratypes from Manchuria, Beijing, “Amourlands” and Mt. Sayan. The male holotype possesses the following diagnostic genitalic characters (Fig. 88) for A. frivaldszkyi: valvae in ventral view with rather straight lateral margins; both upper and lower cornuti narrow and with irregular teeth. Therefore it is likely that the holotype of A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria belongs to A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Johnson’s (1992) subspecific discrimination for A. frivaldszkyi is concerning geographic distribution, as he included the following localities as ranges of three subspecies. A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi: eastern Buchtarminsk in Altai (type locality), Amourland (Amur), E. Siberia, Little Chingan Mountains, Vladivostok, etc.. A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria: Manchuria (type locality), North of Beijing, Amourlands, Sayan Mountains. A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata: China (type locality), Southwest Irkutsk, Sayan Mountains. It appears that the ranges of these subspecies overlap in Amur (ssp. frivaldszkyi with ssp. aquilonaria), Sayan Mountains (ssp. tricaudata with ssp. aquilonaria), and China (ssp. tricaudata with ssp. frivaldszkyi or ssp. aquilonaria). After removing A. tricaudata stat. rev., the border between ssp. frivaldszkyi and ssp. aquilonaria is still blunt. Probably because of the abovementioned chaos and the considerable individual variations of A. frivaldszkyi, both Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) and Tshikolovets et al. (2002) treated A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria as a junior synonym of A. frivaldszkyi; however their works are not convincing because of insufficient material.</p><p>In conclusion, A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria belongs to A. frivaldszkyi whereas A. tricaudata stat. rev. is a separate species. The validity of A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria at subspecies level needs further research based on a survey of large series of specimens covering the complete range of A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Within China, there is no clear geographical line to divide the populations of A. frivaldszkyi into distinct subspecies. Even in a small area such as southeastern Gansu, A. frivaldszkyi is very variable in size (forewing length varying from 12.0 mm to 15.5mm), extent of blue suffusion on forewing upperside and wing-pattern on wing undersides as shown in Figs. 46–60. The first author dissected all these specimens.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) erroneously stated that the “male sex-brand is absent in the forewing upperside” of A. frivaldszkyi; but they overlooked the linear androconial patch which is sometimes hardly visible to the naked eye. The male and female genitalia figured by Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) are identical with those specimens examined by us, all of which bear a linear androconial patch, more or less traceable by the naked eye. In Johnson’s (1992) work, all taxa of A. frivaldszkyi are described to have an androconial patch. Such a linear androconial patch can be regarded as a useful external character to recognize A. frivaldszkyi in a few localities, such as the localities in Shaanxi and Gansu. However, the specimens of A. frivaldszkyi from Northeast China and Russia may not be distinguishable from the sympatric A. leei by androconial patch. A. frivaldszkyi is very variable in upperside ground color and underside wing-pattern in both sexes, both individually and geographically. Therefore, only the genital characters are useful in characterizing A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>A. frivaldszkyi is clearly characterized by the following genitalic characters: 1) lower cornutus of phallus nearly as wide as upper cornutus, markedly narrower than that of A. leei and A. tricaudata; 2) lower cornutus not rounded at distal margin; 3) teeth along distal margin of cornuti uneven in size, some of them very large; 4) valvae in ventral view with rather straight outer lateral margins from the conjoined part to the distal tips, without apparent lateral angles; 5) lamella postvaginalis semicircular with deep ventral convolutions like in A. leei, but ductus bursae constantly shorter than that of A. leei .</p><p>Distribution. Kazakhstan (Altai), Russia (from Altai through southern part of Siberia to Ussuri and Sakhalin), Mongolia (Altai, north part of Hangayn Nuruu and Hentiyn Nuruu: Tshikolovets &amp; al., 2009), Korea, China (NE China, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Chongqing, Guizhou).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFAAFFC719CB7DEFFBAD1500	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFA0FFD119CB79B5FC1B1500.text	03C587E1FFA0FFD119CB79B5FC1B1500.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia tricaudata Johnson	<div><p>Ahlbergia tricaudata Johnson, revalidated status</p><p>(Figs. 14, 44, 79, 87, 114)</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi tricaudata Johnson, 1992: 41, partium on holotype only, figs. 24C for male genitalia, 70F–G for habitus, TL: China; Tshikolovets &amp; al., 2002: 94, synonymy for A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Ahlbergia ferrea: Omelko &amp; Omelko, 1995: 225, figs. 9–14 for female characters and larva, fig. 15 for male genitalia, fig. 16 for female genitalia. (Misidentification).</p><p>Ahlbergia tricaudata: Korshunov, 1996: 43, partium on new status only, not the specimens identified; Tuzov, 2000: 119, partium on name only, not the specimens identified.</p><p>Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi ssp. tricaudata: Tuzov, 2000: 118, partium on name only.</p><p>Ahlbergia aleucopuncta: Tuzov, 2000: 120, pl. 56, figs. 13–15. (Misidentification).</p><p>Material. CHINA: Liaoning province: 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (CHH), Anshan City, Mt. Qianshan, V.2012, Q.-Y. Xu leg.; 1♂, 3♀♀ (CHH), Anshan City, Mt. Qianshan, 28.IV.2015, Q.-Y. Xu leg.; 5♀♀ (CZJQ), Fushun City, Xinbin County, Nanzamu, 12.V.2013; 1♀ (CZJQ), Benxi City, Tanggou, 23.V.2013. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Identification. This taxon was originally described as a subspecies of A. frivaldszkyi, based on a male holotype from China without further information, a female allotype from southwest Irkutsk, several male and female paratypes from Irkutsk, and a female paratype from Sayan Mountains. The holotype has the following peculiar characters which are however not shared with true A. frivaldszkyi: 1) androconial patch on forewing upperside markedly longer and wider; 2) hindwing underside with the darker basal half outlined by a contiguous white line which is regular in width from costa to dorsum; 3) valvae of male genitalia in ventral view with the lateral margins more apparently angled; and the most important 4) lower cornutus of phallus in male genitalia broader and more rounded at distal tip, and both upper and lower cornuti bearing a larger number of teeth which are more regular in size. The combination of these peculiar characters has also been found in a good number of specimens collected from Liaoning, Northeast China. Further research including a dissection of female genitalia proved that Johnson (1992) made a mistake in associating male holotype and female allotype of A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata . The true female genitalia of A. tricaudata stat. rev. (Figs. 113–115) possess a markedly shorter and more oblong lamella postvaginalis and more elongate ductus bursae than in A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>Johnson’s (1992) mistake was due to the lack of material; he did not see any true female specimens of A. tricaudata . Moreover, he did not realize the importance of the features of cornuti for the specific discrimination of his Ahlbergia ferrea and A. frivaldszkyi groups as did all the subsequent authors (Omelko &amp; Omelko 1995; Tuzov 2000; Tshikolovets et al. 2002). The female allotype of A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata belongs to A. frivaldszkyi; the distributional range of A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata was recorded by Johnson (1992) as overlapping the range of A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria in some part of China and Sayan Mountains. All these make a correct identification of A. tricaudata impossible: Omelko &amp; Omelko (1995) erroneously identified specimens of A. tricaudata as A. ferrea (Omelko &amp; Omelko 1995: 229, figs. 15–16). Korshunov (1996) raised A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata to full specific rank without correctly identifying this taxon, and treated A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria as a subspecies of A. tricaudata, despite the fact that the cornuti of A. tricaudata are markedly different from those of A. frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi and A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria; he just simply divided A. frivaldszkyi into two allopatric species, a western one and an eastern one without any evidence in genitalic morphology. Tuzov (2000) erroneously identified specimens of A. frivaldszkyi as A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata (Tuzov, 2000: pl. 56, figs. 7, 9), and A. tricaudata as A. aleucopuncta Johnson, 1992 (Tuzov, 2000: pl. 56, figs. 13–15). Tshikolovets et al. (2002) considered A. frivaldszkyi tricaudata as either individual variation or junior synonym of A. frivaldszkyi .</p><p>It becomes clear that Ahlbergia confusa Huang, Chen &amp; Li, 2006 described from Jiangsu and Fujian, southern China is conspecific with A. tricaudata, sharing all the important male and female genital characters with it. Further on, two unnamed subspecies have been found from Hebei-Shanxi area and western Shaanxi respectively (Fig. 139).</p><p>Diagnostic characters. The following combination of genitalic characters proved to be unique for A. tricaudata: 1) lower cornutus of phallus a little wider than that of A. frivaldszkyi and A. ferrea, but narrower than that of A. leei; 2) distal margin of lower cornutus more regularly rounded than that of A. frivaldszkyi, and more arched than that of A. leei; 3) both upper and lower cornuti bearing a larger number of teeth which are more regular in size than those of A. frivaldszkyi; 4) lamella postvaginalis of female genitalia markedly shorter than in A. ferrea, A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei and more oblong in shape than in A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei; 5) lamella postvaginalis lacking apparent ventral convolutions which are well marked in A. frivaldszkyi, A. leei and A. ferrea .</p><p>Distribution. The holotype is labeled from China, without further information; it is assumed to be collected from some part of Northeast China, as specimens from Northeast China examined by us have external characters in common with the holotype. Beside the nominotypical subspecies from Northeast China, three other subspecies have been recognized: ssp. confusa from Jiangsu and Fujian; ssp. unnamed from Beijing, Hebei and Shanxi; ssp. unnamed from western Shaanxi. The distributional range of A. tricaudata widely overlaps that of A. frivaldszkyi, except for southeastern China where A. frivaldszkyi has not been found.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFA0FFD119CB79B5FC1B1500	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFBDFFD319CB7FAFFDB910EF.text	03C587E1FFBDFFD319CB7FAFFDB910EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia tricaudata subsp. confusa Huang, Chen & Li	<div><p>Ahlbergia tricaudata confusa Huang, Chen &amp; Li, new status</p><p>(Figs. 15, 45, 81, 97, 113)</p><p>Ahlbergia confusa Huang, Chen &amp; Li, 2006: 175, figs. 1, 2, 4 for genitalia, cpl. 4, figs. E–F for habitus.</p><p>Material. CHINA: Jiangsu Province: 4♂♂, 5♀♀ (CHH, holotype and paratypes), Nanjing, 28.III.2004 &amp; IV.2006; Fujian Province: 1♂ (CLM, paratype), Fuzhou, no further collecting data; 1♂, 2♀♀ (CZJQ), Nanjing, Baohuashan, 4–5.IV.2012, J.-Q. Zhu leg.. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Identification. Specimens examined in this work belong to type material of A. confusa or are topotypic.</p><p>Taxonomy. The male and female genitalic characters are in common with those of A. tricaudata from Northeast China as discussed above, thus A. confusa is treated herein as a subspecies of A. tricaudata .</p><p>Subspecific characters. Compared with ssp. tricaudata, the dark basal half of hindwing underside in both sexes is less blackish and more reddish, and not edged on the outer side by a clear contiguous white line in spaces 1–5.</p><p>Distribution. Jiangsu, Fujian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFBDFFD319CB7FAFFDB910EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFBDFFD219CB7DCDFDB513B9.text	03C587E1FFBDFFD219CB7DCDFDB513B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia ferrea (Butler) Butler	<div><p>Ahlbergia ferrea (Butler)</p><p>(Figs. 13, 43, 80, 96, 106)</p><p>Lycaena ferrea Butler, 1866: 57, TL: Hokodadi, Hokkaido, Japan.</p><p>Ahlbergia ferrea: Bryk, 1946: 50; Johnson 1992: 20, figs. 8, 9, 61 for habitus and genitalia.</p><p>Ginzia ferrea: Okano, 1947: 239; D’Abrera 1993: 437, figs. for habitus.</p><p>Callophrys ferrea: Kawazoe &amp; Wakabayashi, 1976: 109, pl. 29, figs. 4a–4c for habitus; Matsuda &amp; Bae 1998: 61, figs. 2–8 for habitus, figs. 17–34 for male and female genitalia.</p><p>Ahlbergia korea Johnson, 1992: 23, figs. 10, 11, 62 for habitus and genitalia, TL: South Korea; Korshunov &amp; Gorbunov 1995: 161; Korshunov 1996: 43; Tuzov 2000: 119, pl. 56, figs. 10–12; Matsuda &amp; Bae, 1998: 62, synonymy for A. ferrea . (Synonymised by Matsuda &amp; Bae 1998).</p><p>Ginzia kimi Johnson (MS name): D’Abrera 1993: 437, figs. for habitus. (Nomen nudum).</p><p>Callophrys ferrea ferrea: Inomata, 1994: 22, figs. 1–3 for habitus, fig. 12a for male genitalia.</p><p>Callophrys ferrea korea: Inomata, 1994: 22, figs. 4–7 for habitus, fig. 12b for male genitalia.</p><p>Material. CHINA: Liaoning Province: 1♂, 1♀ (CHH), Anshan City, Mt. Qianshan, V.2012, Q.-Y. Xu leg.; 1♀ (CHH), Benxi City, Dadi Park, 31.V.2013, H.-C. Shan leg.. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Identification and synonym. Johnson (1992: 103, fig. 8) illustrated the male genitalia of holotype, which can be regarded as the basis of identification for the male A. ferrea . The female genitalia illustrated by Johnson (1992: 103, fig. 9) are however somewhat misleading, being inaccurate in size of its lamella postvaginalis in proportion to the length of the ductus bursae. Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998: 58, figs. 19–21, 25) figured the female genitalia of four specimens, which can be regarded as the basis of identification for the female ferrea . There is no doubt that A. ferrea is the only species of Ahlbergia occurring in Japan.</p><p>A. korea was described from a few worn-out specimens collected from Korea and E Siberia, being considered by Johnson (1992) as distinct from A. ferrea mainly for zoogeographical reasons. The differences in male and female genitalia adopted by Johnson (1992) for separating A. korea from A. ferrea, as shown in Inomata’s (1994) and Matsuda &amp; Bae’s (1998) works, fall into individual variation and have no taxonomic value. The type specimens of A. korea figured by Johnson (1992) are extremely worn-out, thus the external differences between A. korea and A. ferrea described by Johnson (1992) are meaningless. The fresh specimens from Korea figured by Matsuda &amp; Bae (1998) have no external difference from the specimens from Japan. Therefore, we follow Matsuda &amp; Bae’s (1998) treatment to regard A. korea as a synonym of A. ferrea .</p><p>The less arched hindwing termen (Johnson 1992: 113, fig. 62A) and the feature of the cornuti (Johnson, 1992: 103, fig. 10) found in the holotype of A. korea make it clear that the holotype of A. korea belongs to A. ferrea, not A. leei or A. tricaudata .</p><p>The Chinese specimens examined in this work possess the diagnostic characters of A. ferrea as stated below.</p><p>Diagnostic characters. The following combination of characters is unique for A. ferrea: 1) hindwing termen of male a little shorter and less produced at vein 3 than in other species; 2) androconial patch of male constantly wider than that of A. frivaldszkyi; 3) discal markings on hindwing underside of both sexes edged by white dashes in spaces 6–7, which are obsolete or absent in A. leei and A. frivaldszkyi; 4) lower cornutus of phallus nearly as wide as upper cornutus, markedly narrower than that of A. leei and A. tricaudata; 5) upper cornutus of phallus without large teeth along distal margin, which are well marked in A. frivaldszkyi; 6) lamella postvaginalis of female genitalia longer than in A. tricaudata, more oblong with distal margin less arched than in A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei; 7) lamella postvaginalis without deep convolutions which are well marked in A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei .</p><p>Distribution. Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Khanka Mts., Sakhalin), China (Liaoning; Little Chingan Mts., Heilongjiang: Johnson 1992).</p><p>Tuzov’s (2000) record from Ussuri probably derives from Omelko &amp; Omelko’s (1995) record which is a misidentification of A. tricaudata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFBDFFD219CB7DCDFDB513B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFBCFFD519CB7D7FFDBD12B5.text	03C587E1FFBCFFD519CB7D7FFDBD12B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia inopinata Omelko	<div><p>Ahlbergia inopinata Omelko, incertae sedis</p><p>(Figs. 130–138)</p><p>Ahlbergia inopinata Omelko, in Omelko &amp; Omelko 1995: 218, figs. 1–6 for habitus, characters and larva, figs. 7–8 for male and female genitalia, TL: 18 km southeast from Ussuriisk, Primorskii Krai province, Russia; Korshunov 1996: 43, synonymy for A. tricaudata aquilonaria; Tuzov 2000: 118, synonymy for A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria .</p><p>Material. None</p><p>Taxonomy. Korshunov (1996) treated A. inopinata as a synonym of A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria; this opinion is supported by the wing-characters of a male paratype (Figs. 130–131) preserved in the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, Russia and the male genitalic characters originally illustrated (Omelko &amp; Omelko 1995: 222, fig. 7; reproduced herein as Fig. 133). However, the female genitalia of A. inopinata as originally illustrated (Omelko &amp; Omelko 1995: 222, fig. 8; reproduced herein as Fig. 138) resemble those of A. leei instead of A. frivaldszkyi . In the original description of A. inopinata, the male holotype was not figured, and the specimen with male genitalia figured was not specified. Thus a final conclusion cannot be made from the original description. The holotype needs to be re-examined in the future. If the association of male and female genitalia in the original description is correct, A. inopinata should be regarded as a real species distinct from A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei . On the other hand, there is a possibility that Omelko &amp; Omelko (1995) mixed specimens belonging to A. frivaldszkyi and A. leei in their work and regarded them as a single species.</p><p>Distribution. Russia (Ussuri).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFBCFFD519CB7D7FFDBD12B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFBBFFD419CB7820FC1117DF.text	03C587E1FFBBFFD419CB7820FC1117DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia chalybeia (Leech) Leech	<div><p>Ahlbergia chalybeia (Leech)</p><p>(Figs. 69–70, 103, 110)</p><p>Satsuma chalybeia Leech, 1893: 355, TL: Changyang, Hubei</p><p>Incisalia chalybea (sic!): Gillham, 1955: 150.</p><p>Ahlbergia chalybeia: Johnson, 1992: 16, lectotype designation, figs. 4, 5, 59 for habitus and genitalia; Huang &amp; Chen 2006: 319, discussion on sexual dimorphism.</p><p>? Novosatsuma cibdela Johnson, 1992: 67, figs. 46, 84 for habitus and male genitalia; Huang &amp; Chen 2006: 319, discussion on status; Huang &amp; Zhou 2014: 141.</p><p>Material. CHINA: Sichuan Province: 1♀ (CHH, dissected), Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Region, Jiulong County, 2900m, 27.IV.2014, H. Huang leg..</p><p>Identification. A female syntype from Changyang, Hubei Province was designated by Johnson (1992) as lectotype of A. chalybeia (female genitalia reproduced herein as Fig. 109). Two female specimens collected from Changyang kept in NHM were figured by D’Abrera (1993). All these can be regarded as basis of identification for A. chalybeia . A peculiar character in female genitalia described by Johnson needs to be clarified: “lamella antevaginalis curved ventrally around caudal tip of ductus bursae with caudal one-tenth of ductus bursae protruding terminally beyond the juncture of the lamella lips”. After dissecting many specimens of elfin butterflies, the first author realized that such peculiar character was caused by the everted condition of membrane between lodix and lamella antevaginalis. The membrane between lodix and lamella antevaginalis covers mostly lamella postvaginalis in natural shape, it can be everted with the whole lamella postvaginalis exposed when the lodix is drawn forwards or the lamella is drawn backwards. Johnson’s (1992) illustration for female genitalia of A. chalybeia was made when the membrane was fully everted.</p><p>This species was also recorded by Johnson (1992) from “Tatsienlu” (Kangding), western Sichuan. The only specimen examined in this work is a female specimen (Figs. 69–70, 110) collected by the first author from Jiulong, historically regarded as part of “Tatsienlu” area; it shares all the external characters with the female specimens figured by D’Abrera (1993: 437) from Changyang. The female genitalia of this specimen agree with Johnson’s (1992) figure in having a depression at distal margin of lamella postvaginalis, but differ by having a relatively larger lamella postvaginalis bearing stronger convolutions. More specimens from Hubei need to be examined for a better understanding of this species. Thus, identification of the specimen from Sichuan remains uncertain.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. A. chalcidis and A. clarolinea are closest to A. chalybeia in morphological distance, so that it is reasonable to deduce that the males of these species are also similar to one another in morphology. Both A. chalcidis and A. clarolinea have their male genitalia more similar to those of the bright male syntype (Johnson, 1992: 108, fig. 46) of A. chalybeia than to the dark male specimen identified by Johnson (1992: 103, fig. 4) as male of A. chalybeia . Therefore the male of A. chalybeia should have extensive blue suffusion on wing uppersides as that of A. chalcidis and A. clarolinea, and in that case Novosatsuma cibdela is a synonym of A. chalybeia . We leave the formal revision to the future when more specimens from Changyang are available.</p><p>Diagnosis. It is very possible that Ahlbergia chalcidis Chou &amp; Li, 1994 from Yunnan represents a geographical variation of A. chalybeia . A. chalybeia can be distinguished from Ahlbergia clarolinea Huang &amp; Chen, 2006 by the following combination of characters: 1) hindwing underside ground color more reddish and less greyish; 2) hindwing underside with more clearly defined postdiscal markings; 3) hindwing underside with more ill-defined black dashes or lines in subbasal and discal areas; 4) ductus bursae of female genitalia markedly wider.</p><p>Distribution. Hubei (Changyang),? Sichuan (Kangding, Jiulong).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFBBFFD419CB7820FC1117DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFBAFFD719CB7ADDFD581070.text	03C587E1FFBAFFD719CB7ADDFD581070.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia chalcidis Chou & Li	<div><p>Ahlbergia chalcidis Chou &amp; Li (incertae sedis)</p><p>(Figs. 22–27, 67–68, 92–93, 102, 111)</p><p>Ahlbergia chalcidis Chou &amp; Li, 1994: 770, fig. 70 for male genitalia, 656, figs for habitus, TL: Kunming, Yunnan; Huang &amp; Zhou, 2014: 142, figs. 25–29 for habitus, figs. 52, 53, 60, 61, 69, 70, 82, 106 for male and female genitalia.</p><p>Material. CHINA: Yunnan province: 1♂ (CHH), Lijiang City, Yulongxueshan, 2900m, 10.V.2014, H. Huang leg.; 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (CHH), Lijiang, Yulongxueshan, 2600m, 26.IV.2015, H. Huang leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ (CCAM), Lijiang, Ludian, 2600–2900m, IV.2006, A.-M. Chen leg.; 5♂♂, 1♀ (CHH), Lijiang, Ludian, 2500–2800m, 13.V.2014; 7♂♂, 2♀♀ (CHH), Lijiang, Ludian, 2600–2700m, 28.IV.2015 &amp; 20.V.2015, H. Huang &amp; X.-D. Yang leg.; 2♂♂, 1♀ (CHH), Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Region, Deqin County, 2900m, 27.V.2009, L. Ding leg.. All specimens dissected.</p><p>Remarks. Beside holotype, a topotypic male specimen was figured by Huang &amp; Zhou (2014: 146, figs. 25– 26); the photos of these two specimens are basis of identification for A. chalcidis . Male specimens from Lijiang were identified by their external similarities to specimens from Kunming. It should be noted that Lijiang shares all the Ahlbergia fauna with Kunming and both areas are occupied by A. chalcidis, A. circe montivaga Johnson, 1992, A. prodiga Johnson, 1992 and A. clarolinea .</p><p>Relationship between A. chalcidis and A. chalybeia is still uncertain; more specimens of A. chalybeia from Hubei need to be examined in the future. The lamella postvaginalis of female genitalia of A. chalcidis is varied from the type as shown in Fig. 111 to the types resembling that of A. clarolinea as shown in Fig. 108 and that of A. chalybeia as shown in Fig. 110. The ductus bursae of A. chalcidis is as wide as that of A. chalybeia, but is constantly wider than that of A. clarolinea . Therefore it is likely that A. chalcidis represents a geographical variation of A. chalybeia .</p><p>Both A. chalcidis and A. clarolinea fly together at least in three localities: Yulongxueshan, Ludian and Kunming. The two species are markedly different in wing-characters, length of saccus of male genitalia, shape of tegumen of male genitalia in lateral view and width of ductus bursae of female genitalia.</p><p>Distribution. Yunnan (Kunming, Deqin, Lijiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFBAFFD719CB7ADDFD581070	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFB9FFD719CB7DB7FC6D174B.text	03C587E1FFB9FFD719CB7DB7FC6D174B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia clarolinea Huang & Chen	<div><p>Ahlbergia clarolinea Huang &amp; Chen</p><p>(Figs. 18–21, 63–66, 71–72, 90–91, 104, 108)</p><p>Ahlbergia clarolinea Huang &amp; Chen, 2006: 317, figs. 4–6 for male and female genitalia, cpl. 12, figs. 1–3 for habitus.</p><p>Material. CHINA: Yunnan province: 1♀ (CHH, holotype, dissected), Lijiang City, Yulongxueshan, 2800m, 29. IV.2005, H. Huang leg..; 3♂♂, 1♀ (CHH, dissected), Lijiang, Yulongxueshan, 2600m, 26.IV.2015, H. Huang leg.; 2♂♂ (CCAM, paratypes, dissected), Lijiang, Ludian, 2600–2900m, IV.2006, A.-M. Chen leg.; 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (CHH; 2♂♂ &amp; 2♀♀ dissected), Lijiang, Ludian, 2500–2800m, 13.V.2014; 7♂♂, 4♀♀ (CHH; 2♂♂ &amp; 2♀♀ dissected), Lijiang, Ludian, 2600–2700m, 28.IV.2015 &amp; 20.V.2015, H. Huang &amp; X.-D. Yang leg.; 1♂ (CZZH), Dali Bai Autonomous Region, Yunlong County, Tianchi, 20.V.2014, Z.-H. Zheng leg.; 1♂, 1♀ (CHSJ), Kunming, IV.2014, S.-J. Hu leg.. Sichuan province: 1♀ (CHH, dissected), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Region, Muli County, Liziping, 2700m, 5.V.2014, X.-D. Yang leg..</p><p>Remarks. The female holotype was collected from Yulongxueshan whilst the male paratypes were collected from Ludian, thus the association of male and female requires a confirmation from more material. In a recent expedition made by the first author, specimens of both sexes were collected from both localities. An examination of male and female genitalia proved the original association of male and female to be correct.</p><p>Distribution. Yunnan (Lijiang, Kunming, Yunlong), Sichuan (Muli).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFB9FFD719CB7DB7FC6D174B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFB9FFD619CB7AA7FDCC1615.text	03C587E1FFB9FFD619CB7AA7FDCC1615.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ahlbergia Bryk	<div><p>Genus Ahlbergia Bryk</p><p>1. A. aleucopuncta Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan</p><p>2. A. arquata Johnson, 1992 — Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan</p><p>3. A. bimaculata Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan</p><p>4. A. caerulea Johnson, 1992 —S Gansu</p><p>5. A. caesius Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan</p><p>6. A. chalcidis Chou &amp; Li, 1994 —Yunnan</p><p>7. A. chalybeia (Leech, 1893) —Hubei, Sichuan? = Novosatsuma cibdela Johnson, 1992</p><p>8a. A. circe circe (Leech, 1893) —W Sichuan</p><p>8b. A. circe montivaga Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan, S Sichuan = A. zhujianhuai Huang &amp; Wu, 2003</p><p>9. A. clarolinea Huang &amp; Chen, 2006 —Yunnan</p><p>10. A. collosa Johnson, 1992 —Gansu, Shaanxi</p><p>11. A. distincta Huang, 2003 — Yunnan (Nujiang only)</p><p>12. A. dongyui Huang &amp; Zhan, 2006 —N Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu 13. A. ferrea (Butler, 1866) — Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Sakhalin), NE China = A. korea Johnson, 1992</p><p>14. A. frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1855) — Kazakhstan, Russia (from Altai to Sakhalin), N Mongolia, Korea, China (Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Chongqing, Guizhou) = A. frivaldszkyi aquilonaria Johnson, 1992</p><p>15. A. haradai Igarashi, 1973 — Nepal</p><p>16. A. hsui Johnson, 2000 —S Gansu</p><p>17. A. inopinata Omelko, 1995 — Russia (Ussuri)</p><p>18. A. leechii (Niceville, 1893) —NE India, NW Yunnan</p><p>19. A. leechuanlungi Huang &amp; Chen, 2005 —Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui</p><p>20. A. leei Johnson, 1992 — China (Liaoning, Shaanxi), Korea, Russia (?)</p><p>21. A. liyufeii Huang &amp; Zhou, 2014 —Shaanxi</p><p>22. A. luoliangi Huang &amp; Song, 2006 —Shaanxi</p><p>23a. A. lynda lynda Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan</p><p>23b. A. lynda nidadana Huang, 2003 —Yunnan (Nujiang only)</p><p>24. A. maoweiweii Huang &amp; Zhu, 2016 —Shaanxi</p><p>25. A. matusiki Johnson, 1992 —S Sichuan (Muli only)</p><p>26. A. nicevillei (Leech, 1893) —Hubei, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong</p><p>27a. A. pluto pluto (Leech, 1893) —Sichuan, Yunnan (except Nujiang), Guizhou? = A. pluto clarofacia Johnson, 1992</p><p>? = A. clarofacia meridionalis Huang, 2003</p><p>27b. A. pluto cyanus Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan (Nujiang only)</p><p>28. A. prodiga Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan</p><p>29a. A. tricaudata tricaudata Johnson, 1992 —NE China (Liaoning), Russia (Ussuri)</p><p>29b. A. tricaudata confusa Huang, Chen &amp; Li, 2006 —Jiangsu, Fujian</p><p>30. A. unicolora Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFB9FFD619CB7AA7FDCC1615	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7A9FFD5714AD.text	03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7A9FFD5714AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cissatsuma Johnson	<div><p>Genus Cissatsuma Johnson</p><p>1. C. albilinea (Riley, 1939) —Sichuan, Yunnan 2. C. contexta Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan 3. C. crenata Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan</p><p>4. C. halosa Johnson, 1992 —Gansu</p><p>5. C. kansuensis Johnson, 1992 —Gansu 6. C. pictila (Johnson, 1992) —S Sichuan 7. C. tuba Johnson, 1992 —Yunnan</p><p>8. C. zhoujingshuae Huang &amp; Zhou, 2014 —Shaanxi</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7A9FFD5714AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7BBFFCBD1735.text	03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7BBFFCBD1735.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Novosatsuma Johnson	<div><p>Genus Novosatsuma Johnson</p><p>1. N. magnapurpurea Johnson, 1992 —S Sichuan 2. N. magnasuffusa Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan</p><p>3. N. monstrabila Johnson, 1992 —N Myanmar</p><p>4. N. oppocoenosa Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan, Yunnan 5. N. plumbagina Johnson, 1992 —Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi 6. N. pratti (Leech, 1889) —Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587E1FFB8FFD619CB7BBFFCBD1735	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huang, Hao;Zhu, Jian-Qing	Huang, Hao, Zhu, Jian-Qing (2016): Ahlbergia maoweiweii sp. n. from Shaanxi, China with revisional notes on similar species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 4114 (4): 409-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.3
