identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C587F0FFEC380898C8F8B952BDFEB3.text	03C587F0FFEC380898C8F8B952BDFEB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cucumariinae Ludwig, 1894 sensu Panning 1949	<div><p>Subfamily Cucumariinae Ludwig, 1894 sensu Panning 1949</p><p>Remarks. The subfamily Cucumariinae has plates only in the body wall, while the second subfamily Colochirinae Panning, 1949 has plates and bowl/cup/basket ossicles in the body wall.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFEC380898C8F8B952BDFEB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.text	03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cucusquama O'Loughlin 2016	<div><p>Cucusquama O’Loughlin gen. nov.</p><p>Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0BE9B60F-195B-4F04-A06A-7EAF0BAA9D44</p><p>Diagnosis. Cucumariinid genus; body sub-pentagonal in transverse section, fusiform; tentacles 10, short, lobed; calcareous ring cucumariid-like; complete calcareous body cover of imbricating, single-layered, perforated plates/scales, free ends point posteriorly; tube feet radial only, walls covered with scales; absence of cups and tables.</p><p>Type species and locality. Cucusquama wesafrica O’Loughlin sp. nov. (equatorial west Africa). Monotypic.</p><p>Etymology. Named Cucu from the family name Cucumariidae, with recognition of cucumariid like characters, and squama from the Latin squama (meaning scale) with reference to the body cover of imbricating scales.</p><p>Remarks. The sub-pentagonal form, complete body cover of imbricating scales, 10 short lobed tentacles, and radial series of tube feet is a unique combination of morphological characters within family Cucumariidae . We reluctantly establish a new monotypic genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.text	03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cucusquama wesafrica O'Loughlin. Systematic 2016	<div><p>Cucusquama wesafrica O’Loughlin sp. nov.</p><p>Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D4A442DB-36E7-453C-945D-47FA23AB6CAA</p><p>Table 1; figures 5, 6</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. West Africa, Luanda, Angola, Discovery stn D 274, -8.84 13.23 64–65 m, 4 Aug 1927, NHMUK 2016.148.</p><p>Paratypes (4). West Africa, off Cape Lopez, Gambon (French Congo), Discovery stn D 279, -0.63 8.70 58–67 m, 10 Aug 1927, NHMUK 2016.149 – 152 .</p><p>Description. Body (preserved) up to 13 mm axial length, up to 3 mm high, body form sub-pentagonal, body tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, long posterior taper to create a tail; body completely invested in imbricating scales, free ends of imbricating scales point posteriorly; oral disc at base of oral cavity created by anteriorly-projecting scales; no anal scales detected; 10 short, lobed, black tentacles in ring on oral disc; ring not strongly calcified, form weakly evident, cucumariid-like; internal organs shriveled, brittle; tube feet on radii only, in single spaced series, up to 12 tube feet on any radius, tube feet more strongly developed on mid-ventral and ventro-lateral radii, wall of tube feet covered with imbricating scales.</p><p>Body wall ossicles single-layered perforated plates only, irregularly oval; large plates scales up to 600 µ m long; some irregular smaller plates up to about 170 µ m long; no evidence of cups or tables detected. No tube foot endplates detected. No tentacle ossicles detected.</p><p>Distribution. Equatorial West Africa, off Angola and Gambon, 58– 67 m.</p><p>1 See note 1 with Table 2 below.</p><p>2 See note 2 with Table 2 below.</p><p>3 Holotype specimen is thought to be lost. See note 3 with Table 2 below.</p><p>4 Specimen and locality source not recognized. May not be Discovery Expedition. Handwritten label with: St. 105, 13/2/’31, 163 m.</p><p>Etymology. Named wesafrica for the geographical occurrence of the species on the West Africa coast.</p><p>Remarks. All the type specimens have dried during preservation, and the calcareous ring and ossicles are partly at least eroded. The ring does not have a recognizable outline in any specimen that was dissected. The form and number of the tentacles are difficult to observe. The sub-pentagonal form, complete body cover of imbricating scales with free ends pointing posteriorly, 10 short lobed tentacles, radial series of tube feet, and absence of cups or tables distinguish the new genus and species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE538029B72F9B156D5F8C5.text	03C587F0FFE538029B72F9B156D5F8C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinopsolus Gutt 1990	<div><p>1. Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990 .</p><p>Bohn &amp; Hess (2014) reassigned a group of Antarctic cucumariid species to genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990, based on their shared and unique set of morphological characters related to their reproductive mode. The group comprised: Echinopsolus acanthocola Gutt, 1990; E. acutus (Massin, 1992); E. charcoti (Vaney, 1906); E. koehleri (Vaney, 1914); E. mollis (Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935); E. parvipes (Massin, 1992); E. splendidus (Gutt, 1990) . In the same paper Bohn &amp; Hess (2014) reassigned genus Echinopsolus to family Cucumariidae .</p>TaxonType statusStation collectedLocality collectedDepthDate collectedInstitution lodgedRegistration Clarkiella discoveryi Heding (in Heding &amp; Panning, 1954) 1HolotypeD 474W of Shag Rocks South Georgia199 m19 Nov 1930ZMUCHOL–000064 Clarkiella discoveryi Heding, 19541ParatypeD 474W of Shag Rocks South Georgia199 m19 Nov 1930ZMUCHOL–000247 Parathyonidium incertum Heding (in Heding &amp; Panning, 1954) 2, 3Holotype3Lost specimen3HOL–000093 Parathyonidium incertum Heding, 1954 Paratypes (3)D 170Clarence Island342 m23 Feb 1927ZMUCHOL–000300 Parathyonidium incertum Heding, 1954Paratypes (3) D 170Clarence Island342 m23 Feb 1927NHMUKNHMUK 2011.171–173 Parathyonidium incertum Heding, 1954Partypes (2)No record Elephant Island600 mNo recordMNHNMNHN– IE–2013–2479S Shetland Islands<p>1 No Discovery station data were reported for Clarkiella discoveryi with the description of the new taxa in Heding &amp; Panning 1954, but registered and labelled holotype and paratype (one) specimens are in the ZMUC with type status, station number and collection data (see Table 2 above with station data from the labels with the types in the ZMUC). Both type specimens were collected from the same type locality, station D474.</p><p>2 The station data reported for the type for Parathyonidium incertum in Heding &amp; Panning (1954) is station D474. We judge that this may be a mistake since it is the type locality on the labels for Clarkiella discoveryi . The holotype specimen is assumed to be lost as no “holotype” has been found. But there are paratypes from station D170, and a note on the label with them translated by Tom Schioette in 2013 reads: “Does the identification with them include also the large specimens? Heding’s serial number 234–236 st. 170”. With some reservation we judge that the holotype was most probably also from the paratype station D170, and not station D474 as published in Heding &amp; Panning (1954).</p><p>3 Note by Tom Schioette in 2013: “The holotype of Parathyonidium incertum, which should probably have been (or perhaps was) returned with the “Discovery” material after Heding’s death, was later given the ZMUC number HOL-93 in absentia. It must probably be considered lost, since later workers on the material have not succeeded in finding it”.</p><p>1 See Systematic note 6 below. This entry has been changed from the O’Loughlin &amp; VandenSpiegel 2010 paper.</p><p>O’Loughlin et al. (2009a) discussed the “ Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886) group” of Antarctic species that was created by Gutt (1988), and followed by Massin (1992). O’Loughlin et al. (2009a) listed 11 species in this “group”: Cucumaria acuta Massin, 1992; Cucumaria analis Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria aspera Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria attenuata Vaney, 1906; Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886); Cucumaria joubini Vaney, 1914; Cucumaria lateralis Vaney, 1906; Cucumaria perfida Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria periprocta Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria secunda Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria vaneyi Cherbonnier, 1949 . Bohn &amp; Hess (2014) also discussed this “group”, and we agree that the systematic status of the species in this group requires resolution. Foundational to this systematic resolution must be an establishment of the systematic status of Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886) . Bohn &amp; Hess (2014) did not assign the “group” to Echinopsolus . We have assigned some Discovery Expedition lots to this “group”. Based on the general similarity of their reproductive morphological features with those of the Echinopsolus species we have also assigned this “group” to Echinopsolus .</p><p>Bohn &amp; Hess (2014) were not able to confirm the systematic status of Echinopsolus excretiospinosus Massin, 2010, but noted that no brood pouches were reported and the ventral tentacle pair were apparently not smaller than the other tentacles.</p><p>CO1 genetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.; see phylogenetic tree in O’Loughlin et al. 2011) support a generic clade that includes Echinopsolus acanthocola (with apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence), the “ georgiana group” (with apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence), and the reassigned Echinopsolus mollis (apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence). Generic data thus support in part the work of Bohn &amp; Hess (2014). We note that these species also have mid-body dorsal papillae or tube feet, and lack cup (bowl) ossicles in the body wall.</p><p>But CO1 genetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.; see phylogenetic tree in O’Loughlin et al. 2011) support a generic clade for Psolus koehleri and Psolus charcoti that is separate from the Echinopsolus clade and do not support the reassignment of these two species to Echinopsolus . We note that these two species lack mid-body dorsal tube feet or papillae, and do have cup (bowl) ossicles in the body wall. Genetic data to date do not support their assignment to a Psolus Oken, 1815 clade. We leave these two species in their current reassignment to Echinopsolus until a necessary reassessment of dendrochirotid generic assignments is supported by additional genetic data.</p><p>We do not have a CO1 sequence for the recently reassigned Echinopsolus splendidus . This species lacks dorsal and lateral tube feet / papillae, but also lacks cups / bowls in the body wall. It falls morphologically into neither Echinopsolus genetic /generic clade. We judge that it will probably fall into another generic clade but in the absence of supportive genetic data we do not change the current reassignment to Echinopsolus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFE538029B72F9B156D5F8C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFF715337FCE0.text	03C587F0FFE638029B6AFF715337FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ocnus capensis (Theel 1886) MS	<div><p>2. Ocnus capensis (Théel, 1886) .</p><p>We have identified a single Discovery Expedition specimen from the sub-littoral of Saldanha Bay in south-west South Africa as Ocnus capensis (Théel, 1886) (MS 82, off Salamander Point, 7–14 m, 6 Sept 1926, NHMUK 2016.143). We based our determination on the description and illustration by Théel (1886) of the three type specimens collected from 179–274 meters off Cape Town in South Africa. Saldanha Bay is close to the type locality for this species. Based on our laboratory notes and sketches, Frank Rowe (pers. comm.) judged that the species is Ocnus capensis, but thought that the species would be better assigned to Pseudocnus Panning, 1949 . Rowe judged that genus Ocnus Forbes &amp; Goodsir, 1839 (in Forbes, 1841) is restricted to the Mediterranean and north European shore, and that genus Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820 is a monotypic endemic South Africa genus. Thandar (1991) described and illustrated and discussed Ocnus capensis, and Ahmed Thandar (pers. comm.) expressed some doubt about our identification. He considered the species to be a deep water one. We acknowledge that there is thus some doubt about our identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFE638029B6AFF715337FCE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFCE553AFFB5B.text	03C587F0FFE638029B6AFCE553AFFB5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentactella Verrill 1876	<div><p>3. Pentactella Verrill, 1876 .</p><p>Many Discovery Expedition lots have been identified as species of Pentactella Verrill, 1876 . Based on morphological characters and distribution consideration, and with the support of some genetic data, O’Loughlin et al. (2014) reassigned numbers of species of Pseudocnus Panning, 1949 to a new genus Laevocnus O’Loughlin (in O’Loughlin et al. 2014). Immediately after publication the authors recognized that the type species for the new genus Laevocnus was the type species for the monotypic Pentactella Verrill, 1876 . Laevocnus is an objective junior synonym of Pentactella . A detailed systematic history of genus Pentactella, and the assigned species, is provided by O’Loughlin et al. (2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFE638029B6AFCE553AFFB5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFA81530BFA4C.text	03C587F0FFE638029B6AFA81530BFA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psolus dubiosus Ludwig & Heding 1935	<div><p>4. Psolus dubiosus Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935</p><p>CO1 phylogenetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.) strongly support a synonymy for Psolus arnaudi Cherbonnier, 1974 and Psolus cherbonnieri Carriol &amp; Féral, 1985 with Psolus dubiosus Ludwig &amp; Heding, 1935 . For Discovery Expedition specimens we have not attempted to distinguish the former from Psolus dubiosus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFE638029B6AFA81530BFA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AF998533BF8C4.text	03C587F0FFE638029B6AF998533BF8C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psolus lockhartae O'Loughlin & Whitfield 2010	<div><p>5. Psolus lockhartae O’Loughlin &amp; Whitfield, 2010 .</p><p>We have identified a single specimen from deep water off the Falkland Islands as Psolus lockhartae O’Loughlin &amp; Whitfield, 2010 (WS 840, S of Falkland Islands, 368–463 m, 6 Feb 1932, NHMUK 2016.83). The distribution of Psolus lockhartae was given by O’Loughlin &amp; Whitfield (2010) as Birdwood Bank, South Georgia, South Shetlands and South Orkneys (211–2897 m). The 12 mm long specimen is smaller than the types (up to 20 mm long). The ossicle complement is the same, and the form of the ossicles is similar but the ossicles in the types are larger. We thus have some reservation over our determination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFE638029B6AF998533BF8C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFF9381D98D7FF71541DFDC3.text	03C587F0FFF9381D98D7FF71541DFDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig 1875) WS	<div><p>6. Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig, 1875) .</p><p>O’Loughlin &amp; VandenSpiegel (2010) published the determinations of numbers of Discovery Expedition synaptid (as apodid) holothuroids (see Table 4 above). They reported 10 specimens of Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig, 1875) (NHMUK 2010.75–84) from Marine Station 82 (Saldanha Bay). The location of Sladanha Bay in South Africa was not noticed, and the locality was mistakenly given as the Falkland Islands. There have been no other reports of Sigmodota contorta from South Africa, and this report for Saldanha Bay is now judged to be a mistake. There is also an RRS William Scoresby station 82 and this is now judged to be the source of the specimens. This station WS 82 was off the Falkland Islands at 140– 144 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587F0FFF9381D98D7FF71541DFDC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	O’Loughlin, P. Mark	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
