taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C587F0FFEC380898C8F8B952BDFEB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subfamily Cucumariinae has plates only in the body wall, while the second subfamily Colochirinae Panning, 1949 has plates and bowl / cup / basket ossicles in the body wall.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	description	Zoobank LSID. http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0 BE 9 B 60 F- 195 B- 4 F 04 - A 06 A- 7 EAF 0 BAA 9 D 44	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cucumariinid genus; body sub-pentagonal in transverse section, fusiform; tentacles 10, short, lobed; calcareous ring cucumariid-like; complete calcareous body cover of imbricating, single-layered, perforated plates / scales, free ends point posteriorly; tube feet radial only, walls covered with scales; absence of cups and tables.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	type_taxon	Type species and locality. Cucusquama wesafrica O’Loughlin sp. nov. (equatorial west Africa). Monotypic.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named Cucu from the family name Cucumariidae, with recognition of cucumariid like characters, and squama from the Latin squama (meaning scale) with reference to the body cover of imbricating scales.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38089B6AFEAA54FAFC63.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The sub-pentagonal form, complete body cover of imbricating scales, 10 short lobed tentacles, and radial series of tube feet is a unique combination of morphological characters within family Cucumariidae. We reluctantly establish a new monotypic genus.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	description	Zoobank LSID. http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 4 A 442 DB- 36 E 7 - 453 C- 945 D- 47 FA 23 AB 6 CAA Table 1; figures 5, 6	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. West Africa, Luanda, Angola, Discovery stn D 274, - 8.84 13.23 64 – 65 m, 4 Aug 1927, NHMUK 2016.148. Paratypes (4). West Africa, off Cape Lopez, Gambon (French Congo), Discovery stn D 279, - 0.63 8.70 58 – 67 m, 10 Aug 1927, NHMUK 2016.149 – 152.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	description	Description. Body (preserved) up to 13 mm axial length, up to 3 mm high, body form sub-pentagonal, body tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, long posterior taper to create a tail; body completely invested in imbricating scales, free ends of imbricating scales point posteriorly; oral disc at base of oral cavity created by anteriorly-projecting scales; no anal scales detected; 10 short, lobed, black tentacles in ring on oral disc; ring not strongly calcified, form weakly evident, cucumariid-like; internal organs shriveled, brittle; tube feet on radii only, in single spaced series, up to 12 tube feet on any radius, tube feet more strongly developed on mid-ventral and ventro-lateral radii, wall of tube feet covered with imbricating scales. Body wall ossicles single-layered perforated plates only, irregularly oval; large plates scales up to 600 µ m long; some irregular smaller plates up to about 170 µ m long; no evidence of cups or tables detected. No tube foot endplates detected. No tentacle ossicles detected.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Equatorial West Africa, off Angola and Gambon, 58 – 67 m.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named wesafrica for the geographical occurrence of the species on the West Africa coast.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFEC38069B6AFC7A5651FA6E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. All the type specimens have dried during preservation, and the calcareous ring and ossicles are partly at least eroded. The ring does not have a recognizable outline in any specimen that was dissected. The form and number of the tentacles are difficult to observe. The sub-pentagonal form, complete body cover of imbricating scales with free ends pointing posteriorly, 10 short lobed tentacles, radial series of tube feet, and absence of cups or tables distinguish the new genus and species.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE538029B72F9B156D5F8C5.taxon	description	Bohn & Hess (2014) reassigned a group of Antarctic cucumariid species to genus Echinopsolus Gutt, 1990, based on their shared and unique set of morphological characters related to their reproductive mode. The group comprised: Echinopsolus acanthocola Gutt, 1990; E. acutus (Massin, 1992); E. charcoti (Vaney, 1906); E. koehleri (Vaney, 1914); E. mollis (Ludwig & Heding, 1935); E. parvipes (Massin, 1992); E. splendidus (Gutt, 1990). In the same paper Bohn & Hess (2014) reassigned genus Echinopsolus to family Cucumariidae. O’Loughlin et al. (2009 a) discussed the “ Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886) group ” of Antarctic species that was created by Gutt (1988), and followed by Massin (1992). O’Loughlin et al. (2009 a) listed 11 species in this “ group ”: Cucumaria acuta Massin, 1992; Cucumaria analis Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria aspera Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria attenuata Vaney, 1906; Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886); Cucumaria joubini Vaney, 1914; Cucumaria lateralis Vaney, 1906; Cucumaria perfida Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria periprocta Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria secunda Vaney, 1908; Cucumaria vaneyi Cherbonnier, 1949. Bohn & Hess (2014) also discussed this “ group ”, and we agree that the systematic status of the species in this group requires resolution. Foundational to this systematic resolution must be an establishment of the systematic status of Cucumaria georgiana (Lampert, 1886). Bohn & Hess (2014) did not assign the “ group ” to Echinopsolus. We have assigned some Discovery Expedition lots to this “ group ”. Based on the general similarity of their reproductive morphological features with those of the Echinopsolus species we have also assigned this “ group ” to Echinopsolus. Bohn & Hess (2014) were not able to confirm the systematic status of Echinopsolus excretiospinosus Massin, 2010, but noted that no brood pouches were reported and the ventral tentacle pair were apparently not smaller than the other tentacles. CO 1 genetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.; see phylogenetic tree in O’Loughlin et al. 2011) support a generic clade that includes Echinopsolus acanthocola (with apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence), the “ georgiana group ” (with apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence), and the reassigned Echinopsolus mollis (apparently two or three cryptic species with geographic congruence). Generic data thus support in part the work of Bohn & Hess (2014). We note that these species also have mid-body dorsal papillae or tube feet, and lack cup (bowl) ossicles in the body wall. But CO 1 genetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.; see phylogenetic tree in O’Loughlin et al. 2011) support a generic clade for Psolus koehleri and Psolus charcoti that is separate from the Echinopsolus clade and do not support the reassignment of these two species to Echinopsolus. We note that these two species lack mid-body dorsal tube feet or papillae, and do have cup (bowl) ossicles in the body wall. Genetic data to date do not support their assignment to a Psolus Oken, 1815 clade. We leave these two species in their current reassignment to Echinopsolus until a necessary reassessment of dendrochirotid generic assignments is supported by additional genetic data. We do not have a CO 1 sequence for the recently reassigned Echinopsolus splendidus. This species lacks dorsal and lateral tube feet / papillae, but also lacks cups / bowls in the body wall. It falls morphologically into neither Echinopsolus genetic / generic clade. We judge that it will probably fall into another generic clade but in the absence of supportive genetic data we do not change the current reassignment to Echinopsolus.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFF715337FCE0.taxon	description	We have identified a single Discovery Expedition specimen from the sub-littoral of Saldanha Bay in south-west South Africa as Ocnus capensis (Théel, 1886) (MS 82, off Salamander Point, 7 – 14 m, 6 Sept 1926, NHMUK 2016.143). We based our determination on the description and illustration by Théel (1886) of the three type specimens collected from 179 – 274 meters off Cape Town in South Africa. Saldanha Bay is close to the type locality for this species. Based on our laboratory notes and sketches, Frank Rowe (pers. comm.) judged that the species is Ocnus capensis, but thought that the species would be better assigned to Pseudocnus Panning, 1949. Rowe judged that genus Ocnus Forbes & Goodsir, 1839 (in Forbes, 1841) is restricted to the Mediterranean and north European shore, and that genus Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820 is a monotypic endemic South Africa genus. Thandar (1991) described and illustrated and discussed Ocnus capensis, and Ahmed Thandar (pers. comm.) expressed some doubt about our identification. He considered the species to be a deep water one. We acknowledge that there is thus some doubt about our identification.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFCE553AFFB5B.taxon	description	Many Discovery Expedition lots have been identified as species of Pentactella Verrill, 1876. Based on morphological characters and distribution consideration, and with the support of some genetic data, O’Loughlin et al. (2014) reassigned numbers of species of Pseudocnus Panning, 1949 to a new genus Laevocnus O’Loughlin (in O’Loughlin et al. 2014). Immediately after publication the authors recognized that the type species for the new genus Laevocnus was the type species for the monotypic Pentactella Verrill, 1876. Laevocnus is an objective junior synonym of Pentactella. A detailed systematic history of genus Pentactella, and the assigned species, is provided by O’Loughlin et al. (2015).	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AFA81530BFA4C.taxon	description	CO 1 phylogenetic data (Gustav Paulay pers. comm.) strongly support a synonymy for Psolus arnaudi Cherbonnier, 1974 and Psolus cherbonnieri Carriol & Féral, 1985 with Psolus dubiosus Ludwig & Heding, 1935. For Discovery Expedition specimens we have not attempted to distinguish the former from Psolus dubiosus.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFE638029B6AF998533BF8C4.taxon	description	We have identified a single specimen from deep water off the Falkland Islands as Psolus lockhartae O’Loughlin & Whitfield, 2010 (WS 840, S of Falkland Islands, 368 – 463 m, 6 Feb 1932, NHMUK 2016.83). The distribution of Psolus lockhartae was given by O’Loughlin & Whitfield (2010) as Birdwood Bank, South Georgia, South Shetlands and South Orkneys (211 – 2897 m). The 12 mm long specimen is smaller than the types (up to 20 mm long). The ossicle complement is the same, and the form of the ossicles is similar but the ossicles in the types are larger. We thus have some reservation over our determination.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
03C587F0FFF9381D98D7FF71541DFDC3.taxon	description	O’Loughlin & VandenSpiegel (2010) published the determinations of numbers of Discovery Expedition synaptid (as apodid) holothuroids (see Table 4 above). They reported 10 specimens of Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig, 1875) (NHMUK 2010.75 – 84) from Marine Station 82 (Saldanha Bay). The location of Sladanha Bay in South Africa was not noticed, and the locality was mistakenly given as the Falkland Islands. There have been no other reports of Sigmodota contorta from South Africa, and this report for Saldanha Bay is now judged to be a mistake. There is also an RRS William Scoresby station 82 and this is now judged to be the source of the specimens. This station WS 82 was off the Falkland Islands at 140 – 144 m.	en	O’Loughlin, P. Mark (2016): The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53-70, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
