taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C54272FFA9A017FDC871EA40DA5B35.taxon	description	Fig. 1	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFA9A017FDC871EA40DA5B35.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Boreohesperus capensis Shear, 1992, by original designation.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFA9A017FDC871EA40DA5B35.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Boreohesperus may be distinguished from the four other genera of Australian paradoxosomatids whose gonopods divide into two main branches, Dicladosoma Brölemann, 1913, Dicladosomella Jeekel, 1982, Oncocladosoma Jeekel, 1985 and Somethus Chamberlin, 1920, by the two main branches of its gonopod arising from a distinct femorite that may vary from one-quarter to one-half of the acropodite length. In contrast, in Dicladosoma, the two thick gonopod branches arise from the prefemur, and the gonopods of each of the other three genera are split into two main branches much more deeply than in Boreohesperus, almost to the base of the acropodite.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFA9A017FDC871EA40DA5B35.taxon	description	Description The type species description remains unchanged from that set out in the first paper on Boreohesperus by Car & Harvey (2013).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFA9A017FDC871EA40DA5B35.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic notes The new species are considerably larger than those previously described, except B. capensis, ranging in length from approximately 16 – 20 mm. They, like B. capensis, also lack paranota. The gonopods of the three new species are also relatively larger (> 1 mm in length) and much more robust than the delicate structures of the other species, five of which have gonopods less than 1 mm in length. In all three new species, the gonopod femorite is relatively longer (approximately one-half the acropodite length), stockier and extremely broad when compared with those of the southern species, particularly that of the type species. It seems that the new Koolan Island species (B. vascellus sp. nov.) represents one extreme of femorite stoutness while B. capensis has the most slender femorite of all (Fig. 1). Finally, with the exception of B. capensis, each of the described southern species has a marked bifurcation of the solenomere tip: two of the new species carry a small process at the solenomere tip; in the third, a process is entirely lacking.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0 D 2 CB 02 B- 91 F 7 - 4 C 02 - 903 B-FC 4 C 7 B 9 D 8530 Figs 2, 5	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species is readily distinguished from those previously described by its large, robust gonopod with a long, broad femorite. It differs from Boreohesperus psittacinus sp. nov. and B. vascellus sp. nov. in its long, curled solenomere on the gonopod which lacks a tip process: this process is present in the other two species. B. alcyonis sp. nov. also has a distinctive long, slender non-seminiferous branch process on the gonopod that curves to the solenomere tip.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named for the island on which it was found, Kingfisher Island (from the Latin ‘ alcyon, - is ’, noun, kingfisher).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype WESTERN AUSTRALIA: ♂, Kingfisher Island, 16 º 04 ′ 55 ″ S, 124 º 04 ′ 15 ″ E, Biota site ref. D 20100209 KIS 3 - 171 - 1, vine thicket, 9 Feb. 2010, R. Teale leg. (WAM T 108780). Paratypes WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 2 ♂♂, same data as holotype (WAM T 140186).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) Body approximately 16 mm long; mid-body approximately 2 mm wide dorsally with distinct waist between prozonite and metazonite; legs of moderate length, approximately equal to length of 1 – 2 midbody rings. Colour uniform chestnut brown. Paranota absent. Sternites, other than those of the fifth body ring, with no noticeable features. Sternal lamella broad, square and short, reaching just above the coxae of the second pair of legs on body ring 5. Anterior spiracles at mid-body elliptical, small, facing slightly posteriorly. Antennae not obviously clavate, fifth and sixth antennomeres only slightly wider than proximal ones, short, not extending to body ring 2, antennomeres relatively slender (Fig. 2 A). Gonopod (Fig. 2 C – F) extending to posterior edge of fifth body ring; coxa (C) robust and approximately 2 × as long as broad; prefemur (PF) short, sub-triangular; femorite (F) half the length of acropodite, slightly narrower at base, then broadening noticeably; non-seminiferous branch (NSB) extending almost to solenomere tip as an upright, broad, pointed process; process on medial surface of NSB (nsbp) long and very slender, arising approximately midway on the length of the NSB and curving upwards almost to the solenomere tip; solenomere (S) relatively long and slender, arising midway between NSB tip and PF, basal third curving away from NSB and tip curling back towards gonopod midline to form a slender loop; solenomere tip undivided with no process; solenomere process (sp) absent; separate posterior process (pp) arising near solenomere base, long, slender, pointed and at least half solenomere length. Female Unknown.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFABA010FDDC761145175B17.taxon	distribution	Distribution This species is known from three males only, collected from Kingfisher Island.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 E 2 A 401 B- 20 E 9 - 4958 - 8 E 12 - 56 C 743 E 7 F 64 F Figs 3, 5	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species can be easily separated from the southern described species because it is much larger and the male has a much more robust gonopod with a long broad femorite. It is readily distinguished from B. alcyonis sp. nov. by gonopodal characters: the presence of a small process at the solenomere tip and a short process on the non-seminiferous branch: these processes are absent in B. alcyonis sp. nov. The gonopodal femorite and non-seminiferous branch together form a smooth upright flame-shaped structure, gradually narrowing when viewed laterally: in contrast, the gonopodal femorite of B. vascellus sp. nov. is noticeably narrow at its base laterally and, again, the non-seminiferous branch is narrower at its base than at its midpoint.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named for the island on which it was found, Cockatoo Island (from the Latin ‘ psittacinus ’, of parrots).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype WESTERN AUSTRALIA: ♂, Cockatoo Island, 16 º 05 ′ 03 ″ S, 123 º 35 ′ 15 ″ E, site ref. GHDLN 0350, hand foraging, hummock grassland, 8 Feb. 2014, G. Owen leg. (WAM T 132609). Paratypes WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 2 ♂♂, details as for holotype, but site ref. GHDLN 0342, 12 Feb. 2014 (WAM T 132608). Other material examined WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 juvenile, details as for paratypes, but site ref. GHDLN 0371 (WAM T 132611); 1 ♂, details as for paratypes, but site ref. GHDLN 0394, 14 Feb. 2014 (WAM T 132613); 1 ♂, details as for paratypes, but site ref. GHDLN 0396, 14 Feb. 2014 (WAM T 132614); also from Cockatoo Island: 1 juvenile, 16 º 05 ′ 28 ″ S, 123 º 36 ′ 03 ″ E, site ref. GHDLN 0382, pitfall trap in eucalyptus woodland, 7 – 12 Feb. 2014, G. Owen leg. (WAM T 132612).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) Body approximately 20 mm long; mid-body approximately 1.5 mm wide dorsally with distinct waist between prozonite and metazonite; legs of moderate length, approximately equal to length of 1 – 2 midbody rings. Colour uniform dark brown. Paranota absent. Sternites, other than those of the fifth body ring, with no noticeable features. Sternal lamella, broad and square, anterior edge with a slightly raised mid-point, extending to the posterior edge of ring 4. Anterior spiracles at mid-body small, flat ovoid. Antennae not obviously clavate, sixth antennomere only slightly wider than proximal ones, short, not extending to body ring 2, antennomeres moderately slender (Fig. 3 A). Gonopod (Fig. 3 C – D, F) extending to posterior edge of fifth body ring; coxa (C) robust and approximately 2 × as long as broad; prefemur (PF) short, sub-globose; femorite (F) half the length of acropodite, slightly narrower at base, then broadening noticeably; non-seminiferous branch (NSB) extending almost to solenomere tip as an upright, broad, flame-shaped process; process on medial surface of NSB (nsbp) short and pointed, arising approximately midway on the length of the NSB; solenomere (S) relatively long and slender, arising midway between NSB tip and prefemur, basal third curving away from NSB and tip curling back towards gonopod midline to form an arc; solenomere tip with small process (stp); solenomere process (sp) absent; separate posterior process (pp) arising near solenomere base, long, slender, pointed and at least half solenomere length. Female Unknown.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFADA012FDCF757C44485B46.taxon	distribution	Distribution This species is known from only a few individuals collected in grassland on Cockatoo Island.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 75 C 21 DCD-E 403 - 4 B 9 E-A 72 E-DFEA 369 EEED 7 Figs 4 – 5	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species can be distinguished from all other species in the genus by combined features of the male gonopod: this has an extremely broad femorite, a distinctively shaped (flame-shaped, broadest at its mid-point) non-seminiferous branch and a relatively long, pointed curved posterior process.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The gonopod of this species is reminiscent of a small vase (from the Latin ‘ vascellum ’, noun dim., vessel, vase).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype WESTERN AUSTRALIA: ♂, Koolan Island, 16 º 07 ′ 45 ″ S, 123 º 46 ′ 49 ″ E, dry pitfall trap, 20 – 24 Jan. 2006, B. Maryan leg. (WAM T 137095). Paratypes WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 2 ♂♂, same data as for holotype (WAM T 73954).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype) Body approximately 18 mm long; mid-body approximately 1.5 mm wide dorsally with distinct waist between prozonite and metazonite; legs of moderate length, approximately equal to length of 1 – 2 mid-body rings. Colour uniform chestnut brown. Paranota absent. Sternites, other than those of the fifth body ring, with no noticeable features. Anterior spiracles at mid-body, very small, flat, ovoid, slightly posteriorly facing. Antennae not obviously clavate, sixth antennomere only slightly wider than proximal ones, short, not extending to body ring 2, antennomeres moderately slender (Fig 4 A). Gonopod (Fig. 4 D) extending to posterior edge of fifth body ring; coxa (C) robust and approximately 2 × as long as broad; prefemur (PF) short, sub-globose; femorite (F) half the length of acropodite, narrow at base, then broadening considerably; non-seminiferous branch (NSB) extending almost to solenomere tip as an upright, very broad, process, narrowing abruptly to a pointed tip; process on medial surface of NSB (nsbp) very short and pointed, arising approximately midway on the length of the NSB; solenomere (S) relatively long and slender, arising midway between NSB tip and prefemur, curving away slightly from NSB and tip curling back towards gonopod midline to form a small loop; solenomere tip with small process (stp); solenomere process (sp) absent; separate posterior process (pp) arising near solenomere base, slender, pointed, curving away almost a right angles from the solenomere to abut against the NSB. Female Unknown.	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
03C54272FFAFA01DFDD1757C45485B7E.taxon	distribution	Distribution This species in known from only three males on Koolan Island (Fig. 5).	en	Car, Catherine A., Harvey, Mark S. (2017): New species of Boreohesperus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from north-western Australia. European Journal of Taxonomy 320 (320): 1-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.320
