identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C2878E7340E253FF348565B9F982DE.text	03C2878E7340E253FF348565B9F982DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphothrips Uzel 1895	<div><p>Anaphothrips Uzel</p><p>Anaphothrips Uzel, 1895: 211 . Type species Anaphothrips virgo Uzel, a synonym of Thrips obscurus Müller.</p><p>Anaphothrips is a genus containing 82 species (ThripsWiki 2018), with a large structural variation among the various species. Some of character states in some species are apparently “loss apomorphies” and thus have limited phylogenetic significance (Mound, personal communication 2017). This issue makes it difficult to assume the species all belong to a single lineage (Mound &amp; Masumoto 2009), and sometimes confuses taxonomists in identifying genera. This situation is clearly seen in apterous species.</p><p>The most important characters for characterizing Anaphothrips are as follows (Mound &amp; Masumoto 2009): apterous, micropterous or macropterous; antennae 8- or 9-segmented, sense cone on III forked (simple in some apterous Australian species, absent in A. sineconus), on IV forked (simple in A. sineconus); segment I without dorso-apical setae. Three pairs of ocellar setae present; eyes large, with six pigmented facets or without it (five in A. sineconus); maxillary palps 3-segmented. Pronotum with no long setae; ferna usually entire, but sometimes well separated; basantra without setae. Mesonotal campaniform sensilla usually present but often small and inconspicuous. Metapre-episternum usually slender and tapers to the apex weakly developed. Mesothoracic furca with spinula; metathoracic furca without spinula. Tarsi 2-segmented. Fore wing (where macropterous) with setae short, first and second veins with setal row irregularly spaced; marginal cilia wavy; clavus with no discal setae. Abdominal tergites and sternites without posteromarginal craspeda; tergites without lateral ctenidia, campaniform sensilla far from posterior margin; tergite IX with two pairs of campaniform sensilla (one pair in A. sineconus), mediodorsal setae short and arising laterally; tergite X with complete or incomplete dorsal split (absent in A. sineconus); sternites without discal setae, III–VII with 3 pairs of marginal setae, median pair on VII ahead of posterior margin. Males (where known) with pore plates on sternite III or III–VII behind antecostal line, often large and C-shaped, but sometimes small and not C-shaped, or absent; tergite IX with or without dorsal paired thorn-like setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2878E7340E253FF348565B9F982DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alavi, Jalil;Yazdanian, Mohsen;Minaei, Kambiz	Alavi, Jalil, Yazdanian, Mohsen, Minaei, Kambiz (2018): Anaphothrips sineconus and Hyalopterothrips brunneus, two new species of Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera) from Iran. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 437-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.10
03C2878E7340E251FF3482A0BBBA8345.text	03C2878E7340E251FF3482A0BBBA8345.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphothrips sineconus Alavi & Yazdanian & Minaei 2018	<div><p>Anaphothrips sineconus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 1–6)</p><p>Female apterous. Body white to pale brown, often white with one pair of pale brown spots laterally on each tergite as well as on meso and metanotum (Fig. 1). Legs pale brown; antennal segments I, III–IV white, II and V–IX shaded pale brown (Fig. 3). Head wider than long; with two small conical tubercles in front of vertex, ocelli absent (Fig. 2). ocellar setae vestigial, pair I present; eyes with five pigmented facets. Antenna 9-segmented, without rows of microtrichia, suture between VI and VII oblique; segment III without and IV with simple sense cone, VII with one rather stout sense cone (Fig. 3). Pronotum with very fine transverse lines of sculpture; without posteroangular setae; with four pairs of posteromarginal setae (Fig. 2). Spinula on mesosternum endofurca weak, incomplete (Fig. 4). Abdominal tergites with a few weak transverse lines, and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla. posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII smooth; tergite IX with one pair of campaniform sensilla (Fig. 5), setae S1 subequal to S2 and equidistant from each other, mediodorsal setae short; tergite X shorter than IX, anal setae short. Abdominal sternite II with 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae; III–VII with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, posterior margin of sternite VII not clearly distinguishable medially as it is largely membranous, setae S1 slightly ahead of S2, and likely close to posterior margin (Fig. 6).</p><p>Measurements in microns. (holotype female in microns). Distended body length 1170. Head, length 75; width cross cheeks 117. Pronotum, length 90; width 150. Pterothorax, length 175; width 200. Tergite IX, mediodorsal setae 12–13; posteromarginal setae S1 43 –50; setae S2 76–58. Tergite X posteromarginal setae S1 42. Antennal segments I–IX L(W): 10(22), 30(21), 25(15), 25(16), 25(17), 26(13), 12 (10), 11(7), 15(5).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Material studied. Holotype female (apterous), IRAN, Khorasan-e Razavi province, Mahvelat, Miyandehi, from Haloxylon persicum [ Amaranthaceae], 4.iv.2013, A. Nemati &amp; M. Yazdanian. Paratypes: 9 females with same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from Latin words sine (less) and conus (cone), and refers to the absence of a sense cone on antennal segment III.</p><p>Comments. The new species is unique among members of Anaphothrips genus by having no sense cone on antennal segment III, a simple sense cone on antennal segment IV, five pigmented facets on each compound eye, only one pair campaniform sensilla on tergite IX, and no dorsal split on tergite X. These character states are considered related to the extreme aptery of this species within the genus Anaphothrips, with the consequent reduction in many character states. A. sineconus is similar in body structure to two Australian grass-living species, A. moundi and A. woodi . They share the number of antennal segments, and lack wings and ocelli. Almost all Anaphothrips species are macropterous, although in some species wing polymorphism is seen, and some species are known only from micropterous or apterous adults (Mound &amp; Masumoto 2009; Mound et al. 2018).</p><p>The sense cone on antennal segment III is absent in the new species, while in most Anaphothrips it is forked, although simple in at least five species— A. aptilotus, A. glenysae, A. moundi, A. woodi and A. varii (Mound &amp; Masumoto 2009, Mound et al. 2018). Moreover, the sense cone on antennal segment IV is simple in the new species, whereas in all species of Anaphothrips, this sense cone is forked. Generally, the number of pigmented facets in the eyes of Anaphothrips species is six, but in the Australian species A. monga, A. moundi and A. woodi pigmented facets are weak or absent (Mound et al. 2018; Mound &amp; Masumoto 2009), and in A. sineconus there are only five pigmented. Nakahara (1989, 1996) and Bhatti (2003) showed that the number of pigmented facets may not be a constant character, and is generally variable in members of a species and within each genus, or sexes, or even in the two eyes of a single specimen.</p><p>A. sineconus with no dorsal split on tergite X is distinguished from all other species of Anaphothrips in which they have complete or incomplete dorsal split on tergite X. In two most similar species, A. moundi and A. woodi, the split is incomplete and complete, respectively. Furthermore, the latter two species also differ from A. sineconus by having unusually large spiracles laterally and narrow craspedum of small lobes or teeth posteriorly on tergite VIII. Finally, the new species discussed here, by living on Amaranthaceae, is different in habitat from the two grass-living species, A. moundi and A. woodi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2878E7340E251FF3482A0BBBA8345	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alavi, Jalil;Yazdanian, Mohsen;Minaei, Kambiz	Alavi, Jalil, Yazdanian, Mohsen, Minaei, Kambiz (2018): Anaphothrips sineconus and Hyalopterothrips brunneus, two new species of Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera) from Iran. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 437-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.10
03C2878E7342E251FF348324BCAF80C4.text	03C2878E7342E251FF348324BCAF80C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalopterothrips Priesner 1939	<div><p>Hyalopterothrips Priesner</p><p>Anaphothrips (Hyalopterothrips) Priesner, 1939a: 130 . Type species Anaphothrips (Hyalopterothrips) crocatus Priesner.</p><p>The species in this genus are characterized by the following set of characters (Priesner 1964; Bhatti 1978): largesized, robust body, macropterous. Head with two pairs of anteocellar setae, interocellar setae long. Pronotum with two pairs of long posteroangular setae. Ferna divided (Fig. 11). Lower vein of fore wing with only four setae, posterior fringes wavy. Abdominal tergite VIII without comb. Male tergite IX with two pairs of short stout thornlike setae; sternites III–V or VI each usually with a transverse and two rounded pore plates.</p><p>When Priesner (1957) described subtribe Anaphothripina, he characterized it by having no long setae on prothorax "Prothorax an den Hinterecken ohne längere, niemals mit 2 solchen Borsten jederseits". However, Priesner (1939a) had described Hyalopterothrips as a subgenus of Anaphothrips with the following comment: "The following is an interesting new which is difficult to place; its appearance is that of an Anaphothrips but the prothorax bears two pairs of fairly well developed, hyaline, posteroangular bristles. I consider it as the representative of a new subgenus". He retained Hyalopterothrips as a subgenus in his later works (see Priesner 1939b, 1949). Bhatti (1963) raised subgenus Hyalopterothrips to full generic status, and later included it in Anaphothrips genus-group (Bhatti 1978). Hyalopterothrips and two other genera from Anaphothrips -group, Helenothrips and Tameothrips, all include species with two pairs of long posteroangular setae. The genus is distinguished from Helenothrips as follows: In female, abdominal tergite VIII with no posteromarginal comb (vs. with posteromarginal comb), tergite X without short thorn-like setae S1 (vs. with a pair), and sternite III with no pore plates (vs. with a pair). Hyalopterothrips is distinguished from Tameothrips by divided prosternal ferna (vs. undivided), and with stout ocellar setae pair III and posteroangular setae on pronotum (vs. with no such stout setae) (Masumoto &amp; Okajima 2017). setae S6 on the abdominal tergites II–VI inserted in front of the posterior margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2878E7342E251FF348324BCAF80C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alavi, Jalil;Yazdanian, Mohsen;Minaei, Kambiz	Alavi, Jalil, Yazdanian, Mohsen, Minaei, Kambiz (2018): Anaphothrips sineconus and Hyalopterothrips brunneus, two new species of Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera) from Iran. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 437-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.10
03C2878E7345E256FF3487D0B8AB8048.text	03C2878E7345E256FF3487D0B8AB8048.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalopterothrips brunneus Alavi & Yazdanian & Minaei 2018	<div><p>Hyalopterothrips brunneus sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 7–16)</p><p>Female macroptera. Body brown including legs (Fig. 7); tergites II–VII with a pair of pale round spots laterally; antenna brown, I yellowish brown at apex, II yellowish brown at basal half (Fig. 9); fore wing shaded as well as its setae and fringes, veins well defined with shaded pale brown color. Head wider than long; ocellar setae I present; ocellar setae III arise inside ocellar triangle (Fig. 8); eyes with six pigmented facets. Antenna 8–segmented, segment VI without partial suture, segments III and IV each with forked sense cone. Pronotum rather trapezoidal, with transverse lines of sculpture (Fig. 8); two pairs of well-developed posteroangular setae; three vestigial pairs of posteromarginal setae, discal setae vestigial. Mesonotum with anteromedian campaniform sensilla and transverse anastomosing sculpture lines; median pair of setae far ahead of posterior margin. Metanotum with reticulate sculpture; median pair of setae near to anterior margin, distance between median pair of metanotal setae greater than distance between median and submedian; campaniform sensilla absent (Fig. 10). Fore wing costa with 25–26 setae, upper vein setae broadly interrupted with 3+3+3, 3+3+2 or 3+4+3 setae, lower vein with 4 widely interrupted setae; clavus with 4–5 marginal setae and one discal setae. Abdominal tergites with numerous transverse lines; posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII smooth, without comb; tergite IX with two pairs of campaniform sensilla as well as other tergites (Fig. 12), setae S1 subequal to S2 and equidistant from each other; X with complete split. Abdominal sternites and laterotergites II–VIII without discal setae; sternite II with 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae; III–VII with 3 pairs of posteromarginal setae, median setae on VII far ahead of posterior margin (Fig. 13).</p><p>Measurements in microns (holotype female in microns). Distended body length 1640. Head, length 110; width across cheeks 138. Pronotal median length 137; maximum width 205; inner posteroangular setae 35; outer posteroangular setae 37–50. Fore wing length 780. Tergite IX, mediodorsal setae 22–24; posteromarginal setae S1 113, setae S2 107. Tergite X, posteromarginal setae S1 63–67. Antennal segments I–VIII L(W): 17(25), 40(24), 50(18), 37(18), 35(18), 54(15), 10(7), 15(5).</p><p>Male macroptera. Body brown including legs, fore tibia and tarsus slightly lighter (Fig. 14); antenna brown, segments III–IV somewhat lighter. Structure similar to female. Abdominal sternites III–IV each with one oval pore plate (Fig. 16); tergite IX with two pairs of stout bit short spines, anteriors somewhat stouter and longer than posterior ones (Fig. 15).</p><p>Measurements in microns (paratype male in microns). Distended body length 1300. Head, length 100; width across cheeks 112. Pronotal median length 105; maximum width 150; inner posteroangular setae 28; outer posteroangular setae 30. Fore wing length 550. Antennal segments I–VIII L(W): 15(22), 35(22), 45(), 35(17), 32(17), 45(15), 10(7), 10(5).</p><p>Material studied. Holotype female (macroptera), IRAN, Khorasan-e Razavi province, Mahvelat, Miyandehi, from Bassia sp. [ Amaranthaceae], 4.iv.2013, A. Nemati &amp; M. Yazdanian. Paratypes: 8 females, 4 males with same data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. Species name is derived from Latin word " brunneus ", refers to the brown body of the new species.</p><p>Comments. Three species are included in Hyalopterothrips, H. crocatus, H. hieroglyphicus and H. luteus . The latter species is unique in having simple sense cones on antennal segments III–IV while the sense cones are forked in two other species as well as the new species discussed here. H. brunneus is distinguished from H. hieroglyphicus and H. crocatus by small interocellar setae (vs. well developed), and minute setae on posterior margin of pronotum (vs. developed innermost pair). Moreover, the female of the new species differs from H. hieroglyphicus by the following character states: posterior margin of pronotum with three pairs of setae (vs. four pairs), abdominal tergite X entirely split dorsally (vs. not entirely split). In the new species sternites III–IV of male bear only one ovale pore plate whereas in H. crocatus, H. hieroglyphicus each usually with a transverse and two rounded pore plates on sternites III–V or VI.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2878E7345E256FF3487D0B8AB8048	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alavi, Jalil;Yazdanian, Mohsen;Minaei, Kambiz	Alavi, Jalil, Yazdanian, Mohsen, Minaei, Kambiz (2018): Anaphothrips sineconus and Hyalopterothrips brunneus, two new species of Anaphothrips genus-group (Thysanoptera) from Iran. Zootaxa 4388 (3): 437-443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.3.10
