identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C287D3FFB0330DFD8E170E25554148.text	03C287D3FFB0330DFD8E170E25554148.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnia Pictet 1841	<div><p>Genus Capnia Pictet, 1841</p><p>Capnia Pictet, 1841: 116 .</p><p>Type species</p><p>Capnia nigra (Pictet, 1833) .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Additionally, the entirely setose main epiproct sclerite is unique and will easily distinguish it from all other males in the species group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287D3FFB0330DFD8E170E25554148	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Zhishan;Cao, Jinjun;Yang, Ding;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Cao, Zhishan, Cao, Jinjun, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Integrative taxonomy of the Capnia cordata species group (Plecoptera: Capniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1012: 81-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3027, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3027/13591
03C287D3FFB0330AFF48149326EA43F5.text	03C287D3FFB0330AFF48149326EA43F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnia Pictet 1841	<div><p>Definition of the Capnia s. lat. cordata species group</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Both the male and female are macropterous, the forewing having a curved A1 and R1 and a quadrangular cubital cell (Fig. 3). The mesothoracic postfurcasternum is separated from the furcasternum and furcasternal pit (Murányi et al. 2014: fig. 53). The male epiproct has a large basal sclerite that is weakly divided from the smaller laterobasal sclerites. The main epiproct sclerite is laterally entire and fully divided on the ventral surface. The caudal setae are absent and the inner sclerite is weak but long. The epiproct tip lacks an eversible crest (Murányi et al. 2014: figs 11–12). The male paraprocts are long and widely separated at the apex (Murányi et al. 2014: fig. 26). The fusion plate is long and narrow, the small retractoral plate not fused (Murányi et al. 2014: fig. 37). The male tergum IX has a single posteromedial process that lacks scales or a sensilla basiconica. Tergum X is subdivided and posteriorly connected. A vesicle is usually present on the sternum IX and the subgenital plate is divided from sternum and tergum IX (Figs 4, 10). The female subgenital plate is large and its lateral portions are often weakly sclerotized. The posterior lobe is distinct and variable with the lateral and anterior sclerites being distinct. The inner sclerite and postgenital plate are lacking (Fig. 8).</p><p>Affinities</p><p>The Cox 1 based molecular analyses well support both the monophyly of the group, and its distinction from Capnia s. str. (Murányi et al. 2014). It deserves definition as a new genus, as it will be described in the ongoing genus level revision of the Capniidae being conducted by Dávid Murányi. Morphologically, males are closely related to the genus Zwicknia Murányi, 2014, though molecular analyses do not suggest a close relationship (Murányi et al. 2014). The species of Zwicknia differ by the presence of a distinct eversible crest on the apicolaterally divided main epiproct sclerite; alternatively, the C. cordata group lacks the eversible crest. Females of the cordata group are distinctive among Palaearctic Capniidae by the distinct posterior lobe of the large but usually laterally weakly sclerotized subgenital plate, combined with the lack of an inner sclerite of the vaginal complex, a normal anal field of the hind wing, and a quadrangular cubital cell of the forewing. The larva is known only for two species (Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980; Rehman et al. 2022); the tuft of hairs on the tip of the galea (Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980) is a possible distinctive character for the group.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Members of the C. cordata group are distributed in High Asia, where they are the most common and diverse Capniidae . Species are known from the Tien Shan, Hindukush, Pamir, Himalayas and the eastern ranges, sloping from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Fig. 1). The morphologically similar Zwicknia has a mainly West Palaearctic distribution, extending eastwards to the Central Asian high mountains. This distribution pattern elucidates the geographically vicariant relationship between Zwicknia and the C. ordata group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287D3FFB0330AFF48149326EA43F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Zhishan;Cao, Jinjun;Yang, Ding;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Cao, Zhishan, Cao, Jinjun, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Integrative taxonomy of the Capnia cordata species group (Plecoptera: Capniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1012: 81-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3027, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3027/13591
03C287D3FFB63304FDDA130926244562.text	03C287D3FFB63304FDDA130926244562.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnia Pictet 1841	<div><p>Capnia s. lat. bispina Cao &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B54BC6B4-681D-4ECA-833B-192955B1B8C7</p><p>Figs 1–8, 11A–B, 12A–C, 13–14</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male of this new species differs markedly from that of most other members of the C. cordata species group by its caudally projecting posteromedial process of tergum IX ending in two acute spines.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ bispina ’ is derived from Latin ‘ bi ’ (meaning ‘two’ or ‘double’) and ‘ spina ’ (meaning ‘spine’ or ‘thorn’) in reference to the two apical spines of the posteromedial process of male tergum IX. Use as a noun, gender feminine.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • ♂; Qinghai Province, Xining City, Datong County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.60292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.915783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.60292/lat 36.915783)">Niangniang Mountain</a>; 36°54′56.81″ N, 101°36′10.51″ E; 2864 m a.s.l.; 17 Mar. 2021; Wei-Hai Li and Fan-Bin Kong leg.; HIST.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>CHINA • 9 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; HIST .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>ADULT HABITUS (Fig. 2). Body generally dark brown. Body length 9.1–9.3 mm. Forewing length 8.8– 9.0 mm, hindwing length 7.0– 7.2 mm (N = 10). Macropterous. Wing venation typical for species group. Forewing mottled, dark band in distal third, light band basal to it, other clouds of pigmentation. Head slightly wider than pronotum, with three ocelli, M-line and tentorial callosities dark brown. Antennae and palpi brown to dark brown. Pronotum trapezoid with dark rugosities, corner obtuse. Legs brown; tibiae lighter. Cerci with 17–18 slightly clubbed segments, each with apical whorl of long hairs.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Figs 2A, 4–7, 11A–B, 12A–B). Tergum I medially divided, terga II–IV subdivided by anteromedial membranous portion; antecosta medially divided on terga III and X, medially indent but entire on terga VI–IX (Fig. 11B). Terga IV–IX laterally with paired longitudinal patch and pair of spots. Tergum IX strongly sclerotized, posterior edge indenting laterad to posteromedial process, process slightly raised and extending to anterior margins of tergum X, 1 /5 × as wide as segment, falciform in shape and bilobed apically. Tergum X subdivided by evenly rounded anteromedial indentation (Figs 4–5). Sternum I entire and unmodified; sternum II with posterior sclerite not fused with anterior and lateral sclerites, sternum III with posterior sclerite not fused with anterior sclerites; sterna IV–VIII with anterior and lateral sclerites fused with posterior sclerite. Sternum IX fused with tergum IX anterolaterally (Fig. 11B); subgenital plate divided from other sclerites and tongue-shaped, with darkly sclerotized lateral margins; vesicle very large and covered with dense long hairs, rounded and wider than long. Short basal stalk, extending over ½ of subgenital plate (Fig. 4B). Paraprocts with long and wide apex, fusion plate long and narrow (Fig. 5B). Epiproct consist of large basal sclerite fused with relatively large, triangular basolateral sclerites; main epiproct sclerite 0.35 mm in length, long and widely triangular in dorsal view, dorsal edge convex while ventral edge convex in lateral view but apical third slightly dilated then abruptly narrowed into sharp, slightly downcurved apex. Dorsal division of main epiproct sclerite straight and narrow, only slightly opens after NaOH treatment; basal portion slightly darker, with delicate keel laterobasally; basal fork relatively large, fused with laterobasal sclerites; apex sharply pointed in both lateral and dorsal aspects (Figs 5, 12A–B); sclerite covered with dense setae on its dorsal and lateral surface, setae slightly shorter on basal portion and not similar to caudal setae of other Capniidae, sensillae occur on apex; inner sclerite long but thin and indistinct (Figs 6–7).</p><p>Female</p><p>ADULT HABITUS (Fig. 2B). Body length 10.5–10.6 mm. Forewing length 9.2–9.3 mm, hindwing length 8.2–8.3 mm. Habitus generally similar to male.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Figs 8, 11A, 12C). Terga I–VIII divided by wide median membranous area, each marked with pair of small dark spots; tergum IX with pair of anterior indentations, tergum X entire. Sternum I entire and unmodified; sterna II–VI with anterior sclerites not fused with posterior sclerite and lateral sclerites lacking, sternum VII with anterior sclerites not fused with posterior sclerite but small lateral sclerites present and fused (Figs 8A, C, 11A). Anterior sclerites of sternum VIII quadrangular, fused with subgenital plate. Subgenital plate wide trapezoidal, covering most of sternum (Fig. 12C), flat in lateral view; evenly sclerotized, setation lacking from medial portion and posterior lobe; posterior lobe less wide than ⅓ of subgenital plate width, not further lobed but expanded laterad with sharp, triangular portions. Lateral sclerites bean-shaped and bald, not fused with subgenital plate nor with tergum VIII. Postgenital plate and inner vaginal sclerite lacking. Sternum IX with wavy anterior edge, not fused with tergum IX; paraprocts triangular (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China: Qinghai Province, Datong County. Adults were collected in mid-March, emerging from a slow to moderately fast flowing, small headwater tributary of the Datong River, its streambed consisting of large boulders and gravel (Fig. 13).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Only C. s. lat. bilobata Chen &amp; Song, 2019 and C. s. lat. badakhshanica Zhiltzova, 1974 share a similar tergum IX process, but in C. s. lat. bilobata, it is wider and bilobed without apical spines and in C. s. lat. badakhshanica, it is shorter and smaller. The entirely setose main epiproct sclerite is unique in the species group, also easily distinguishing the male. The female of C. s. lat. bispina Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. appears the closest to C. s. lat. qilianshana Li &amp; Yang, 2009 and C. s. lat. yunnana Li &amp; Yang, 2011, sharing a similar narrow posterior lobe of the subgenital plate that is expanded lateral with triangular portions. However, the evenly sclerotized subgenital plate easily distinguishes the female from those two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287D3FFB63304FDDA130926244562	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Zhishan;Cao, Jinjun;Yang, Ding;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Cao, Zhishan, Cao, Jinjun, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Integrative taxonomy of the Capnia cordata species group (Plecoptera: Capniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1012: 81-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3027, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3027/13591
03C287D3FFB8331EFDCD16D024604207.text	03C287D3FFB8331EFDCD16D024604207.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnia Pictet	<div><p>C. s. lat. huanglong Cao &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 91C439D8-907B-4E78-9024-9F824A83837D</p><p>Figs 1, 9–10, 11C, 12D–E</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male of this new species differs markedly from that of most other members of the C. cordata species group by its straight process of tergum IX and the long and narrow triangular epiproct sclerite with the ventral and dorsal edges slightly but evenly convex in lateral view.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ huanglong ’ is derived from the Huanglong Scenic Spot, where the new species was found and probably restricted to these places and the nearby ranges. Used as a noun, gender neutral.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>CHINA • ♂; Sichuan Province, Aba Tibetan and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.7488" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8257/lat 32.7488)">Qiang Autonomous Prefecture</a>, Songpan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8257&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.7488" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8257/lat 32.7488)">Huanglong Scenic Spot</a>; 103°49′32.52″ E, 32°44′55.68″ N; 3550 m a.s.l.; 2 Aug. 2011; Si-Pei Liu and Wei-Hai Li leg.; HIST.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>ADULT HABITUS (Figs 2–3). Body generally dark brown. Body length 8.9 mm. Forewing length 10.3 mm, hindwing length 8.0 mm. Macropterous. Wing venation typical for species group. Head slightly wider than pronotum, with three pale and small ocelli, M-line and tentorial callosities dark brown. Antennae and palpi brown. Pronotum trapezoid with dark rugosities, corner obtuse. Legs brown; femora darker. Cerci with clubbed segments, each with apical whorl of long hairs; apical part of cerci broken in holotype.</p><p>ABDOMEN (Figs 9A, 10, 11C, 12D–E). Terga I–IV medially divided by membranous portion; antecosta medially divided on terga II–IV and X, medially indenting but entire on terga V–IX; short, medial longitudinal band projecting from antecosta on terga VIII–IX. Tergum IX strongly sclerotized, posterior edge nearly straight in dorsal view, process elevated and triangular in lateral view, with two small sclerotized teeth projecting into small membranous patch. Tergum X subdivided by widely rounded anteromedial indentation. Sternum I entire and unmodified; sternum II with anterior sclerites not fused with posterior sclerite, lateral sclerites lacking; sterna III–VIII with anterior and lateral sclerites, all fused with posterior sclerite (Fig. 11C). Sternum IX fused with tergum IX anterolaterally; subgenital plate divided from other sclerites and subtriangular, with darkly sclerotized lateral margins; vesicle elliptical and medium-sized, covered with numerous long hairs, posteriorly reaching ⅓ of subgenital plate. Paraprocts with long and wide apex, fusion plate long and narrow (Fig. 10). Epiproct consists of large basal sclerite fused with small, triangular laterobasal sclerites; main epiproct sclerite 0.6 mm in length, long and narrowly triangular in dorsal view, both ventral and dorsal edge slightly but evenly convex in lateral view. Dorsal division of main epiproct sclerite slightly dilated in apical third, widely opens after NaOH treatment; basal portion darkly sclerotized with raised subtriangular structure in dorsal aspect; basal fork small, fused with laterobasal sclerites; apex pointed but its tip blunt in both lateral and dorsal aspects; sclerite bald besides few apical sensillae; inner sclerite long but thin and indistinct (Figs 10, 12D–E).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China: Sichuan Province. Presently only known from Huanglong Scenic Spot.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new species is closely related to C. s. lat. manii, but can be separated by the tip of the main epiproct sclerite, which is more pointed in the latter. Furthermore, C. s. lat. manii has a vestigial ventral vesicle, in contrast to the normally developed vesicle found in the new species. The main epiproct sclerite of C. s. lat. huanglong Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. is also different from that of other Chinese species within the C. s. lat. cordata species group: in C. s. lat. yunnana, the main epiproct sclerite has a swollen apex; in C. s. lat. qilianshana, the main epiproct sclerite has a rounded tip and its subapical area is slightly swollen; in C. s. lat. oblata, the main epiproct sclerite has a flattened apex; in C. s. lat. xiei, the main epiproct sclerite is high and has a basal bilamellar structure, while these characteristics are absent in C. s. lat. huanglong.</p><p>Molecular analysis</p><p>To characterize in detail the species limits within the C. cordata species group, we consider morphological characters and mitochondrial marker Cox 1, under a phylogenetic analysis. The aligned data matrix was 651 base pairs (bp) in length. The best fit substitution model TNe+I: CO1_p1, F81+F: CO1_p2, TN+F+G4: CO1_p3 was selected for this concatenated data matrix. The Maximum Likelihood tree supported the morphological distinction of C. s. lat. bispina Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. and the separation from the other species of the C. cordata species group with 100% nodal support (Fig. 14). Interspecific divergence values for C. s. lat. bispina ranged from 5.03–19.44% of genetic divergence in comparison with the other species whereas intraspecific between an associated male-female pair was only 0.31% (Table 3). Combined, this is good evidence for the validity of C. s. lat. bispina (Hebert et al. 2003; Zhou et al. 2009). Meanwhile, from the analyses we demonstrated that C. s. lat. bispina is a member of the C. cordata species group. Unfortunately, the specimen of C. s. lat. huanglong Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. was 14 years old, and failed to be sequenced successfully.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287D3FFB8331EFDCD16D024604207	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Zhishan;Cao, Jinjun;Yang, Ding;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Cao, Zhishan, Cao, Jinjun, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Integrative taxonomy of the Capnia cordata species group (Plecoptera: Capniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1012: 81-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3027, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3027/13591
03C287D3FFA0331BFF481309221D41A6.text	03C287D3FFA0331BFF481309221D41A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnia Pictet 1841	<div><p>Key to adult males of the Capnia s. lat. cordata group</p><p>Males of C. ansobiensis Zhiltzova, 1974, C. montivaga Kimmins, 1946, and C. shugnanica Zhiltzova, 1974 unknown.</p><p>1. Tergum IX with distinctly raised or elongated process .................................................................... 2</p><p>– Tergum IX with small process, raised not higher than one third of tergum height in lateral view and not overhanging the segment ............................................................................................................ 4</p><p>2. Main epiproct sclerite medially swollen in lateral view; tergum IX with process raised higher than one third of tergum height in lateral view (Zhiltzova 1974: figs 7, 10) .............................................. ........................................................................ C. s. lat. badakhshanica Zhiltzova, 1974 (Tajikistan)</p><p>– Main epiproct sclerite not swollen in lateral view; tergum IX with process not much raised but elongated and overhanging the segment ........................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Tergum IX with wide and bilobed process; main epiproct sclerite wavy in lateral view (Chen &amp; Song 2019: fig. 5) ................................................. C. s. lat. bilobata Chen &amp; Song, 2019 (China: Shaanxi)</p><p>– Tergum IX with narrow and spined process; main epiproct sclerite straight in lateral view (Fig. 4A, 4C) ................................................................... C. s. lat. bispina Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. (China: Qinghai)</p><p>4. Main epiproct sclerite with hooked, ventrally curved apex in lateral view ...................................... 5</p><p>– Apex of main epiproct sclerite not curved ventrally ........................................................................ 7</p><p>5. Apex of main epiproct sclerite blunt (Zhiltzova 1969: fig. 5) ............................................................ ....................................... C. s. lat. prolongata Zhiltzova, 1969 (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan)</p><p>– Apex of main epiproct sclerite acute ................................................................................................ 6</p><p>6. Ventral vesicle vestigial; main epiproct sclerite slender in lateral, wider in dorsal view (Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980: fig. 5a–c) ......................................................................................................................... C. s. lat. montana Kimmins, 1946 (India: Sikkim; Nepal. Syn.: C. s. lat. swanii Jewett, 1975)</p><p>– Ventral vesicle present; main epiproct sclerite wider in lateral, slender in dorsal view (Kimmins 1947: fig. 9a–d) .................................................. C. s. lat. cordata Kimmins, 1946 (China: Xizang; Nepal)</p><p>7. Ventral edge of main epiproct sclerite straight in medial section ..................................................... 8</p><p>– Ventral edge of main epiproct sclerite convex in medial section ....................................................11</p><p>8. Main epiproct sclerite highest in medial portion in lateral view ...................................................... 9</p><p>– Main epiproct sclerite highest in apical third, just before apex ...................................................... 10</p><p>9. Apex of main epiproct sclerite evenly truncate (Kimmins 1947: fig. 10a) ......................................... ............................................................................. C. s. lat. tibetana Kimmins, 1946 (China: Xizang)</p><p>– Apex of main epiproct sclerite pointed in lateral, slightly flattened in dorsal view (Chen &amp; Du 2017a: figs 7–8) ............................................................. C. s. lat. oblata Chen &amp; Du, 2017 (China: Yunnan)</p><p>10. Apex of main epiproct sclerite pointed; ventral vesicle can be vestigial (Jewett, 1975: fig. 2) ......... ................... C. s. lat. triangulipennis Jewett, 1975 (Nepal. Syn.: C. s. lat. nepalensis Harper, 1977)</p><p>– Apex of main epiproct sclerite slightly swollen; ventral vesicle present (in Chen &amp; Du 2017a: figs 15–18) ............................................................. C. s. lat. xiei Chen &amp; Du, 2017 (China: Qinghai)</p><p>11. Main epiproct sclerite evenly wide before the apex in dorsal view; tergum IX only with hump (Kimmins 1947: fig. 8b, d) ................................ C. s. lat. hingstoni Kimmins, 1946 (India: Sikkim)</p><p>– Main epiproct sclerite narrowing towards apical third in dorsal view; tergum IX with sclerotized process ............................................................................................................................................ 12</p><p>12. Apex of main epiproct sclerite swollen (Li &amp; Yang 2011: fig. 7) ....................................................... ............................................................ C. s. lat. yunnana Li &amp; Yang, 2011 (China: Xizang, Yunnan)</p><p>– Apex of main epiproct sclerite not swollen .................................................................................... 13</p><p>13. Main epiproct sclerite with apical third elliptical to rounded in dorsal view (Li &amp; Yang 2009: fig. 5) ............................................. C. s. lat. qilianshana Li &amp; Yang, 2009 (China: Gansu, Qinghai)</p><p>– Main epiproct sclerite with apical third triangular in dorsal view .................................................. 14</p><p>14. Tip of main epiproct sclerite less pointed in lateral view; ventral vesicle present (Fig. 10) .............. .................................................................... C. s. lat. huanglong Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. (China: Sichuan)</p><p>– Tip of the main epiproct sclerite more pointed in lateral view; ventral vesicle vestigial (Jewett, 1958: fig. 2, 2a) ...................................... C. s. lat. manii Jewett, 1958 (India: Himachal Pradesh; Pakistan)</p><p>Key to adult females of the Capnia s. lat. cordata group</p><p>Females of C. s. lat. huanglong Cao &amp; Li sp. nov. and the two unnamed females sensu Li &amp; Yang (2009) and Shen et al. (2021) unknown.</p><p>1. Sternum IX with separated, triangular medial sclerite (Shen et al. 2021: fig. 11) .............................. ........................................................................ Capnia s. lat. sensu Shen et al. 2021 (China: Xizang)</p><p>– Sternum IX without separated medial sclerite .................................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Subgenital plate with contrasting dark medial longitudinal area and white lateral portions ............ 3</p><p>– Subgenital plate not contrastingly bicolored, or medial area not longitudinal dark patch ............... 6</p><p>3. Subgenital plate medial area with four, posteriorly converging ridges (Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 3) ........ .............................................................................. C. s. lat. ansobiensis Zhiltzova, 1974 (Tajikistan)</p><p>– Subgenital plate medial area lacks ridges ......................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Subgenital plate medial dark area widened in central portion (Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 12) .................... ............................................................................................ C. s. lat. badakhshanica Zhiltzova, 1974</p><p>– Subgenital plate medial dark area with nearly parallell lateral margins ........................................... 5</p><p>5. Subgenital plate dark medial area posteriorly bilobed (Zhiltzova 1974: fig. 17) ................................ .............................................................................. C. s. lat. shugnanica Zhiltzova, 1974 (Tajikistan)</p><p>– Subgenital plate dark medial area posteriorly rounded (Li &amp; Yang 2009 fig. 8) ................................ ....................................................................... Capnia s. lat. sensu Li &amp; Yang 2009 (China: Sichuan)</p><p>6. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate wider than one third of width of the plate ................................... 7</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate maximum as wide as third of width of plate ..............................11</p><p>7. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate rounded ....................................................................................... 8</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate weakly trilobed ........................................................................... 9</p><p>8. Subgenital plate with anteromedial membranous portion (Chen &amp; Du 2017a: fig. 12) ...................... ......................................................................................................... C. s. lat. oblata Chen &amp; Du 2017</p><p>– Subgenital plate evenly sclerotized (Kimmins 1947: fig. 8f; Chen &amp; Du 2017a: fig. 20) .................. ................................................... C. s. lat. hingstoni Kimmins, 1947, C. s. lat. xiei Chen &amp; Du 2017</p><p>9. Posterior portion of the subgenital plate folded over posterior lobe; posterior lobe expanded laterad in sharp projections (Chen &amp; Song 2019: fig. 9) ..................... C. s. lat. bilobata Chen &amp; Song 2019</p><p>– Subgenital plate not folded over posterior lobe; posterior lobe not or only slightly expanded laterad ............................................................................................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Central portion of posterior lobe quadrangular, lateral portions not expanded laterad (Zhiltzova 1969: 600, fig. 11) ................................................................................ C. s. lat. prolongate Zhiltzova, 1969</p><p>– Central portion of posterior lobe rounded, lateral portions slightly expanded laterad (Kimmins 1947: 736, fig. 11) ................................................................................... C. s. lat. montana Kimmins, 1947</p><p>11. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate bilobed (Jewett 1975: fig. 1b) ....................................................... ................................................................................................. C. s. lat. triangulipennis Jewett, 1975</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate not lobed but quadrangular or rounded ..................................... 12</p><p>12. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate not expanded laterad, rounded or quadrangular ........................ 13</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad ....................................................................... 15</p><p>13. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate much wider than long, quadrangular (Zwick &amp; Sivec 1980: fig. 6c) ............................................................................................. C. s. lat. cordata Kimmins, 1947</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate about as wide as long, rounded ................................................. 14</p><p>14. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate widely separated from lateral sclerites (Kimmins 1947: fig. 10d) .......................................................................................... C. s. lat. tibetana Kimmins, 1947</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate set close to lateral sclerites (Jewett 1958: fig. 2b) ......................... ................................................................................................................ C. s. lat. manii Jewett, 1958</p><p>15. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad with rounded portions (Kimmins 1946: fig. 11b) ............................................... C. s. lat. montivaga Kimmins, 1946 (China: Xizang; Nepal)</p><p>– Posterior lobe of subgenital plate expanded laterad with sharp, triangular portions ...................... 16</p><p>16. Subgenital plate evenly sclerotized ............................................. C. s. lat. bispina Cao &amp; Li sp. nov.</p><p>– Subgenital plate with lightly sclerotized lateral portions ............................................................... 17</p><p>17. Posterior lobe of subgenital plate wider than long, posterior edge nearly straight (Rehman et al. 2022: fig. 11b) ............................................................................... C. s. lat. qilianshana Li and Yang, 2009</p><p>– Posterior lobe of the subgenital plate about as wide as long, posterior edge sinuous (Li et al. 2011: fig. 4) ............................................................................................C. s. lat. yunnana Li &amp; Yang, 2011</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287D3FFA0331BFF481309221D41A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Zhishan;Cao, Jinjun;Yang, Ding;Li, Weihai;Murányi, Dávid	Cao, Zhishan, Cao, Jinjun, Yang, Ding, Li, Weihai, Murányi, Dávid (2025): Integrative taxonomy of the Capnia cordata species group (Plecoptera: Capniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1012: 81-105, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1012.3027, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3027/13591
