taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	description	Synonymy. Parartemia sp f, Timms, 2004, p 24, Fig. 30; Timms, 2009 c, pp 215 – 225.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Gawler Ranges, 32 km N of Yardea Homestead, “ Little Lake ” (32 o 05 ’ 40 ” E, 135 o 32 ’ 33 ’’ E), 16 November 1990, P. Hudson, SAM C 6787; Allotype. Female (ovigerous), same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6789; Paratypes. Two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6788; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 40315. Other material. SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Eyre Peninsula, Lake Gilles, (33 o 02 ’ 07 ” S, 136 o 36 ’ 00 ” E), 16 September 1990, P. Hudson, SAM C 6792; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Eyre Peninsula, approx 42 km W of Whyalla, small salt lake near Sinclair Gap, (33 o 08 ’ 19 ” E, 137 o 04 ’ 14 ” E), P. Hudson, SAM 6790; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Eyre Peninsula, approx 42 km W of Whyalla, another small salt lake near Sinclair Gap, (33 o 07 ’ 30 ” S, 137 o 03 ’ 38 ” E), 29 July 1990, P. Hudson, SAM 6791; 20 males, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Esperance hinterland, lake on Guest Rd, (33 o 08 ’ S, 121 o 49 ’ E), 5 September 2004, B. V. Timms, WAM 40316; 10 males and 10 females, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Esperance hinterland, lake on Ridley Rd East, (33 o 15 ’ S, 121 o 59 ’ E), 26 January 2007, B. V. Timms, WAM 40317; 5 males and 5 females, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, Esperance hinterland, Truslove Nature Reserve, (33 o 20 ’ S, 121 o 46 ’ E), 8 October 2008, B. V. Timms, WAM 40318.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	description	Description. Male. Length 13 mm (head + thorax 7 mm and abdomen 6 mm). First antenna filiform, about twice as long as eye plus peduncle (Fig. 1 A). Basal antennomeres of second antenna fused proximally at an angle of about 50 degrees from the body axis. Ventral margin with paired linear, ventral processes (VP, Fig. 1 A) clothed with small spines, spaced 1 – 2 times their length. Overall dimensions of these processes about 4 times longer than deep with lateral edge a little shorter than medial edge. Distal margin slightly concave, lateral corner produced and medial corner rounded but only slightly enlarged. Posterior surface of fused proximal antennomeres with a small conical mound (CM, Fig 1 B) slightly medial of the lateral corner of the frontal process. Medial process (MP, Fig 1 A) between ventral processes broad and triangular with a bifurcated apex. Anterior surface of proximal antennomeres with a basal elevated area on each side and terminating in a free, conical anterior process (AP, Figs 1 A, F) subequal in length to the medial process and about three times longer than basal width. Distal antennomere of second antenna curved medially, about 1.5 to 2 times the length of the proximal antennomere. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracic segments with minor lateral lobes, all equal in size and proportions. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, variable in size with first two noticeably reduced in size but not in arrangement of its parts. Fifth thoracopod (Fig. 2) with endite 1 + 2 and 3 evenly curved, the former about three times the size of the latter. Endite 1 anterior seta about as long as adjacent posterior setae (shown enlarged in Fig. 2) and with a double pectin of strong setules on apical half. Endite 2 anterior seta very short, about same length as base of anterior seta 1. Its spine even shorter and both weakly setose apically. Endite 3 anterior seta about four times length of anterior setae 2; both it and its subequal spine weakly setose apically. Endites 1 to 3 with posterior setae long and thin, clothed with numerous short setules and numbering about 50 on endite 1 + 2 and 16 on endite 3. Endites 4 to 6 asymmetrical (i. e. distal edge shorter than proximal edge) and with 2 anterior + 3 posterior setae, 2 + 2 and 1 + 2 respectively. Anterior setae of unequal lengths, but shorter and stouter than posterior setae and with a double pectin of stout setules apically. Posterior setae with sparse setules. Endites clothed basally with small spines generally grouped in 3 – 5 s. Endopodite broadly rounded and bearing about 37 posterior setae, all based with a coronet of numerous (> 10) small spines. The first 7 or 8 of these setae (essentially those on the medial edge of the thoracopod) stouter and with a one-sided pectin on the distal half of setae, whereas the remaining setae thinner and closely feathered with setules. Exopodite elongate oval and bearing about 38 posterior setae similar to most on the endopodite. Epipodite oval shaped and praepipodite elongated oval shaped, both unadorned. Gonopods (Figs 1 C, G) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of tubular free apical part. Basal part with a sharp spine apically and apical tube with a digitiform process subapically (DP, Fig. 1 C). Both processes subequal, unhooked and pointing anteriorly. No specimens with gonopod completely everted, but a partly everted one of a paratype (Fig. 1 D) with complex expansions with medial row of spines. Abdominal segments increasing in length and narrowing posteriorly from 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6 (Fig. 1 E), so that last segment about twice length of first. Cercopods fringed with long setae on lateral and medial edges; length subequal to 6 th abdominal segment. Description. Female. Length 8.5 mm. Head (Figs 3 C, D) with first antenna filiform and a little shorter than the eye plus peduncle. Second antenna flattened, a little longer and wider than the eye plus peduncle and terminating in a markedly narrowed, bevelled acute apex. Naupliar eye prominent midway between the compound eyes. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Posterior thoracic segments (Figs 3 A, B), particularly those of 5 – 10 th segments expanded laterally into simple laminar squarish lobes (L, Figs 3 A, E). Segment 11 expanded separately into a broad blunt triangle and with surface sclerotised and denticulate. Dorsal surface of segment 10 also sclerotised and denticulate. Eleventh segment with two paired small rounded protuberances laterally, one dorsal to the other (P, Figs 3 A, B). Paired brood pouch (Figs 3 A, B) lying laterally to the genital segments. Anterior surface of pouch adpressed against 11 th thoracic segment, wider and with a squarish anteriolateral corner and then narrowing posteriorly. Pouches joined ventrally to a gonopore on a short tubular protrusion and each pouch with a small ventrolateral lobe. In mature ovigerous females, chamber pigmented dorsally and containing numerous smooth-surfaced eggs (at low magnifications). Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with 11 th pair reduced to two stubs, each bearing 3 plumose setae a little shorter than the stub (Fig. 3 G). Tenth thoracopod pair also reduced, with significantly fewer posterior setae and some reduction in size of endopodite and praepipodite (Fig. 3 F). Other thoracopods similar in structure to those of male, but generally with fewer posterior setae. Anterior setae as in 5 th thoracopod, but those of 2 nd and 3 rd endite larger. Abdominal segments papillate, otherwise proportions as in males.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to its habitat of markedly acid waters.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	discussion	Comments. Limited information on this species has been given in a key in Timms (2004) where it was referred to as species f. This publication specifically states “ for nomenclature purposes information given here on the new species of Parartemia do not constitute taxonomic descriptions. Characteristics given in the key are no more than a guide to the identity of the organisms. ” This species is also referred to as species f in a regional ecology (Timms, 2009 c). Variability. There is little difference in the morphology of P. acidiphila between and within sites in South Australia and Western Australia. The medial process can be tightly fitted between the ventral processes or well spaced with the divided apex being well expressed (Fig. 1 F) or just visible. The lateral lobe on the ventral transverse process is variously developed and its spination varies from almost smooth to dense. Many populations, but not all, in Western Australia have weakly lyrate second antennal distal antennomeres (Fig. 1 F). The female 11 th thoracic segment has variable surface structure so that the two raised areas on each side vary in size from indistinct to distinct mounds. It seems this character may be dependent on age, as its weak development was seen in younger females. Generally adult males are 11 – 14 mm in length and adult females 7 – 9 mm. Some specimens (e. g. those from Truslove Nature Reserve) are much larger than the type specimens, measuring 20 mm in males and 11 mm in females. Differential diagnosis. The most distinctive male feature is the second antennal medial process which is triangular and with a bifurcated apex; a unique morphology in Parartemia. It shares with only a few species, including P. triquestra n. sp. (see later), a small conical mound beneath the lateral edge of the ventral processes. The female thoracic segments lack dorsal and dorsolateral projections (cf. P. s e r v e n t y i, P.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. “ Little Lake ” is a small (<1 ha) salt lake that fills episodically.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFBD81477BDA3AECFE259A5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. Parartemia acidiphila lives in a few lakes on Eyre Peninsula and in the Gawler Ranges, South Australia (Fig. 4). It is more common in lakes in the Esperance hinterland of Western Australia (Timms, 2009 c). This is the second species shared between southern Western Australia and southern South Australia, the other being P. cylindrifera which is more widely spread in South Australia than this species. Parartemia acidiphila lives in acid saline lakes. In South Australia it has been recorded over a pH range of 3 – 4 (3 records) (P. Hudson, unpublished data), and in the Esperance hinterland in Western Australia from pH 3.4 to 7.4 (42 records) (Timms, 2009 c). Field salinity range is 68 – 217 g / l in South Australia and 35 – 210 g / l in Western Australia.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Great Victoria Desert, Wyola Lake, (29 o 09 ’ 00 ” S, 130 o 14 ’ 30 ” E), 15 December 1994, P. Hudson, SAM C 6794; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6797; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6795, C 6796.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	description	Description. Male. Length 11.5 mm (head and thorax 5 mm and abdomen 6.5 mm). Head (Fig. 5 A) with first antenna filiform a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Basal antennomeres of second antenna fused proximally at an angle of about 50 degrees from body axis. Ventral margin with paired linear, ventral processes (VP, Fig 5 A) clothed irregularly with small spines and tubercles mainly at lateral and medial corners. Overall dimensions about 3 times longer than deep with lateral edge about one third the length of medial edge. Lateral corner rounded and medial corner prominent and bluntly triangular. Area between ventral processes concave without any medial projection or doming. Frontal surface of basal antennomeres with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in small triangular frontal processes (FP, Fig 5 A). These frontal processes subequal in length to depth of ventral processes and length subequal to basal width. Second antennal distal antennomere curved, a little longer than basal segment and terminating in a small spine-like appendix. Labrum lacking a spine. Each side of thorax with a near symmetrical lateral lobe on each segment and small lateral lobe on first genital segment (L, Fig. 5 B). Eleven pairs of thoracopods with first two and last three noticeably reduced. Fifth thoracopod structure as in P. acidiphila, though numbers of posterior setae slightly different (see above). Gonopods (Fig. 5 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of tubular free apical parts. Basal part with a broad triangular process (DP, Fig. 5 C) apically and apical tube with a finger-like process subapically. Neither process hooked. Abdominal segments increasing in length and narrowing 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that 6 th segment about twice the length of first. Telson about half the length of first abdominal segment and bearing fringed cercopods subequal in length to fifth abdominal segment. Description. Female. Length 8.5 mm. Head (Fig. 5 D) with first antenna filiform and about half the length of the eye plus peduncle. Second antenna flattened and about twice the length of eye plus peduncle and terminating in a markedly narrowed, acute apex on the posterior side. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax with 10 pairs of thoracopods, similar in structure to those of male. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 5 G) reduced: endites with few posterior setae, endopodite and exopod with about 12 and 20 such setae respectively, and epipodite smaller than both exopod and praepipodite. Posterior thoracic segments, particularly those of 7 th to 10 th segments, expanded laterally (Fig. 5 E). Eight and ninth segments with tuberculate lateral lobes terminating in hollowed out auriculiform structures, about one-sixth segment width. Segments 5, 6 and especially 7 th with simpler, less prominent lateral extensions. Segment 10 with lateral blunt triangular projection on each side and segment 11 with dorsolateral surface uneven and consisting of two triangular anteriorly pointed mounds (TM, Figs 5 E, F) on each side. Surface of both segments 10 and 11 papillate. Lateral brood pouches (Fig. 5 F) almost spherical in shape but with small lobes ventrally and connected ventrally to a shared gonopore on a short tubular protrusion. Dorsal surface of brood chambers pigmented and each chamber with about 25 spherical smooth-surfaced eggs in mature ovigerous females. Abdominal segments largely as in male, but with the telson proportionally larger and all segments papillate.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name reflects the auriculiform lateral lobes of the female. Variability. Adult male lengths vary from 10.5 to 12 mm and adult femal from 7.9 to 8.7 mm. The ventromedial surface of the male fused basal antennomeres is concave in most specimens, but is convex in some and rarely there is a small central knob. The antennal distal antennomere apex is occasionally not appendix like, but simply narrowing to a sharp point. In juvenile females the ear-like structures of the 8 th and 9 th lobes are undeveloped. The lobe on the 10 th thoracic segment may be more rounded and symmetrical than asymmetrical and triangular.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	description	Differential diagnosis. Parartemia auriciforma males are most similar to those of P. longicaudata, while the females have no close morphological similarities to other species. Like P. longicaudata, P. auriciforma has a wide space between the ventral processes without any medial process of any kind as in most other species of Parartemia. In P. longicaudata this space is convex, but in P. auriciforma it is usually concave. In both species the ventral processes are similarly shaped, but in P. longicaudata they are about twice as long as deep FIGURE 5. Parartemia auriciforma n. sp. Male A-C, Holotype; Female D-G, Allotype; both Wyola Lake, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, FP = frontal processes); B dorsal view of thorax segments 1 - 11, genital segments 1 and 2 and first abdominal segment (L = lobes); C, gonopods and genital segments (DP = digitiform process); D, lateral view of head; E, dorsal view of thoracic segments 5 - 11, genital segments, brood pouches and first abdominal segment (TM = triangular mounds); F, lateral view of brood pouch region and adjacent thorax; G, 10 th thoracopod with anterior setae. Scale bars 1 mm. compared to three times in P. auriciforma. The frontal processes also tend to be more prominent in P. longicaudata where in most specimens they are twice as wide as deep, compared to equal width and depth in P. auriciforma. Most P. a u r i c i f o r m a have a spine-like appendix at the apex of the second antennal antennomere, which is absent in P. longicaudata. Both the first antenna and cercopods are proportionally longer in P. longicaudata than in P. auriciforma and overall P. longicaudata tends to be a larger species usually 20 – 30 mm in length while P. auriciforma is a smaller species, 10 – 12 mm in length. Thoracic lateral lobes are unusual in males of Parartemia, and those of P. auriciforma are similar to those of P. triquetra n. sp. Besides differences between these two in lobe symmetry, there are many other differences in the distal antennal antennomere, ventral processes and frontal processes, as discussed later. For female P. a u r i c i f o r m a the distinctive features are the lateral auriculiform lobes on many posterior thoracic segments, the twin spherical brood pouches, and to a lesser extent the triangular lateral lobe on segment 10. Its head and abdominal structures are not at all distinctive, and the lack of thoracopods on segment 11 is shared with a few other species (e. g. P. informis, P. serventyi). Also shared with a few other species is the lack of swellings on posterior thoracic segments (i. e. 8 – 11) (e. g. P. zietziana, P. minuta) and lack of narrow sclerotised ridges on these later thoracic segments (e. g. P. cylindrifera). A few species have lateral lobes on posterior segments (e. g. P. informis, P. longicaudata) but not like in P. auriciforma, which is the only species with auriculiform lateral lobes. P. auriciforma shares with P. triquetra n. sp. (see later) in having two separate, almost spherical, brood pouches, though they are connected ventrally. In other species there is either one chamber (e. g. P. cylindrifera, P. minuta) or two joined dorsally and usually extended posteriorly (e. g. P. zietziana, P. longicaudata, P. extracta, P. serventyi Linder, 1941). As in many species of Parartemia, the eggs are not distinctive microscopically.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Wyola Lake is an unstudied episodic saline lake, difficult of access in the remote Great Victoria Desert. Specimens used in this study were reared from sediment collected from the lake.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB8814A7BDA3D82FC119833.taxon	distribution	Distribution. P. a u r i c i f o r m a is known only from its type locality in the Great Victoria Desert (Fig. 4). It is not known how widespread it is, as lakes in the immediate vicinity have not been sampled, but some further away have different species ― the Serpentine lakes 140 km to the northwest have P. triquetra n. sp. and the Yarle lakes, 172 km to the southeast support P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Great Victoria Desert, Serpentine Lakes, a small salt lake 3 km from SA / WA border, (28 o 30 ’ 11 ” S, 129 o 01 ’ 57 ” E), 30 July 2006, J. A. Forrest, SAM C 6764; Allotype. Female (ovigerous), same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6765; Paratypes. Two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6766; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 40319. Other material. Eleven males, two females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Great Victoria Desert, Serpentine Lakes, a small salt lake 3 km from SA / WA border, (28 o 30 ’ 11 ” S, 129 o 01 ’ 57 ” E), 30 July 2006, J. A. Forrest, SAM C 6767, C 6768.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	description	Description. Male. Length 19.5 mm (head plus thorax 8 mm, abdomen 11.5 mm). Head (Fig. 6 A) with first antenna filiform, subequal in length to eye plus peduncle. Basal antennomere of second antenna fused proximally near right angles to body axis. Frontal edge of fused basal antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig. 6 A) with a granular surface (GS, Fig. 6 B) and edged with numerous small denticles. Ventral processes deeply concave between rounded lateral corners and large anteriorly aligned triangular medial corner with a bulge about midway on its medial edge. Lateral edge of ventral process about a quarter the depth of medial edge, and depth at maximum concavity about one-sixth depth of medial edge. A small conical mound surfaced with small denticles lies posterioventral to ventral process lateral edge (CM, Fig. 6 B). Medial surface between ventral processes slightly domed (i. e. convex) and with a small nipple-like medial process. Anterior surface of fused basal antennomeres with ridges on either side of centreline each terminating in prominent conical anterior process (length 2 times basal width) surfaced with small denticles (AP, Fig. 6 A). Distal antennomere of second antenna a little longer than basal antennomere, approximately cylindrical and tapering to a sharp apex. Surface granular (GS, Fig. 6 B). This antennomere with a swelling at about two-thirds along its length affecting curvature of whole antennomere, so the inner surface with a very flat sigmoidal curvature. Labrum without a spine. Thorax, particularly segments 7 to 11, with asymmetrical lateral lobes (L, Fig. 6 B). First genital segment expanded a little, but even so a major difference between widths of last thoracic and first genital segments. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, first, second and eleventh not as large as the others. Fifth thoracopod similar to the standard Parartemia type as described here for P. acidiphila, but with many fewer (c. 25) posterior setae on endopodite. Gonopods (Fig. 6 C) paired, basal parts fused together and not much thicker than distal apical tube in lateral view, but wider by at least two times ventrally. Basal part with a broadly based triangular protrusion apically (DP, Fig. 6 C) and apical tube with a small unhooked digitiform process subapically. No specimens with gonopod extended or everted. Abdominal segments increasing in length and narrowing 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so 6 th segment about twice the length of first. Cercopods fringed with long setae medially and laterally and length subequal to 5 th abdominal segment. Description. Female. Length 15 mm. Head (Fig. 6 D) with first antenna filiform about two-thirds the length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna a little longer than eye plus peduncle, flattened and terminating in an evenly narrowing and almost symmetrical apex. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Posterior thoracic segments (Figs 6 F, G) with lateral lobes on 5 th to 11 th segments, symmetrical on segments 5 to 8, asymmetrically bulging on segment 9, and all fused laterally. Segments 10 and 11 with smaller free triangular lobes. Segment 10 with a small swelling dorsolaterally and segment 11 with a similar swelling laterally (S, Figs 6 F, G). Segments 8 to 11 denticulate dorsally, also lobes of segments 5 to 7 (Fig. 6 F). Brood pouches oval, separated dorsally and joined ventrally to an oviduct subequal in length to depth of brood pouch and containing many smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with 11 pairs of thoracopods, the 11 th represented by small triangular stumps without setae. Thoracopods similar in structure to those of male, except the reduced tenth pair. Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 6 H) with standard number and relative size of the anterior setae and first 6 posterior setae of endopodite. However posterior setae reduced in number, with 10 on endites 1 + 2, 2 on endite 3, none of endites 4 to 6, 14 altogether on endopodite, and about 20 on the exopod. Both exopodite and praepipodite reduced, and epipodite absent. Surface of abdominal segments papillate, otherwise proportions as in male.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is from the latin ‘ triquetrus’ meaning triangular. This refers to the triangular medial corner of the transverse process of the male, which is unusual shape among Parartemia species, the only other known species with a similar, but smaller structure is P. contracta Linder, 1941. Variability. Male length varies from 18 to 22 mm and female length from 11 to 15 mm in the only collection available for study. All males in the collection have a mesial swelling on the distal segment of the second antenna and hence a distinctive curvature of the claspers.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	description	Differential diagnosis. The male is distinctive among Parartemia in having the second antennomere of second antenna (the claspers) with a mesial swelling beyond half its length, and the inner corner of the frontal processes being prominent and triangular. The lateral swellings on posterior thoracic segments is shared by only a few species (e. g. P. cylindrifera in which they are large, and P. auriciforma n sp. and P. yarleensis n. sp. in which they are small). The anterior processes are more robust than in most species of Parartemia, except in an undescribed species in Lake Carey, WA, (known as Parartemia sp x, Timms et al, 2007 and B. Timms, unpublished data). Females, like those of P. acidiphila, also lack dorsal and dorsolateral swellings on thoracic segments 8 and 9 (e. g. P. serventyi, P. longicaudata and many of the undescribed species of Parartemia in WA (Timms, 2004 )) and there are no segments with narrow sclerotised ridges (e. g. P. zietziana). Several other species of Parartemia (P. cylindrifera, P. serventyi, P. informis, P. m i n u t a P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. yarleensis n. sp.) lack an 11 th pair of thoracopods. Dorsally, thoracic segments are like those in P. acidiphila FIGURE 6. Parartemia triquetra n. sp. Male A-D, Holotype; Female, E-H, Allotype; both Serpentine Lakes, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes; AP = anterior processes); B, posterior view of one side of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) and granulation of ventral process and distal antennomere; C, dorsal view of thoracic segments 7 - 11, the genital segments, and first abdominal segment (L = lobes); D, gonopods with genital segments and subapical spine and digitiform processes (DP); E, anterior view of head; F, dorsal view of thoracic segments 5 - 11, genital segments, brood pouches and first abdominal segment (S = swellings); G, lateral view of brood pouch region and adjacent thorax (L = lobes; S = swellings); H, 10 th thoracopod with anterior setae. Scale bars 1 mm. but both 10 th and 11 th segments have free lobes and that on segment 9 is asymmetrical, whereas in P. acidiphila only the 11 th segment has a free lobe and the 9 th lobe is square. Moreover the last four thoracic segments have denticulate surface, whereas in P. acidiphila only the last two segments are so structured. Like three of the new species of Parartemia described here (P. acidiphila n. sp., P. auriciforma n. sp., and P. yarleensis n. sp.) brood chambers are round to oval and without significant posterior lobes.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. A small lake in the Serpentine Lakes system on the SA / WA border in the Great Victoria Desert. Other than being episodic and saline, nothing is known of it.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB5814D7BDA3F9FFDC79DF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from type locality (Fig. 4). It is not even known whether it lives in other parts of the of the Serpentine Lakes system.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lake system, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ” S, 131 o 31 ’ 00 ” E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6779; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM 6782; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6781. Other material. About 20 males and five females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lakes, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ” S, 131 o 31 ’ 00 ” E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6782; many males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Labyrinth, (30 ° 41 ’ 30 ” S, 135 ° 11 ’ 55 ” E), (approx 27 km NW Kingoonya), 12 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6783; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, “ Carters Well Lake ”, (30 ° 51 ’ 01 ” S, 134 ° 58 ’ 35 ” E), (approx 42 km ESE of Tarcoola), 13 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6808; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Harris, (31 o 08 ’ 51 ” S, 135 o 18 ’ 30 ” E), (approx 20 km S Kingoonya), 19 March 2003, P. Hudson and G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6786; many juveniles; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Ironstone Lagoon, (31 ° 42 ’ S, 137 ° 13 ’ 30 ’’ E), (approx 65 km SE of Woomera), 1 February, 2007, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6784; many juvenile males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Gilles, (33 ° 01 ’ 25 ” S, 136 ° 36 ’ 07 ” E), (approx 20 km NE of Kimba), 6 August 2005, P. Hudson, SAM C 6785.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	description	Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 7.5 mm, abdomen 10.5 mm). Head (Fig. 7 A) with first antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Proximal antennomeres of second antenna fused basially at an angle of about 75 degrees from body axis. Ventral edge of fused antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig 7 A) three times longer than deep and with length of lateral edge about half that of medial edge. Lateral corner of ventral process protruding slightly, frontal edge only slightly concave, medial corner rounded, and all edges with a few denticles. Small conical mound (CM, Fig, 7 B) on ventroposterior surface under lateral corner. Area between ventral processes trapezoid, with a short digitiform medial process (MP, Fig 7 A) less than one quarter of depth of medial edge of transverse process. Anterior surface of fused antennomere with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in anterior processes (AP, Fig 7 A) with a broad base but digitiform apical half. Anterioventral surface of fused antennomere marked in sunken polygons (SP, Fig 7 A). Distal second antenna antennomere subcylindrical, slightly concavely curved and tapering to a sharp apex. Length about 1.6 times proximal antennomere. Labrum without a spine. Thorax gradually widening posteriorly to 11 th segment, mainly by increasingly larger lateral lobes, tending asymmetrical (i. e. maximum width displaced from middle of lobe) segments 7 – 10 (L, Fig. 7 C). Genital segments narrower than 11 th thoracic segment and abdomen continually narrowing so that 6 th segment about 2 / 3 rds width of first segment. Thoracopods (Fig 7 E) of the Parartemia type as described for P. acidiphila n. sp., except for fewer posterior setae on endites 1 + 2, 3, endopodite and exopodite (c. 45, 11, 26 and 35 respectively). Posterior setae on medial edge of endopodite more numerous than usual (11 cf c. 7), particularly strong, curved apically and with a short pecten apically (EPS, Fig 7 E). Paired gonopods with a spines subapically and a short digitiform processes (DP, Fig. 7 D) on the shoulder of wider basal part, neither hooked. No type specimens with gonopods everted. Abdominal segments serially decreasing in diameter and increasing in length posteriorly. Sixth segment about twice as long as first segment. Cercopods subequal in length to sixth abdominal segment and with setae medially and laterally. Description. Female. Length 11.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7 F) with first antenna filiform, about length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna about twice length of eye plus peduncle, flattened and with its widest area about two-thirds its length towards the apex, followed by a marked narrowing to an acute apex on the posterior side. Apex curved like the recurved labrum spine. Thoracic segments (Fig. 7 G) expanded laterally by distinct lobes, increasing in size and degree of asymmetry (i. e. displacement of widest point from centre of lobe) serially segments 5 to 9. Segment 10 with very different lateral lobes, expanded anteriorly, free in allotype and dorsal to lobe of 9 th segment. Segment 11 with a narrow triangular lateral lobe. In lateral profile (Fig. 7 H), segments 9 to 11 not raised dorsally as much as anterior segments. Segment 8 swollen dorsally. Paired brood pouches separate, oval, unlobed but joined ventrally to a gonoduct shorter than the depth of the brood pouch. Each pouch with numerous spherical smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with only 10 pairs of thoracopods and 10 th thoracopod reduced to about half size of other thoracopods. Anterior setae of 10 th thoracopod typical, but few posterior setae on all parts and lacking an epipodite but with reduced praepipodite (Fig. 7 I). Fifth thoracopod as in male. Abdomen as in male, but surface denticulate.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Variability. Though this species is known from a few sites, many of these had only juvenile males, so variation between sites is hardly studied. Within the type locality some males had more bulbous lateral corners to their ventral processes than the holotype. Among females, the second antennal apex is not always curved and the lateral lobe of the 10 th thoracic segment varied within and between sites, with it being attached to the lobe of the 9 th segment, often in younger females.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	description	Differential diagnosis. Male P. yarleensis has a head (specifically a medial process and ventral processes) broadly similar to those of P. informis, P. serventyi and P. contracta, but unlike those species, has distinct thoracic lobes. These lobes are not as large as in P. cylindrifera and in Parartem ia sp. g (as illustrated in Timms 2004), but broadly similar to those of P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp. While the latter two species occur in the same general area as P. yarleensis n. sp., they are easily distinguished as neither have the medial process between the ventral processes as in P. yarleensis n. sp. Female P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp. also share many features with local species P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp., such as thoracic lateral lobes, round to oval brood chambers and greatly reduced or absent 11 th thoracopods. However, P. yarleensis is distinctive by reason of superficial dorsal swelling on the 8 th segment (somewhat like that in P. serventyi), and the bulbous lateral lobes of segment 10. It cannot be confused with P. serventyi as this species has posterior lobes on its brood pouches, no thoracic lateral lobes, and paired dorsolateral swellings on segment 9.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Yarle Lakes is a series of lakes south of Maralinga that fill episodically and are ‘ very saline’ according to collecting data. There is some doubt over which one of the lakes was sampled, but examination of the field notes of J. Glover’s participants of the field trip, the probable collection site of Choolalie Lake was established on the basis of sketch map of the area. FIGURE 7. Parartemia yarleensis n. sp. Male A-E, Holotype; Female, F-I Allotype; both from Yarle Lakes, most likely Lake Choolalie, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, AP = anterior processes, MP = medial process, SP = sunken polygons); B, posterior view of one side of basal antennomere of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) behind the ventral process; C, dorsal view of body from head to cercopods showing segmental lobes (L); D, gonopods with genital segments showing digitform processes (DP); E, Fifth thoracopod with pectin bearing endopod posterior setae labelled (EPS); F, Lateral view of head; G, dorsal view of thoracic segments 4 - 11, genital segments, brood pouches and first two abdominal segments; H, lateral view of posterior thorax and adjacent brood pouch; I, 10 th thoracopod. Scale bars 1 mm.	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
03C38793FFB281507BDA395DFDFF9A1E.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. P. yarleensis n. sp. is known from a broad arc of lakes extending from Woomera to Maralinga in the northwest of South Australia (Fig. 4). The collection from Ironstone Lagoon also contains P. m i n u t a, a species smaller than P. y a r l e e n s i s (P. m i n u t a males mean 8.7 mm, 10 specimens, females mean 5.2 mm, 10 specimens). Such a congeneric occurrence is rare in Parartemia (A. Savage, pers. comm.; B. Timms, unpublished data) possibly because most species of Parartemia do what P. zietziana does and that is they live on resuspended organic matter (Marchant and Williams, 1977), as opposed to algal eating Branchinella, in which congeneric occurrence of different sized species and hence filtering ranges, are common (e. g. Timms & Sanders, 2002).	en	Timms, Brian V, Hudson, Peter (2009): The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina). Zootaxa 2248: 47-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190741
