taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C387C2FFFAFFDDFE9C43FEAFFD34A6.taxon	description	Etmology. Pararrhopalites hennigii is a correction of generic placement and of latinization for the original name Arrhopalites hennigius (Palacios­Vargas & Zeppelini, 1995: 16). Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 1 paratype Ψ, 02 ­ x­ 1994. MEXICO, Guerrero, Tierra Colorada. Papagayo II cave. Zeppelini leg., LESM. Fig. 1, A – K. Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype twice as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with nine subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape long, slender, and acuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai normal. 2 + 2 eyes, no traces of pigments in mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic setae spinelike, chaetotaxy as figure J and table 3. Metatrochanteral organ absent, seta D 2 normal, trochanteral spine present with a membranous wing (Fig. G). All ungues without inner tooth and tunica. All unguiculi with a small corner tooth, apical filament exceeding unguis tip (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with one seta (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve without cuticular spines; anal valve chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage acuminate pointing to anal opening. Biogeographic zone 24 a. Remarks: P. hennigii n. comb. is part of a group of four similar species from Brazil and Mexico originally described as Arrhopalites (A. hennigii, A. wallacei, A. christianseni, and A. papaveroi), the lack of anal valve setae B 2 and C 6, shared by all of four species, units the group. These species present the subanal appendages pointing to anal opening, instead of pointing to genital pore, the metatrochanteral seta D 2 is not modified into a sensory organ located in an elongate, triangular socket, and a trochanteral spine is present. The dental E 1 and L 1 are not spinelike. Those features exclude all these four species from the genus Arrhopalites, as will be discussed later in this work, and place them in the genus Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez, 1944.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFFCFFDEFE9C4061A9D5321E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ, 16 ­ vi­ 1991. BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Iporanga. Morro Preto cave. Trajano leg., LESM. Body setae sparse, short and spinelike in the fore part of the body, as long as unguis and not spinelike at the hind part. Antennae of holotype more than twice as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with eleven subsegments. Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai club­shaped and acuminated, other setae normal. 1 + 1 eyes, pigments absent. Dorsal cephalic A 2, A 3, L 2, and IL series spinelike. Metatrochanteral organ absent. All ungues without inner tooth and tunica. Unguiculi without corner tooth, apical filament in first and second unguiculi not exceeding unguis tip, absent in third. Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae. Mucro narrow, gutter­like one edge slightly serrated and other smooth. Anal valve without cuticular spines; anal valve without wingged or swollen setae, C 6 lacking (Tab. II). Female subanal appendage acuminate pointing to anal opening. Biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: This species is similar to P. hennigii n. comb. and shares with it the subanal appendages pointing to anal opening, instead of pointing to genital pore, the metatrochanteral seta D 2 not modfied into a sensory organ accommodated in an elongate, triangular socket, and the presence of a trochanteral spine. The dental E 1 and L 1 are not spinelike and the anal valve B 2 and C 6 absent. P. w a l l a c e i n. comb. differs from P. hennigii in the number of subsegments of the Ant. IV, number of eyes and chaetotaxy.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFFFFFDFFE9C4793AF09376D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 1 paratype Ψ, 16 ­ vii­ 1994. MEXICO, Yucatan, Tekax. Actun Toh cave. Palacios­Vargas and Zeppelini leg., LESM. 4 paratypes ΨΨ, 26 ­ x­ 1994 and 29 ­ x­ 1994. MEXICO, Yucatan, Tekax, Rancho Sambula cave. Palacios­Vargas and Zeppelini leg., LESM. Fig. 2, A – K. Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype ~ 1.6 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with nine subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai, short, club­shaped and blunt; Ape long, slender, and acuminate; other setae normal. 2 + 2 eyes, no traces of pigments in mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic setae strongly spinelike, chaetotaxy as figure J. Metatrochanteral organ absent, seta D 2 normal, trochanteral spine present with a membranous wing (Fig. G). All ungues with a very small inner tooth, no tunica. First and second unguiculi with apical filament exceeding unguis tip, second and third with a small corner tooth (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve without cuticular spines; anal valve chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage acuminate, wingged apically, pointing to anal opening. Biogeographic zone 24 a. Remarks: P. christianseni n. comb. is similar to P. hennigii n. comb. and P. wallacei n. comb. based in the same basic features as described before. P. christianseni differs from other species in the shape of the female subanal appendages. P. christianseni n. comb. A, fourth antennal segment; B, apical subsegment of fourth antennal segment; C, apical sensory organ of third antennal segment; D, body setae (a, anterior, b, posterior); E, ventral and dorsal chaetotaxy of the dens; F, mucro; G, metatrochanteral organ; H, tenaculum; I, anal valve chaetotaxy; J, posterior cephalic chaetotaxy; K, foot complex (a, first leg, b, second leg, c, third leg).	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFF0FFD1FE9C445BAC4A3566.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 5 paratype ΨΨ, 03 ­ vii­ 1998. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito. Joao de Arruda cave. Zeppelini leg., MZUSP. 1 paratype Ψ, 19 ­ VII­ 1991. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Lago Azul cave. Zeppelini leg., MZUSP. Fig. 3, A – K. Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype 1.8 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with ten subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with enlarged sense rods in separate pits; seta Aai, curved and blunt; Ape and Api long, slender and acuminate, a supplementary Ape is present; other setae normal. 0 + 0 eyes, pigments absent. Dorsal cephalic setae spinelike, chaetotaxy as figure J. Metatrochanteral organ absent, seta D 2 normal, trochanteral spine present with a membranous wing (Fig. G). First unguis without inner tooth, no tunica. First and second unguiculi with apical filament exceeding unguis tip, all unguiculi with a small corner tooth (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, one edge serrated and other almost smooth (Fig. F). Anal valve without cuticular spines; anal valve chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage acuminate, pointing to anal opening. Biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: This species is the fourth of the group and shares with P. hennigii n. comb., P. w a l l a c e i n. comb., and P. christianseni n. comb. the same distinctive features. P. papaveroi n. comb. can be easely differentiated from other species in its group by the absence of eyes, the number of subsegments in Ant. IV and by the apical sensory organ of Ant. III.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFF0FFD5FE9C433BA98732F6.taxon	description	Etmology. Arrhopalites gnaspinii is a correction of latinization for the originally misspelled name Arrhopalites gnaspinius (Palacios­Vargas & Zeppelini, 1995: 8). Material examined: holotype Ψ and 3 paratypes ΨΨ, 17 ­ vi­ 1990. BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Iporanga. Alambari de Baixo cave. Gnaspini­Neto leg. Laboratorio de Ecologia y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Depto. de Biología, Fac. Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico (LESM). + = present in normal condition, S = swollen basally, s = slightly swollen basally, L = lamellate, W weakly lamellate, b = branched or serrated. * modified condition of Christiansen`s 7 e. state exceptional condition. A. V. S. anal valve spines. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 4, A – K). Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype 1.7 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with six ringed subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a hooklike seta and a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III not swollen basally; sense organ as in figure C, with 2 parallel sense rods in a single shallow pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; Api slender and acuminate; Ape short and accuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai normal and elongate setae. 1 + 1 eyes, no traces of pigment in the slide mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic setae spinelike (Fig. J). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) present (Fig. G). Second and third ungues with inner tooth and tunica. First and second unguiculi with apical filament exceeding unguis tip, all unguiculi with inner tooth (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens with 5 ventral rows of setae (3,2,2,1,1) present, dental chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve with 3 + 2 cuticular spines, s 0 present, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened from the second half and apically serrated. head Dental chaetotaxy Species Ant. iv Ant. iii Eyes per Ceph. E 1 E 2 E 3 E 6 E 7 Id 3 L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 ve ve subd. b. s. side spines 1 5 P. christianseni 9 ­ 2 + + + + + + + + + + ­ + + + = present, ­ = absent, + ­ = present or absent, S = strongly spinelike, s = spinelike. b. s. = basal swelling. State exceptional condition. Biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: This species is part of a complex of cave species, distributed mainly at the Southeastern and Southern regions in Brazil, in the border of 27 and 29 regions. Dental setae L 4, Id 1 and Id 3 are missing, and D 1 and D 2 present. In the anal valve there is a third thin spine in the upper flap lateral view, this is an odd spine here named s 0 in the scheme s 2 ­ s 1 ­ s 0 ­ s 1 ­ s 2 in the upper flap, and s 2 ­ s 1 _ s 1 ­ s 2 in the lower flap, the s 0 seems to be synapomorphic to neotropical caecus ­ group. The seta B 2 is stout as usual, and the C series is strongly wingged. The fourth antennal segment is subdivided into six ringed subsegments, rather than five as stated in original description. The species can be separated from other species here by the combination of the features in the key.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFF4FFD5FE9C47B6A9CF3619.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 4 paratypes ΨΨ, 02 ­ v­ 1987. BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Iporanga. Casa de Pedra cave. Gaspini­Neto and Trajano leg., LESM. 4 paratypes ΨΨ, 29 ­ iv­ 1990. BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Iporanga. Casa de Pedra cave. Gaspini­Neto and Trajano leg., Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). Caecus ­ group (Fig. 5, A – K). Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype 1.6 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with four ringed subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai short, club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape short and acuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai as normal elongate setae. 2 + 2 eyes, no traces of pigments in mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic setae spinelike, chaetotaxy as figure J and table 3. Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) present (Fig. G). All ungues with an inner tooth and tunica. Second and third unguiculi with corner tooth, apical filament exceeding unguis tip in all inguiculi (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve with 3 + 2 cuticular spines, s 0 present; chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened and apically serrated. Biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: This species is related to A. gnaspinii, and occurs in the same cave system but is found only in a single cave, it strinkingly differs from the closely related species in the group, by possessing two pairs of eyes and four ringed subsegments in Ant. IV (instead of six, as stated in original description). Id 1, Id 2 and Id 4 present on dens, L 4 absent.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFF6FFC8FE9C445BAC6833E6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 2 paratypes ΨΨ, 18 ­ xi­ 1991. BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Eldorado. Tapagem cave. Trajano leg., LESM. 2 paratypes ΨΨ, idem, MZUSP. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 6, A – K). Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype 1.6 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with six ringed subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai curved and blunt; Ape slender and acuminate; other setae normal and elongate. 1 + 1 eyes, no traces of pigments in mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic spines present, chaetotaxy as figure J and table 3. Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) present (Fig. G). First unguis without inner tooth, all ungues without tunica. All unguiculi with corner tooth and apical filament exceeding unguis tip (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve with 3 + 2 cuticular spines, s 0 present, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened and apically serrated. Biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: A. lawrencei is similar to A. gnaspinii and A. amorimi, and putatively share an ancestor that 3 + 2 anal valve cuticular spines. This species presents Id 1, Id 2 and Id 4 on dens.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE9FFC8FE9C46A1A93B377E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype Ψ and 2 paratypes ΨΨ, 7 ­ xii­ 1993. MEXICO, Oaxaca, Acatlan. De la Culebra cave. Sprouse coll. Christiansen leg., LESM. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 7, A – K). Body setae as shown in figure D. Antennae of holotype 1.6 X as long as the cephalic diagonal. Ant. IV with five ringed subsegments (Fig. A), apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai short, club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape short and slender and acuminate with apical bristle; Ae, Ap and Ai normal elongate setae. 1 + 1 eyes, no traces of pigments in mounted specimens. Dorsal cephalic setae spinelike, chaetotaxy as figure J and table 3. Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) present (Fig. G). All ungues with a small inner tooth and tunica. All unguiculi with corner tooth and apical filament exceeding unguis tip (Figs. K, a – c). Corpus tenaculum with two setae (Fig. H). Dens 3,2,2,1,1 ventral setae, chaetotaxy as in figure E and table 3. Mucro narrow, gutterlike, both edges serrate (Fig. F). Anal valve with 3 + 2 cuticular spines, s 0 present, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened and apically serrated. Biogeographic zone 24 a. Remarks: This is the only known species of the caecus ­ group from Mexico. The fourth antennal segment is divided into five ringed subsegments; Id 1, Id 2, Id 4, and E 6 present on dens, L 4 missing. The cuticular spine s 0 is present in the anal vale.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFEBFFCBFE9C4426AF0E352E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the Type locality, Cave Alambari de Cima. Type Material. Holotype femaleΨ, BRAZIL, São Paulo. Iporanga, cave Alambari de Cima, 28 ­ x­ 1990. M. C. Chamani and P. M. Seino (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL, São Paulo: 5 female ΨΨ, same data as Holotype. Description. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 8 A – K). Body sparsely clothed with short setae on anterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­a) and 3.5 X longer setae on posterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­b). Antennae of holotype about 1.2 X length of head. Ant. I: II; III; IV = 1: 2; 4.25; 8.37. Ant. IV 2.14 X longer than Ant. III, undivided and indistinctly ringed (Fig. A); longest setae about twice the width of segment; Ant. IV apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with 2 parallel sense rods in a single shallow pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape setae slender with bristle like apex; Ae, Ap and Ai normal. 1 + 1 eyes. Dorsal cephalic setae A 3, M 5 and L and IL series spinelike, M 4 absent (Fig. J). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) elongate, metathoracic trochanteral seta P 1 short and close to D 1 (Fig. G). All ungues with an inner tooth and clear tunica (figs. K a – c). All unguiculi with corner tooth, first and second with a long apical filament, exceeding apex of unguis (Fig. K a – c), third unguis with a short apical filament. Tenaculum with two setae on anterior unpaired lobe. Dens with 6 dorsal E setae, E 1 – 4 strongly spinelike, E 5 spinelike; L 1 – 3 spinelike, L 4 present; D 1, D 2, Id 2 and Id 4 present, Id 1 and Id 3 absent (Fig. E); 5 ventral setae rows (3,2,2,1,1) present (Fig. E). Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). 3 + 2 cuticular spines on each side of the anal valve, s 0 present; setae C 1 – C 8 lamellate but C 7 slender, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage cylindrical with the apical third flattened with fringed apex. Body length of the adult female holotype 0.46 mm, head 0.31 mm. Distribution: biogeographic zone 27. Remarks: Arrhopalites alambariensis n. sp. is very similar to A. gnaspinii and occur in the same cave system. A. alambariensis can be distinguished by the undivided fourth antennal segment, the presence of a tunica on all ungues and the short P 1 seta on metathoracic trochanter.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFEAFFCDFE9C4373AE2D3576.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of this species refers to its asymmetric pair of eyes. Type Material. Holotype female Ψ, BRAZIL, São Paulo. Ribeirão Grande, Nat. Park Intervales, Colorida cave 23 ­ viii­ 1998. D. F. Zeppelini (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL, São Paulo: 2 female ΨΨ, same data as Holotype. Description. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 9 A – K). Body sparsely clothed with short setae on anterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­a) and 4 X longer setae on posterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­b). Antennae of holotype about 1.28 X length of head. Ant. I: II; III; IV = 1: 2.5; 5; 10.5. Ant. IV 2.3 X longer than Ant. III, divided into six indistinctly ringed subsegments (Fig. A); longest setae 1.5 X the width of segment; Ant. IV apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with 2 parallel sense rods in a single pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape setae slender with bristle like apex; Ae, Ap and Ai normal. 2 + 2 eyes, the anterior lens of each pair much smaller than the posterior one. Dorsal cephalic setae A 3, M 3, M 4, M 5 and L and IL series spinelike, (Fig. J). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) elongate (Fig. G). First unguis lacking tunica and inner tooth, second and third ungues with a small inner tooth and clear tunica (figs. K a – c). All unguiculi with corner tooth, first and second with a long apical filament, exceeding apex of unguis, third unguis with apical filament not exceeding the apex of the unguis (Fig. K). Tenaculum with two setae on anterior unpaired lobe. Dens with 6 dorsal E setae, E 1 – 3 strongly spinelike, E 4 and E 5 spinelike; L 1 – 3 spinelike, L 4 absent; D 1, D 2, Id 2 and Id 4 present, Id 1 and Id 3 absent; 5 ventral rows of spinelike setae (3,2,2,1,1) present (Fig. E). Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). 3 + 2 cuticular spines on each side of the anal valve, s 0 present; setae C 2 – C 8 lamellate but C 7 slender, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened with fringed apex. Body length of the adult female holotype 0.52 mm, head 0.26 mm. Distribution: biogeographic zone 27 Remarks: Arrhopalites heteroculatus n. sp. is also a coecus­group species. This species is similar to A. gnaspinii and A. alambariensis and lives in another cave of the same cave system. A. heteroculatus differs from other species in having 2 + 2 unequal eyes and the sense rods of the apical organ of ANT. III somewhat candle flame­shaped, inserted in a single cuticular pit only by their bases.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFECFFCFFE9C4086AC5C3446.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the Type locality. Type Material. Holotype female Ψ, BRAZIL, Santa Catarina. Botuverá, cave Botuverá. 17 ­ i­ 1998. R. Pinto­da­Rocha (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina: 4 female ΨΨ and 1 juvenile, same data as Holotype. Description. Caecus ­ group (Fig. 10 A – K). Body sparsely clothed with short setae on anterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­a) and 4 X longer setae on posterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­b). Antennae of holotype about 1.2 X length of head. Ant. I: II; III; IV = 1: 1.5; 3; 6.5. Ant. IV 2.06 X longer than Ant. III, subdivided into five indistinctly ringed subsegments (Fig. A); longest setae about twice the width of segment; Ant. IV apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with 2 parallel sense rods in a single shallow pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; Api and Ape setae slender with bristle like apex; Ae, Ap and Ai normal. 1 + 1 eyes, color white, no traces of pigments. Dorsal cephalic setae A 3, M 3, M 4, M 5 and L and IL series spinelike (Fig. J). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) elongate (Fig. G). All ungues with a small inner tooth (figs. K a – c). Tunica present on second and third ungues. All unguiculi with corner tooth and a long apical filament, exceeding apex of unguis. Tenaculum with two setae on anterior unpaired lobe. Dens with 6 dorsal E setae, E 1 – 3 strongly spinelike, E 4 spinelike; L 1 – 3 spinelike; D 1, D 2, Id 1, Id 2 and Id 4 present (Fig. E), Id 3 absent; 5 ventral rows of setae (3,2,2,1,1) present. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). 3 + 2 cuticular spines on each side of the anal valve, s 0 present; setae C 1 – C 8 winged or lamellate but C 7 slender, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened with fringed apex. Body length of the adult female holotype 0.66 mm, head 0.3 mm. Distribution: biogeographic zone 29 Remarks: Arrhopalites botuveraensis n. sp. (South Brazil) belongs to the coecusgroup, it is similar to A. amorimi (Southeast Brazil) and A. vazquezae (Mexico), despite the disconnected distribution. The new species can be distinguished by the absence of tunica in the first unguis and the indistinctly ringed 5 subsegments of fourth antennal segment.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFEEFFC1FE9C4196A8073356.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Paraná state where the Lancinha cave is located. Type Material. Holotype female Ψ, BRAZIL, Paraná. Rio Branco do Sul, Lancinha cave x­ 1986. R. Pinto­da­Rocha (MZUSP). Paratypes: BRAZIL, Paraná: 3 female ΨΨ, same data as Holotype. Description. Caecus ­ group (figs. 11 A – K). Body sparsely clothed with very short setae on anterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­a) and about 7 X longer setae on posterior part of the abdomen (Fig. D­b). Antennae of holotype about 1.25 X length of head. Ant. I: II; III; IV = 1: 2.28; 4.57; 9.14. Ant. IV 2.14 X longer than Ant. III, divided into six indistinctly ringed subsegments (Fig. A); longest setae 1.5 X the width of segment; Ant. IV apex with a capitate sense rod (Fig. B). Ant. III without basal swelling; sense organ (Fig. C) with 2 parallel sense rods in a single shallow pit; seta Aai club­shaped and blunt; seta Api slender with bristle like apex, Ape short and acuminate; Ae, Ap and Ai normal. 1 + 1 eyes, color white. Dorsal cephalic setae A 3, M 4, M 5 and L and IL series spinelike, (Fig. J). Metatrochanteral organ (seta D 2) elongate (Fig. G). First unguis lacking tunica, all ungues with an inner tooth (figs. K a – c). All unguiculi with corner tooth, first and second with a long apical filament, exceeding apex of unguis, third unguis with a short apical filament (Fig. K – c). Tenaculum with two setae on anterior unpaired lobe. Dens with 6 dorsal E setae, E 1 strongly spinelike, E 2 and E 3 spinelike; L 1 spinelike, L 2 and L 3 normal, L 4 absent; D 1, D 2, Id 2 and Id 4 present, Id 1 and Id 3 absent (Fig. E); 5 ventral rows of slender setae (3,2,2,1,1) present. Mucro narrow, gutter­like, both edges serrate (Fig. F). 3 + 2 cuticular spines on each side of the anal valve, s 0 present; setae C 1 – C 8 lamellate but C 7 slender, chaetotaxy as in figure I and table 2. Female subanal appendage flattened, acuminate and unilaterally serrate. Body length of the adult female holotype 0.56 mm, head 0.33 mm. Distribution: biogeographic zone 29 Remarks: Arrhopalites paranaensis n. sp. is similar to A. gnaspinii and A. alambariensis but lives in a separate cave system. A. paranaensis differs from other species mainly in the subanal appendage shape and post cephalic spines. The apical filament on third unguiculus also differentiates this species from others in the same group.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE0FFC1FE9C46DBAF6235EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Argentina, National Park Nahuel Huapi, Valdivienne Forest zone, Lago Frias. Caecus ­ group. Head diagonal 0.25 mm. Pigments absent, eyes 1 + 1. Cephalic spinelike setae present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV undivided. First unguis without inner tooth, all unguiculi with corner tooth, first unguis with a short apical filament. Dental chaetotaxy as shown in table 3, medial ve 1 strongly spinelike, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy as in table 2, 2 + 2 cuticular spines present in each side of the anal valve. Biogeographic zone 29.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE0FFC3FE9C40A6A9C03196.taxon	description	Smynthurus banitus Folsom, 1896. Sminthurinus caecus (Tullberg), Börner, 1901. Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg), Börner, 1906. Type locality: North Europe, under flower pots in houses. Types unknown. (Fig. 12 A – K) Caecus ­ group. Total length, 0.8 – 1.0 mm. Color white, eyes 1 + 1. Cephalic spinelike setae present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV undivided. All ungues with inner tooth and a weak tunica, all unguiculi with corner tooth and apical filament. Dental chaetotaxy as shown in table 3, medial ve 1 strongly spinelike, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy as in table 2, 2 + 2 cuticular spines present in each side of the anal valve. Biogeographic zone 24 a in Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE2FFC3FE9C4176AE5A3599.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA, Iowa, Leon. (Fig. 14 A – I) Pygmaeus ­ group s. str. Total length, 0.6 – 0.7 mm. Color white with ferrugineous spots over the dorsum, eyes 1 + 1. Cephalic spinelike setae present. Ant. III swollen basally. Ant. IV undivided. All ungues with a filamentous inner tooth, first and second unguiculi with corner tooth, a short apical filament present in each unguiculi. Dental chaetotaxy as shown in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy as in table 2, cuticular spines absent on anal valve. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE2FFC3FE9C471BAF0133BB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Costa Rica, Santa Rosa, Serrin Viejo. (Fig. 13 A – K) Caecus ­ group. Total length, 1.2 mm. Color white, eyes 1 + 1. Posterior cephalic spinelike setae present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into 6 ringed subsegments. All ungues with inner tooth, all unguiculi with clear corner tooth, apical filament absent in the third unguiculus. Dental chaetotaxy as shown in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy as in table 2, 3 + 2 cuticular spines present in each side of the anal valve. Biogeographic zone 24 a.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE2FFC7FE9C4309AE8B3226.taxon	description	Sminthurus mamouthia Banks, 1897. Sminthurinus binoculatus Borner, 1901. Arrhopalites binoculatus Scott, 1964 nec Börner, 1901. Arrhopalites purpureus Absolon, 1899. Type locality: Mährischen Höhlen (cave), Germany. (Fig. 15 A – K) Pygmaeus ­ group s. str. Total length, 0.8 – 1.0 mm. Color white, sometimes with traces of pigmentss on the eye patch, eyes 1 + 1. Cephalic spines absent. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into five subsegments. All ungues with inner tooth, all unguiculi with corner tooth, and apical filament exceeding the unguis tip. Dental chaetotaxy as shown in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy as in table 2, cuticular spines absent on anal valve. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE6FFC7FE9C47D6AE5A3466.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA, Illinois, Volo. (Fig. 16 A – K) Pygmaeus ­ group s. str. Total length, 1.0 mm. Color white, eyes 1 + 1. Strong posterior cephalic spines present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into six subsegments. All ungues with a small inner tooth, tunica present in the second and third ungues. All unguiculi with corner tooth, apical filament exceeding the unguis tip on first and second unguiculi. Dental chaetotaxy in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy in table 2, cuticular spines absent on anal valve. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE6FFC7FE9C411EAE8935B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA, Iowa, Jackson Co., Hunters Cave. Pygmaeus ­ group s. str. Total length, 0.8 mm. Color white with slight traces of pigment, eyes 1 + 1. Weak posterior cephalic spines present. Ant. III swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into five subsegments. All ungues with a clear inner tooth, and tunica. First and second unguiculi with corner tooth, and apical filament exceeding the unguis tip. Dental chaetotaxy in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy in table 2. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFE6FFC7FE9C435EAF713706.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: El Salvador. Cochlearifer ­ group. Total length, ~ 1.0 mm. Ant. III swollen basally, with a clear papilla. Ant. IV divided into five subsegments. All ungues with a small inner tooth, and tunica. First and second unguiculi with corner tooth, apical filament exceeding the unguis tip in all unguiculi. Dental chaetotaxy in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy in table 2, no cuticular spines on anal valve. Biogeographic zone 24 a.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFDBFFFAFE9C46E6AEFC3576.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: USA, Colorado, Schofield Pass. Principalis ­ group. Total length, 0.7 mm. Color dark reddish brown all over the body except intersegmental membranes and ventral surface, eyes 2 + 2. Posterior cephalic spines present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into seven subsegments. All ungues with a clear inner tooth, tunica present on hind unguis. All unguiculi with corner tooth, and apical filament exceeding the unguis tip. Dental chaetotaxy in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy in table 2. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in the Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
03C387C2FFDBFFFAFE9C445BAEFC332B.taxon	description	Arrhopalites binoculatus sensu Mills, 1934. Arrhopalites sub­binoculatus Denis, 1933: 287 – 288, figs. 108 – 112. Type locality: USA, Massachussets, Arlington (Folsom). Costa Rica, Apaican (A. subbinoculatus). (Fig. 17 A – K) Principalis ­ group. Total length, 1.5 mm. Color white with traces of pigment over the dorsum and eyespots, eyes 1 + 1. Strong posterior cephalic spines present. Ant. III not swollen basally. Ant. IV divided into five subsegments. All ungues with a inner tooth, no tunica. All unguiculi with corner tooth, apical filament exceeding the unguis tip on fore and midle unguiculi. Dental chaetotaxy in table 3, ventral dental formula 3: 2: 1: 1. Anal valve chaetotaxy in table 2. Biogeographic zone 8 and 24 a in the Neotropical region.	en	Zeppelini, Douglas (2006): The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa 1124: 1-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171788
