identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C387D7FFD4253DFF3AEBC8FA46FA7B.text	03C387D7FFD4253DFF3AEBC8FA46FA7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia	<div><p>Key to species of genus Rhipidia from China (males)</p><p>1 Cell dm open by atrophy of m-m (figs. 3, 7, 11, 12); lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines arising from a common enlarged basal tubercle of rostral prolongation (figs. 8, 14)........................................ Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) ... 2</p><p>- Cell dm closed (fig. 18); lobe of gonostylus with two or more rostral spines directly arising from rostral prolongation (fig. 21).................................................................................... Rhipidia (s. str.) ... 5</p><p>2 Tarsi of legs mostly snowy white (figs. 4, 9)................................................................ 3</p><p>- Tarsi of legs not snowy white............................................................................ 4</p><p>3 Antenna 14-segmented with eleven bipectinate flagellomeres (figs. 5, 6); Sc2 evident, M3 connected with CuA1 (fig. 7).............................................................................................. R. (E.) garrula</p><p>- Antenna 11-segmented with eight bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 10); Sc2 not evident, M3 lying free with basal connection atro- phied (figs. 11, 12)....................................................................... R. (E.) garruloides</p><p>4 Body small with length about 3.3–3.8 mm; cloud at origin of Rs wide with upper part slightly narrower than cloud at tip of R1, and its lower part nearly twice wider than upper part (fig. 3).................................. R. (E.) expansimacula</p><p>- Body relatively large with length about 4.5–5.5 mm; cloud at origin of Rs relatively narrow with upper part about half width of cloud at tip of R1, and its lower part slightly wider than upper part................................. R. (E.) formosana</p><p>5 Antenna not pectinate................................................................................. 6</p><p>- Antenna mostly pectinate............................................................................... 7</p><p>6 Lobe of gonostylus with rostral spines unusually long and placed near midlength of rostral prolongation (Alexander 1966)....................................................................................... R. (R.) septentrionis</p><p>- Lobe of gonostylus with rostral spines shorter and placed near tip of rostral prolongation (de Meijere 1911; Alexander 1966)......................................................................................... R. (R.) pulchra</p><p>7 Antenna mostly unipectinate (fig. 52)....................................................... R. (R.) monoctenia</p><p>- Antenna mostly bipectinate (figs. 2, 5, 6)................................................................. 8</p><p>8 Wing with four larger and darker spots on costal region, one large spot over origin of Rs and fork of Sc (figs. 48, 77, 84)... 9</p><p>- Wing not as above, two discrete spots on origin of Rs and fork of Sc respectively (figs. 18, 26, 32)................... 11</p><p>9 Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines near tip of rostral prolongation (fig. 85).................... R. (R.) synspilota</p><p>- Lobe of gonostylus with six or more rostral spines immediately beyond midlength of rostral prolongation (figs. 49–51,78–80).................................................................................................. 10</p><p>10 Antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 47); Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs (fig. 48); lobe of gonostylus with six rostral spines (figs. 49–51)............................................................... R. (R.) maculata</p><p>- Antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 76); Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs (fig. 77); lobe of gonostylus with seven or eight very unequal rostral spines (figs. 78–80).................................. R. (R.) spinosa sp. nov.</p><p>11 Mesonotum uniformly yellow or brownish yellow and standing out (figs. 23, 25, 30)............................... 12</p><p>- Mesonotum not as above (figs. 16, 34, 40)................................................................ 13</p><p>12 Antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 24); lobe of gonostylus large four short spines immediately beyond mid- length of rostral prolongation (figs. 27–29)................................................. R. (R.) flava sp. nov.</p><p>- Antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 31); lobe of gonostylus medium-sized with five or six long spines near tip of rostral prolongation (fig. 33)............................................................. R. (R.) hypomelania</p><p>13 Gonocoxite with two ventromesal lobes (figs. 37–39, 59–61)................................................ 14</p><p>- Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe (figs. 20–22, 27–29, 37–39).................................... 15</p><p>14 Antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 35); pleuron with a indistinct longitudinal stripe (fig. 34); wing spots mostly combined and very pale (fig. 36); gonocoxite with inside lobe long and thin, lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines (figs. 37–39)........................................................................... R. (R.) lobifera sp. nov.</p><p>- Antenna with ten bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 57); pleuron with two conspicuous longitudinal stripes (fig. 56); wing spots not as above (fig. 58); gonocoxite with inside lobe columnar and stout, casper of gonostylus with four rostral spines (figs. 59– 61).................................................................................. R. (R.) reductispina</p><p>15 Posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch, forming two broadly rounded lobes (figs. 19, 21)............................................................................................... R. (R.) bilobata sp. nov.</p><p>- Posterior margin of tergite nine emarginate or gently emarginated, not as above (figs. 28, 38, 44)..................... 16</p><p>16 Antenna with six bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 63)......................................................... 17</p><p>- Antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres (figs. 41, 70, 87, 88)............................................. 18</p><p>17 Pleuron with two brownish black longitudinal stripes (fig. 62); Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs (fig. 64); lobe of gonos- tylus with six rostral spines (figs. 65–67)................................................. R. (R.) sejuga sp. nov.</p><p>- Pleuron with a conspicuous longitudinal stripe; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; lobe of gonostylus with four rostral spines........................................................................................... R. (R.) servilis</p><p>18 Lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines (figs. 72–74, 90).................................................. 19</p><p>- Lobe of gonostylus with four or more rostral spines (figs. 43–45)............................................. 20</p><p>19 Pleuron without conspicuous stripe (fig. 86); wing spots mostly combined and almost obliterating lighter areas, Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs (fig. 89); rostral prolongation thin and long (fig. 90)....................... R. (R.) triarmata</p><p>- Pleuron with a conspicuous longitudinal stripe (fig. 69); wing spots not so combined as above; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs (fig. 71); rostral prolongation not so thin or long as above (figs. 72–74).................. R. (R.) shennongjiensis sp. nov.</p><p>20 Rostral prolongation of lobe of gonostylus small with five or six spines......................... R. (R.) chenwenyoungi</p><p>- Rostral prolongation of lobe of gonostylus long with four spines (figs. 43–45)................... .. R. (R.) longa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFD4253DFF3AEBC8FA46FA7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFD7253BFF3AE83DFEF2FEDE.text	03C387D7FFD7253BFF3AE83DFEF2FEDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) expansimacula (Alexander 1934) Alexander 1934	<div><p>Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) expansimacula (Alexander, 1934)</p><p>(Figs. 1–3)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) formosana expansimacula Alexander, 1934: 324 . Type locality: Mt. Omei, Sichuan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eleven bipectinate flagellomeres. Wing white with brownish black clouds; Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs, cell dm open by atrophy of m-m, basal section of CuA1 a short distance distad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 3.3 mm, wing length 4.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 2). Brown, dusted with grayish white. Antenna 1.2 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to eleven grayish white with basal enlargements and branches brown, terminal flagellomere brown. Each of flagellomeres one to eleven inclusive with two branches which are the longest at sixth flagellomere and nearly three times as long as corresponding flagellomere; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus brownish black.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 1). Generally brown, dusted with grayish white. Details indistinct for covered by flocs. Coxae brown; trochanters yellow; femora yellow with broad brown subterminal rings; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow with tips dark. Wing (fig. 3) white with brownish black clouds: major brownish black areas at base of cell R, origin of Rs, tip of R1, and wing tip in cells R2 and R3; brownish black stripe along cord to basal section of CuA1; brownish black spots at tip of M1+2, M3, CuA1, CuA2 and A2; veins brownish yellow to brown, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs; Sc2 not evident; cell dm open by atrophy of m-m; basal section of CuA1 a short distance distad of fork of M. Halter 0.4 mm long, white with knob dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 1). Tergites and sternites dark brown.</p><p>Hypopygium. Shrunken on holotype, details indistinct. Rostral prolongation small with two slender spines arising from a commom tubercle.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei (1463 m), 1932. VII. 4, Geo. M. Franck. One wing is mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. One hind leg is still attached to the body, and the remaining five legs are absent.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1934). Crossvein m-m is shown on the original illustration (Alexander 1934, plate 1, fig. 22), whereas it is not present in either wing (figs. 1, 3). As described in Alexander (1934), this species is very similar to R. (E.) formosana Alexander, 1923 from China, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the small size (body length 3.3–3.8 mm (Alexander 1934)); the wide cloud at origin of Rs with its upper part slightly narrower than the cloud at tip of R1, and the lower part of the cloud at origin of Rs nearly twice wider than the upper part (fig. 3). In R. (E.) formosana, the size is relatively large (body length 4.5–5.5 mm); the cloud at origin of Rs is relatively narrow with its upper part about half the width of the cloud at tip of R1, and the lower part of the cloud at origin of Rs is slightly wider than the upper part (Zhang et al. 2012, fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFD7253BFF3AE83DFEF2FEDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFD1253BFF3AEF97FAC4FB1C.text	03C387D7FFD1253BFF3AEF97FAC4FB1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) formosana Alexander 1923	<div><p>Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) formosana Alexander, 1923</p><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) rostrifera formosana Alexander, 1923: 61 . Type locality: Funkiko, Taiwan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eleven bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with two conspicuous brown longitudinal stripes. Wing white with brownish black clouds; major brownish black areas at base of cell R, origin of Rs, tip of R1, and wing tip in cells R1 and R3+4; brownish black stripe along cord to basal section of CuA1; brownish black spots at tip of M1+2, M3, CuA1, CuA2 and A2; Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs, cell dm open by atrophy of m-m, basal section of CuA1 a short distance distad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines arising from a commom tubercle.</p><p>Specimens examined. 1 male (CAU), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei (29°35'11"N 103°22'39 "E, 1100 m), 2012. VI. 8, Xiao Zhang. 1 male 1 female (CAU), China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna (22°2'19"N 100°48'3"E, 735 m), 2012. VII. 27, Yingying Wang. 9 males 3 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°45'15"N 121°36'45"E, 635 m), 2010. XI. 12, Ding Yang. 6 males (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°35'25"N 121°35'42"E, 670 m), 2011. VI. 11, Xiaoyan Liu (light trap). 4 males 1 female (CAU), China: Taiwan, Nantou, Renai, Mt. Lu (24° 2'13"N 121°11'7"E, 1660 m), 2011. VI. 18, Xiaoyan Liu (light trap).</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Taiwan).</p><p>Remarks. This subspecies is newly recorded from mainland China. For descriptions and illustrations of this subspecies, see Alexander (1923) and Zhang et al. (2012). It was first described as a subspecies or variety of rostrifera Edwards by Alexander (1923), but then it was proved to be a valid species (Alexander 1934).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFD1253BFF3AEF97FAC4FB1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFD12539FF3AEAD9FB52FEFC.text	03C387D7FFD12539FF3AEAD9FB52FEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) garrula (Alexander 1933) Alexander 1933	<div><p>Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) garrula (Alexander, 1933)</p><p>(Figs. 4–8)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) garrula Alexander, 1933a: 140 . Type locality: Mt. Omei, Sichuan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eleven bipectinate flagellomeres. Tarsi snowy white. Wing white with brownish black clouds; Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, cell dm open by atrophy of m-m, basal section of CuA1 a short distance distad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 6.5 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 5). brown, dusted with grayish white. Antenna (fig. 6) about 15 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to eleven pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brown, terminal flagellomere brown. Each of flagellomeres one to eleven inclusive with two branches which are the longest at sixth flagellomere and nearly three times as long as corresponding flagellomere; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus brown.</p><p>Thorax. (fig. 4) Generally brownish yellow, dusted with grayish white. Mesonotum dark brown. Pleuron brownish yellow without conspicuous stripe. Coxae and trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae yellow to brownish yellow with tips dark; tarsi snowy white except bases of first tarsi. Wing (fig. 7) very pale brown with brownish black areas at tip of R1, milky white areas proximally and distally of these brownish black areas, brown areas at wing tip in cells R2 and R3; veins brownish yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, Sc2 near origin of Rs; cell dm open by atrophy of m-m; basal section of CuA1 a short distance distad of fork of M. Halter 1.0 mm long, yellow with knob slightly dark.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 4). Tergites and sternites brownish black with posterior parts yellow.</p><p>Hypopygium (fig. 8). Posterior margin of tergite nine emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation small with two slender spines arising from commom tubercle. Paramere with mesoapical angle slender.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei (2134 m), 1931. VII. 17, Geo. M. Franck. One antenna, one leg, one wing and hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. Two mid legs are still attached to the body, and the remaining three legs are absent.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1933a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFD12539FF3AEAD9FB52FEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFD32537FF3AEA42FD8DF90F.text	03C387D7FFD32537FF3AEA42FD8DF90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) garruloides (Alexander 1933) Alexander 1933	<div><p>Rhipidia (Eurhipidia) garruloides (Alexander, 1933)</p><p>(Figs. 9–15)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia)garruloides Alexander, 1933b: 395 . Type locality: Mt. Omei, Sichuan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna only 11-segmented with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe. Tarsi snowy white. Wing white with brownish black clouds; Sc1 ending at one-fourth to one-third length of Rs, M3 lying free by atrophy of its basal connection and m-m, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 3.5–4.0 mm, wing length 4.0– 4.5 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 10). Brownish yellow with grayish white pollen. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 0.8 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellomeres one to eight pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish yellow, terminal flagellomere brownish yellow. Each of flagellomeres one to eight inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and nearly twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brownish yellow with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 9). General brownish yellow with grayish white pollen. Notum brownish yellow. Pleuron brownish yellow with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe extending from cervical region to base of abdomen. Coxae and trochanters yellow; femora brownish yellow with tips darker; tibiae yellow; tarsi snowy white. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (figs. 11, 12) white with brownish black clouds: brownish black spot at base of CuA; two large brownish black areas at two places, first one at tip of R1 and cord, second at tip of wing; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending at one-fourth to one-third length of Rs, Sc2 not evident; Rs relatively short, only about half length of R2+3; M3 lying free by atrophy of its basal connection and m-m, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.4 mm long, pale yellow with knob weakly darkened.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 9). Tergites and sternites brownish black with posterior parts brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 13–15). Posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch, lobes broadly rounded. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation small with two slender spines arising from commom tubercle. Paramere with mesoapical lobe curved, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei, 1931. VII. 17, Geo. M. Franck. The head, one wing, three legs and hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. The remaining three legs are still attached to the body. The other wing is absent. Other material: 1 male (CAU), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei, 1998. VIII. 10, Ding Yang.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1933b). M3 is connected to CuA1 on the original illustration (Alexander 1933b, plate 1, fig. 15), whereas it is lying free by atrophy of its basal connection and crossvein m-m (fig. 12).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFD32537FF3AEA42FD8DF90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFDD2534FF3AE8E4FE51FF60.text	03C387D7FFDD2534FF3AE8E4FE51FF60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) bilobata	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) bilobata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 16–22)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with two conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripes. Wing grayish white with numerous small pale gray spots and some darker spots; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with seven rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 4.6 mm, wing length 5.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 17). Brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brownish black. Antenna 1.3 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to ten pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish yellow, remaining flagellomeres brownish yellow. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to ten inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and about twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; eleventh flagellomere enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus dark brown with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 16). Generally brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brown. Prescutum brown with three brownish black stripes. Scutum brown, middle area paler, each lobe with pale yellow spot. Scutellum brown. Mediotergite brown to brownish black. Pleuron brown with two brownish black longitudinal stripes, upper one extending from cervical region to base of abdomen, lower one extending from fore coxa to hind coxa. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters pale yellow. Wing (fig. 18) grayish white; all cells with numerous small pale gray spots; larger and darker spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 16). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 20–22). Posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch, forming two broadly rounded lobes. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation small with seven spines immediately beyond midlength, lengths of spines very unequal, longest one about three times as long as shortest. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Tibet, Motuo, Beibeng (700 m), 2011. VII. 20, Wenliang Li.</p><p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the two broadly rounded lobes formed by posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch (from Latin bilobatus meaning “bilobate”).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) chenwenyoungi Zhang, Li and Yang, 2012 from China in having similar clouds and venation of wing, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 17), the pleuron being brown with two conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripes (fig. 16), and the male hypopygium with seven very unequal rostral spines (figs. 20–22). In R. (R.) chenwenyoungi, the male antenna has eight bipectinate flagellomeres, the pleuron is brownish yellow with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe, and the male hypopygium has six rostral spines. In addition, it is somewhat similar to another new species, R. (R.) spinosa sp. nov., in having a similar hypopygium, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch, forming two broadly rounded lobes (figs. 19, 21). In R. (R.) spinosa sp. nov., the posterior margin of tergite nine is gently emarginated (fig. 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFDD2534FF3AE8E4FE51FF60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFDE2534FF3AEF42FCADFB05.text	03C387D7FFDE2534FF3AEF42FCADFB05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) chenwenyoungi Zhang, Li and Yang 2012	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) chenwenyoungi Zhang, Li and Yang, 2012</p><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) chenwenyoungi Zhang, Li and Yang, 2012: 39 . Type locality: Yilan, Taiwan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe. Wing white; all cells with numerous pale gray spots similar in size; slightly dark spots at base of cell R, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs, fork of R1 and proximad tip of A2; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with five or six rostral spines.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°45'15"N 121°36'45"E, 635 m), 2010. XI. 12, Ding Yang. Paratypes: 9 males 3 females (CAU), same data as holotype. Other material: 1 male (CAU), China: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui (25°24'4"N 98°55'23"E, 1900 m), 2012. VII. 25, Junchao Wang. 22 males 13 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°35'25"N 121°35'42"E, 670 m), 2011. VI. 11, Xiaoyan Liu. 1 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°28'21"N 121°30'52"E, 750 m), 2012. VI. 18, Hui Dong. 2 males (CAU), China: Taiwan, Taibei, Beitou, Yangmingshan (25°9'13" N 121°32'52"E, 900 m), 2012. VI.17, Lihua Wang (light trap). 12 males 4 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Taibei, Qinshan Street (25° 8'51"N 121°33'31"E, 670 m), 2012. VI. 17, Lihua Wang (light trap). 1 male (CAU), China: Taiwan, Xinbei, Banqiao, Dahan Bridge (25°1'58"N 121°27'46"E, 710 m), 2011. VI. 13, Xiaoyan Liu. 2 males 2 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Pingdong, Chaozhou, Shouka Street (22°33'11"N 120°31'32"E, 50 m), 2012. VI. 24, Lihua Wang (light trap).</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan, Taiwan).</p><p>Remarks. This species is newly recorded from mainland China. For description and illustration of this species, see Zhang et al. (2012). Wing spot proximad tip of A2 (Zhang et al. 2012, fig. 23) instead of at tip of A2, makes the species easily distinguishable from the other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFDE2534FF3AEF42FCADFB05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFDE2532FF3AEAFEFADEF835.text	03C387D7FFDE2532FF3AEAFEFADEF835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) flava	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) flava sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 23–29)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres. Mesonotum uniformly yellow; pleuron brown with dorsal part yellow. Wing pale yellow with mostly combined very pale brown spots and some slightly darker spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas, most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with four rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 7.3 mm, wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 24). Dark brown, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 2.2 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to nine pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brown, remaining flagellomeres brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to eight inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fifth or sixth flagellomere and slightly longer than corresponding flagellomere; ninth flagellomere with single short branch; flagellomeres ten and eleven enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus dark brown with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 23, 25). Generally yellow to brown, dusted with grayish white. Mesonotum (fig. 25) uniformly yellow. Prescutum brown with three narrow brownish yellow stripes, each side stripe with a row of sparse brown hairs. Pleuron brown with upper part yellow. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae pale brown; trochanters pale brownish yellow; femora yellow with tips darker; tibiae and tarsi yellow. Wing (fig. 26) pale yellow; all cells with mostly combined very pale brown spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas, most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; slightly dark spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs, tip of R1 and tip of A2; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 23). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 27–29). Posterior margin of tergite nine with deep V-shaped notch, forming two broadly rounded lobes. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation relatively long with four short spines immediately beyond midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Yunnan, Nujiang, Lushui, Pianma (25°24'4"N 98°55'23"E, 1900 m), 2012. VII. 25, Junchao Wang.</p><p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the uniformly yellow mesonotum (form Latin flavus meaning “yellow”).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) hypomelania (Alexander, 1936) from China, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the male antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 24), the lobe of gonostylus being large, and the rostral prolongation with four short spines immediately beyond midlength (figs. 27–29). In R. (R.) hypomelania, the male antenna has eight bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 31), the lobe of gonostylus is medium-sized, and the rostral prolongation has five or six long spines near tip (fig. 33).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFDE2532FF3AEAFEFADEF835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFDB2530FF3AEE99FBA6FC32.text	03C387D7FFDB2530FF3AEE99FBA6FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) hypomelania (Alexander 1936) Alexander 1936	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) hypomelania (Alexander, 1936)</p><p>(Figs. 30–33)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) hypomelania Alexander, 1936: 236 . Type locality: Mt. Omei, Sichuan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Mesonotum uniformly brownish yellow; pleuron brownish black with dorsal part brownish yellow. Wing pale yellow with numerous very pale brown spots; most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; Sc1 ending beyound one-third length of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with five or six rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 6.8 mm, wing length 7.8 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 31). Black, dusted with grayish white. Antenna 1.3–1.5 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish black, flagellomeres one to eleven grayish white with basal enlargements and branches dark brown, terminal flagellomere dark brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to nine inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and nearly one-half longer than corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres ten and eleven inclusive with single short branch; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus black.</p><p>Thorax(fig. 30). Generally brownish yellow to brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Mesonotum uniformly brownish yellow. Pleuron brownish black with upper part brownish yellow. Coxae brownish black; trochanters brownish yellow to brownish black; femora yellow with bases darker; tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow with terminal segments brownish yellow. Wing (fig. 32) pale yellow; all cells with numerous very pale brown spots; most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; similar in size but darker spots at middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, and wing tip;veins yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending beyound onethird length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7–0.8 mm long, yellow with knob darker.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites and sternites brownish yellow.</p><p>Hypopygium (fig. 33). Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus medium-sized; rostral prolongation long with five or six long spines near tip. Paramere with mesoapical angle brownish yellow.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei (1676–3353 m), 1934. VIII. 16– 20, Graham. The hypopygium is mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. Three legs are still attached or affixed to the body, and the remaining three legs are absent.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1936).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFDB2530FF3AEE99FBA6FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFDA252FFF3AEDF3FB00F82D.text	03C387D7FFDA252FFF3AEDF3FB00F82D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) lobifera	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) lobifera sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 34–39)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe. Wing pale yellow with mostly combined very pale brownish yellow spots and some darker spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas, most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 8.0 mm, wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 35). Brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 2.5 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to ten pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brown, remaining flagellomeres brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to ten inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fifth flagellomere and about one-half longer than corresponding flagellomere; eleventh flagellomere enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus dark brown with brownish black hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 34). Generally brownish yellow, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brownish black. Prescutum brownish yellow with three narrow brown stripes. Scutum brownish yellow, middle area paler, each lobe with a pale yellow spot. Scutellum brownish yellow, borders brown. Mediotergite brown with a pale brown median stripe. Pleuron brownish yellow with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe extending from cervical region to base of abdomen. Hairs on thorax brown. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters pale yellow; femora brownish yellow with tips darker; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow. Wing (fig. 36) pale yellow; all cells with mostly combined very pale brownish yellow spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas, most spots very indistinct and making wing almost unicolor; darker spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 1.0 mm long, white with knob darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 34). Tergites and sternites yellow. Hairs on abdomen brown.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 37–39). Posterior margin of tergite nine emarginate. Gonocoxite with two ventromesal lobes: outside one simple as most Rhipidia; inside one long and thin with five powerful long hairs at tip. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation long with three short spines near midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Tibet, Linzhi, Hanmi, 2011. VIII. 4, Lihua Wang (light trap).</p><p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the long and thin lobe of gonocoxite (from Latin lobifera = lobus (n., meaning “lobe”) + - ferō (v., meaning “bear, carry”)).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) choprai (Alexander, 1927) from India, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 35), outside lobe of gonocoxite being simple as most Rhipidia (nearly spherical with scattered hairs), inside lobe of gonocoxite being long and thin with five powerful long hairs at tip, and the base of rostral prolongation without long hair (figs. 37– 39). In R. (R.) choprai, the male antenna has eight bipectinate flagellomeres, outside lobe of gonocoxite is short and stout with five powerful long hairs at tip, the inside lobe of gonocoxite is long and thin with one long and one short hairs at tip, and the base of rostral prolongation has four or five long hair (Alexander 1927).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFDA252FFF3AEDF3FB00F82D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC4252BFF3AEB59FA9DFF60.text	03C387D7FFC4252BFF3AEB59FA9DFF60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 40–45)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with a conspicuous black longitudinal stripe. Wing grayish white with numerous small pale gray spots and some large and dark spots; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with four rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 5.0– 6.5 mm, wing length 6.0– 6.5 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 41). Black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 1.6 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellomeres one to nine pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish yellow, remaining flagellomeres brownish yellow. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to nine inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fifth flagellomere and one-half longer than corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres ten and eleven enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brownish black with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 40). Generally brown, dusted with grayish white. Mesonotum brownish yellow. Pleuron brown with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe extending from cervical region to base of abdomen. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora brownish yellow with bases pale yellow and tips darker; tibiae yellow with tips darker; tarsi yellow to brownish yellow. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 42) grayish white; all cells with numerous small pale gray spots; large and dark spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs and tip of R1; veins brownish yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7 mm long, white with knob darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 40). Tergites brownish black. Sternites pale brown. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 43–45). Posterior margin of tergite nine emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation long with four long spines immediately beyond midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Body length 6.5–7.8 mm, wing length 7.2 mm. Similar to male, but flagellomeres peach-shaped. Cercus and hypogynial valve pale brownish yellow.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Zhejiang, Qinling, Wuyanling, 2007. VIII.3, Yajun Zhu. Paratypes: 1 male (CAU), same data as holotype. 5 males (CAU), China: Zhejiang, Tianmu, 2011. VIII.1, Tingting Zhang. 20 males 15 females (CAU), China: Zhejiang, Mt.Tianmu, 2012. VII–IX. 1 male (CAU), China: Fujian, Mt. Wuyi, Guadun, 2006. VIII.14, Xian Zhou. 35 males 20 females (CAU), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei, Linggongli, 2012. VI. 12, Xiao Zhang and Tao Li (light trap). 1 male (CAU), China: Sichuan, Pingwu, Laohegou, 2012. V. 30, Sipei Liu. 4 males 3 females (CAU), China: Chongqing, Jinyunshan, 2012. VIII. 4, Liu Liang and Li Zhifei. 1 male (CAU), China: Yunnan, Zhenyuan, Mt. Ailao (1200 m), 2010. VII. 31, Liang Liang. 5 males 3 females (CAU), Taiwan: Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (635 m), 2010. XI. 12, Ding Yang. 2 males (CAU), China: Taiwan, Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°35'25"N 121°35'42"E, 670 m), 2011. VI. 11, Xiaoyan Liu (light trap). 2 males (CAU), China: Taiwan, Hualian, Bilv (1800 m), 2011. VI. 19, Xiaoyan Liu (light trap). 3 males 7 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Taibei, Beitou, Mt. Yangming (25°9'13" N 121°32'52"E, 900 m), 2012. VI.17, Hui Dong and Lihua Wang (light trap). 1 male (CAU), China: Taiwan, Jiayi, Mt. Ali, Peizaitong Street (1100 m), 2012. VI.7, Lihua Wang (light trap). 1 male 2 females (CAU), China: Taiwan, Nantou, Renai, Ruiyan Stream (2200 m), 2012. VI.28, Lihua Wang.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Taiwan).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the long rostral prolongation (Latin longa means “long”).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) triarmata (Alexander, 1930) from China in having similar male antenna and hypopygium except the number of rostral spine, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the pleuron being brown with a conspicuous black longitudinal stripe (fig. 40), the wing with numerous small pale gray spots and some large and dark spots (fig. 42), and the rostral prolongation with four spines (figs. 43–45). In R. (R.) triarmata, the pleuron is brownish yellow without conspicuous stripe (fig. 86), the wing is grayish white with mostly combined brown spots, and the rostral prolongation has three spines (fig. 89). In addition, it is somewhat similar to R. (R.) reductispina Savchenko, 1983 from Russia in having similar clouds and venation of wing, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 41). In R. (R.) reductispina, the male antenna has ten bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 57).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC4252BFF3AEB59FA9DFF60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC12529FF3AEF42FEA1FD80.text	03C387D7FFC12529FF3AEF42FEA1FD80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen 1818	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen, 1818</p><p>(Figs. 46–51)</p><p>Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818: 153 . Type locality: not given (?near Stolberg [D]).</p><p>Dicranomyia duplicata Doane, 1900: 185 Type locality: Tokeland, Wash. (USA).</p><p>Rhipidia pauperior Kuntze, 1920: 421 . Type locality: Zlatoust (Russia); Chamonix (France).</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) maculata lecontei Alexander, 1940: 624 . Type locality: Mt. Leconte, Huffs Lodge, Tennessee (USA).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown without conspicuous stripe. Wing pale gray with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark; Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with six rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 7.5 mm, wing length 7.5 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 47). Black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 1.8 mm long. Scape brown, pedicel brownish yellow, flagellomeres one to eleven pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brown, terminal flagellomere brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to ten inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fifth or sixth flagellomere and nearly one-half longer than corresponding flagellomere; eleventh flagellomere with single short branch; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brown with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 46). General brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brownish yellow. Prescutum brown. Scutum brown, middle area paler, each lobe with a pale yellow spot. Scutellum brown, borders brownish black. Mediotergite brown. Pleuron brown. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters yellow; femora and tibiae yellow with tips brown; tarsi brownish yellow. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 48) pale gray; all cells with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark: over basal of cell Sc, over middle area of cell Sc, over fork of Sc and origin of Rs, and over R2 and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending just distad of origin of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.9 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 46). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 49–51). Posterior margin of tergite nine gently emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to an apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation relatively long with six spines immediately beyond midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. 1 male (CAU), China: Gansu, Xiahe, Zhaxirelu, 2011. VII. 21, Sipei Liu. 1 male (CAU), China: Xinjiang, Aletai, Buerjin,Hemu, 2007. VII. 24, Shan Huo. 1 male (CAU), China: Yunnan, Gongshan (1400m), 2007. V. 13 (light), Xingyue Liu.</p><p>Distribution. China (northeast, Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Canada; USA; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Rep.; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Great Britain; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; Russia; Mongolia; Japan.</p><p>Remarks. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, also see Meigen (1818), Doane (1900), Alexander (1919, 1940, 1943, 1967, 1972), Kuntze (1920), Alexander and Byers (1981), Podenas et al. (2006) and Podenas and Gelhaus (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC12529FF3AEF42FEA1FD80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC32528FF3AEC62FB52FB84.text	03C387D7FFC32528FF3AEC62FB52FB84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) monoctenia (Alexander 1935) Alexander 1935	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) monoctenia (Alexander, 1935)</p><p>(Figs. 52–55)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) monoctenia Alexander, 1935a: 210 . Type locality: Mt. Omei, Sichuan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight unipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with a conspicuous black longitudinal stripes (Alexander 1935a). Wing grayish white with mostly combined brown spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas; four large spots darker on costal region; Sc1 ending near onethird length of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two or three rostral spines (Alexander 1935a).</p><p>Description. Male. Wing length 6.5 mm.</p><p>Antenna (fig. 52) about 1.7 mm long. Flagellomeres one to ten pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish black, remaining flagellomeres brownish black. Each of flagellomeres two to nine inclusive with one branches which is the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and slightly longer than corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres ten and eleven enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate.</p><p>Femur of fore leg (fig. 53) brown to brownish black with tip brownish yellow; tibiae and tarsi brownish black. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 54) grayish white; all cells with mostly combined brown spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas; four large spots darker on costal region: spot over basal of cell Sc, over middle area of cell Sc, over fork of Sc and origin of Rs, and over R2 and tip of R1; veins brownish black. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M.</p><p>Hypopygium (fig. 55). Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation relatively long with two spines near midlength.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Sichuan, Mt. Omei (3292 m), 1934. VIII. 18, Graham. One antenna, one wing, one fore leg and hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. The rest of the specimen was not found in USNM.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1935a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC32528FF3AEC62FB52FB84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC22528FF3AEA61FA50FA7E.text	03C387D7FFC22528FF3AEA61FA50FA7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) pulchra	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) pulchra de Meijere, 1904</p><p>Rhipidia pulchra de Meijere, 1904: 92. Type locality: Tosari, Java (Indonesia).</p><p>Dicranomyia marmoripennis Brunetti, 1912: 369 . Type locality: Kurseong, West Bengal (India).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna not pectinate. Pleuron pale yellow with two conspicuous dark longitudinal stripes. Wing pale grey with numerous small and faint grey spots; darker spots at origin of Rs, fork of Rs, fork of R1 and tip of A2; no larger spot on costal region; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, basal section of CuA1 close to fork of M (de Meijere 1904; Brunetti 1912). Lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines (de Meijere 1911; Alexander 1966).</p><p>Distribution. China (Hainan); Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, see de Meijere (1904, 1911) and Brunetti (1912).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC22528FF3AEA61FA50FA7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC22526FF3AE837FE33F8F1.text	03C387D7FFC22526FF3AE837FE33F8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) reductispina Savchenko 1983	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) reductispina Savchenko, 1983</p><p>(Figs. 56–61)</p><p>Rhipidia reductispina Savchenko, 1983: 117 . Type locality: Kedrovaya Pad, Khasan district, Primorskiy (Russia).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with ten bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with two conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripes. Wing grayish white with numerous small pale gray spots and some large and dark spots; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with four very short rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 7.0– 8.5mm, wing length 8.5–9.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 57). Brown, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head black. Antenna 2.6 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish black, flagellomeres one to eleven pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish black, terminal flagellomere brownish black. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to eleven inclusive with two branches which are the longest at sixth or seventh flagellomere and nearly twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus brown with black hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 56). General brownish yellow to brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brown. Prescutum brown with three brownish black strips. Scutum brown, middle area paler, each lobe with a pale yellow spot. Scutellum brownish yellow to brown. Mediotergite brown. Pleuron brownish yellow with two conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripes, upper one extending from cervical region to base of abdomen, lower one extending from fore coxa to hind coxa. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yellow with tips brownish yellow; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 58) grayish white; all cells with numerous small pale gray spots; large and dark spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.8 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 56). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 59–61). Posterior margin of tergite nine almost evenly rounded. Gonocoxite with two ventromesal lobes: outside one simple as in most Rhipidia species; inside one columnar and stout, tip with several powerful long hairs. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation relatively long with four very short spine near midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Body length 8.0–9.0mm, wing length 8.5–9.0 mm. Similar to male, but flagellomeres peach-shaped. Cercus and hypogynial valve pale brownish yellow.</p><p>Specimens examined. 1 male (CAU), China: Beijing, Changping, Huyu, 2009. VIII. 22, Qifei Liu. 1 male (CAU), China: Beijing, Huairou, Mt. Yunmeng, 2009. IX. 10, Dan Zhou. 2 males 2 females (CAU), China: Beijing, Yanqing, Mt. Song, 2012. IX. 7, Yang Li and Yuqiang Xi.</p><p>Distribution. China (Beijing); Russia.</p><p>Remarks. This species is recorded from China for the first time. For description and illustration of this species, also see Savchenko (1983). As described and illustrated in Savchenko (1983), male antenna (fig. 57) has nearly maximum number (ten) of bipectinate flagellomeres in Rhipidia s. str., gonocoxite has two ventromesal lobes, and rostral prolongation has four very short spine (figs. 59–61), which makes the species easily distinguishable from the other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC22526FF3AE837FE33F8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFCF2523FF3AEE99FA53FDA5.text	03C387D7FFCF2523FF3AEE99FA53FDA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 62–67)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with six bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with two brownish black longitudinal stripes. Wing grayish white with numerous small pale gray spots and some large and dark spots; Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with six rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 5.5–6.0 mm, wing length 5.5–6.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 63). Brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brownish black. Antenna 1.2 mm long. Scape and pedicel pale brown, flagellomeres one to nine pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches pale brown, remaining flagellomeres pale brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to seven inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and slightly longer than corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres eight and nine with single short branch; flagellomeres ten and eleven enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brown with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 62). General brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brownish black. Prescutum pale brown with a brown median stripe, stripe with anterior half represented by three black lines. Scutum brown, middle area paler, each lobe with a pale yellow spot. Scutellum brown, borders brownish black. Mediotergite brownish yellow to brown. Pleuron brown with two brownish black longitudinal stripes, upper one extending from cervical region to base of abdomen, lower one extending from fore coxa to hind coxa. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora brownish yellow with broad brownish black subterminal rings; tibiae and tarsi pale brownish yellow with tips brownish black. Hairs on legs brownish black. Wing (fig. 64) grayish white; all cells with numerous small pale gray spots; slightly larger and darker spots at base of cell Sc, middle area of cell Sc, origin of Rs, fork of Sc, fork of Rs and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7 mm long, white with knob darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 62). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 65–67). Posterior margin of tergite nine gently emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to an apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation relatively long with six spines immediately beyond midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Body length 6.5–7.0 mm, wing length 6.5–7.0 mm. Similar to male, but flagellomeres peach-shaped. Cercus and hypogynial valve brownish yellow.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Beijing, Xiaolongmen (1300 m), 2012. VI. 23, Xuankun Li. Paratypes: 13 males 30 females (CAU), same data as holotype. 2 males 4 females (CAU), China: Beijing, Mt. Song (900 m), 2012. VI. 27, Wang Liang. 1 male 1 female (CAU), China: Hebei, Mt.Baishi, 2012. VII. 15, Yang Li.</p><p>Distribution. China (Beijing, Hebei).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the six pairs of branches on flagellomeres of male antenna (from Latin sejugus =sexjugatus meaning “six-paired”).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) reductispina Savchenko, 1983 from Russia in having similar clouds and venation of wing, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the male antenna (fig. 63) with six bipectinate. In R. (R.) reductispina, the male antenna has ten bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 57).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFCF2523FF3AEE99FA53FDA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC92523FF3AEC81FA91FACC.text	03C387D7FFC92523FF3AEC81FA91FACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander 1913	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1913</p><p>(Fig. 68)</p><p>Rhipidia pulchra septentrionis Alexander, 1913: 206 . Type locality: Tokyo (Japan).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna not pectinate (Alexander 1920). Wing pale grey with numerous small and faint grey spots and some dark spots; Sc1 ending just distad of midlength of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines (Alexander 1966).</p><p>Description. Male. Wing length 7.5 mm.</p><p>Wing (fig. 68) pale grey; all cells with numerous small and faint grey spots; some dark spots at origin of Rs, fork of Rs, fork of R1 and sub-tip of A2, no larger spot on costal region; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending just distad of midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), Japan: Tokyo, 1912. IV. 25, S. I. Kuwana and assistants. One wing is mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. The rest of the specimen was not found.</p><p>Distribution. China (East, Jiangxi); Russia, Japan.</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1920, 1966). This species is similar to R. (R.) pulchra de Meijere, 1904 from Indonesia, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the unusually long rostral spines near midlength of rostral prolongation (Alexander 1966). In R. (R.) pulchra, the rostral spines are shorter and placed near the tip of rostral prolongation (de Meijere 1911; Alexander 1966).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC92523FF3AEC81FA91FACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFC92522FF3AE964FAB6FD83.text	03C387D7FFC92522FF3AE964FAB6FD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) servilis (Alexander 1932) Alexander 1932	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) servilis (Alexander, 1932)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) servilis Alexander, 1932: 248 . Type locality: La Lun Mountains, Davao, Mindanao (Philippines).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with six bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe. Wing grayish white; all cells with numerous pale gray spots; costal region with five or six dark areas; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with four rostral spines.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), Philippines: Mindanao, Davao district, La Lun Mountains (1676 m), 1930. XII. 31, Clagg. The right antenna, left wing, one leg and hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. The right hind leg is still attached to the body, the remaining four are absent. Other material: 8 males (CAU), Taiwan: Yilan, Yuanshan, Fushan Plant Park (24°45'15"N 121°36'45"E, 635 m), 2010. XI. 12, Ding Yang.</p><p>Distribution. China (Taiwan); Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. For descriptions and illustrations of this species, see Alexander (1932) and Zhang et al. (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFC92522FF3AE964FAB6FD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFCB2520FF3AEE99FB03FDFE.text	03C387D7FFCB2520FF3AEE99FB03FDFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) shennongjiensis	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) shennongjiensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 69–74)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe. Wing grayish white with numerous partially combined pale brown spots; spots along anterior margin dark; Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Male hypopygium with three long rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 5.0 mm, wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 70). Black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head black. Antenna 1.5 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish black, flagellomeres one to ten pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish black, remaining flagellomeres brownish black. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to nine inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fifth flagellomere and nearly twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; tenth flagellomere with single short branch; eleventh flagellomeres enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brownish black with black hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 69). General brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brownish black. Prescutum, scutum, scutellum and mediotergite brown. Pleuron brown with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe extending from cervical region to base of abdomen. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brown; trochanters pale yellow; femora yellow with tips brownish yellow; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 71) grayish white; all cells with numerous partially combined pale brown spots; spots along anterior margin dark; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.7 mm long, white with knobs darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 69). Tergites and sternites brownish black. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 72–74). Posterior margin of tergite 9 emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to an apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation relatively long with three long spines near midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Hubei, Shennongjia Forest Region, Pingqian, 2007. VII. 25, Qifei Liu.</p><p>Distribution. China (Hubei).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality Shennongjia.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) triarmata (Alexander, 1930) from China, but it can be separated from the latter by the pleuron being brown with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe (fig. 69), the wing spots being partially combined, and Sc1 ending near midlength of Rs (fig. 71). In R. (R.) triarmata, the pleuron is brownish yellow without conspicuous stripe (fig. 86), the wing spots are mostly combined and almost obliterating lighter areas, and Sc1 ends near one-third length of Rs (fig. 89). In addition, its rostral prolongation (figs. 72–74) is somewhat stouter and shorter than that in R. (R.) triarmata (fig. 90).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFCB2520FF3AEE99FB03FDFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFCA251FFF3AECB7FE4FFE65.text	03C387D7FFCA251FFF3AECB7FE4FFE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) spinosa	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) spinosa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 75–80)</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brown with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe. Wing pale gray with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark; Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with seven or eight rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 76). Brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Hairs on head brown. Antenna 1.6 mm long. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellomeres one to eleven pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brown, remaining flagellomeres brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to eight inclusive with two branches which are the longest at fourth or fifth flagellomere and one-half longer than corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres nine to eleven with single branches (longest at ninth flagellomere and nearly as long as corresponding flagellomere); terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Labellum and palpus brown with brown hairs.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 75). Generally brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum and prescutum brown. Scutum brown, middle area paler, each lobe with pale yellow spot. Scutellum and mediotergite brown. Pleuron brown with a indistinct brownish black longitudinal stripe extending from cervical region to base of abdomen. Hairs on thorax white. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters pale yellow; femora and tibiae brownish yellow with tips darker; tarsi brownish yellow. Hairs on legs brown. Wing (fig. 77) pale gray; all cells with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark: spot over basal of cell Sc, over middle area of cell Sc, over fork of Sc and origin of Rs, and over R2 and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.8 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 75). Tergites and sternites brown to brownish yellow. Hairs on abdomen white.</p><p>Hypopygium (figs. 78–80). Posterior margin of tergite nine gently emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation small with seven or eight spines immediately beyond midlength, lengths of spines very unequal, the longest one about three times as long as the shortest. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Body length 6.5 mm, wing length 7.3 mm. Similar to male, but flagellomeres peach-shaped. Cercus and hypogynial valve yellow.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (CAU), China: Tibet, Linzhi, Bayizhen, Gadinggou, 2011. VIII. 1, Lihua Wang. Paratypes: 1 female (CAU), China: Tibet, Linzhi, 2012. IX; 2 males 3 females (CAU), China: Tibet, Lulang, 3800m, 2009. IX. 12, Sheng Maoling.</p><p>Distribution. China (Tibet).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the more spines on rostral prolongation than that in most other species (form Latin spinosus meaning “spinous”).</p><p>Remarks. This new species is somewhat similar to R. (R.) maculata Meigen, 1818 and R. (R.) synspilota (Alexander, 1935) from India in having a similar clouds of wing, but it can be easily distinguished from them by the male antenna with seven bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 76), Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs (fig. 77), and male hypopygium with seven or eight very unequal rostral spines (figs. 78–80). In R. (R.) maculata, the male antenna has nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 47), Sc1 ends just distad of origin of Rs (fig. 48), and the male hypopygium has six rostral spines (figs. 49–51). In R. (R.) synspilota, the male antenna also has nine bipectinate flagellomeres (fig. 83), Sc1 ends near one-fourth length of Rs (fig. 84), and the male hypopygium has only two rostral spines (fig. 85).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFCA251FFF3AECB7FE4FFE65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFF4251CFF3AEB81FB50FBAB.text	03C387D7FFF4251CFF3AEB81FB50FBAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) synspilota (Alexander 1935) Alexander 1935	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) synspilota (Alexander, 1935)</p><p>(Figs. 81–85)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) synspilota Alexander, 1935b: 548 . Type locality: Kaj-Nag range, Kashmir (India).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with nine bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow without conspicuous stripe. Wing pale gray with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark; Sc1 ending near one-fourth length of Rs; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with two rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 7.0 mm, wing length 8.0 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 82). Dark brown, dusted with grayish white. Antenna (fig. 83) about 1.8 mm long. Scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellomeres one to eleven grayish white with basal enlargements and branches dark brown, terminal flagellomere dark brown. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to ten inclusive with two branches which are the longest at sixth flagellomere and nearly twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; eleventh flagellomere with single branch nearly as long as corresponding flagellomere; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus dark brown.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 81). Generally brownish yellow, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brown. Prescutum brownish yellow with a brown median stripe. Scutum brownish yellow to brown. Scutellum and mediotergite brownish yellow. Pleuron brownish yellow. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters yellow; femora yellow with broad brown subterminal rings; tibiae yellow with tips brown; tarsi yellow to brownish yellow. Hairs on legs yellow to brownish yellow. Wing (fig. 84) pale gray; all cells with pale brown gray spots; four spots on costal region large and dark: over basal of cell Sc, over middle area of cell Sc, over fork of Sc and origin of Rs, and over R2 and tip of R1; veins pale yellow, darker in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-fourth length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.8 mm long, white with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen (fig. 81). Tergites and sternites brownish yellow.</p><p>Hypopygium (fig. 85). Posterior margin of tergite nine gently emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to an apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus large; rostral prolongation small with two spines near tip. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Body length 7.5 mm, wing length 8.5 mm. Similar to male, but flagellomeres peach-shaped. Abdomen darker. Cercus and hypogynial valve brownish black.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), India: Kashmir, Kaj-Nag range (2438 m), 1934. V. 26, Hutchinson. One antenna, one wing and hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. Three legs are still attached to the body, the remaining three legs are absent. Paratypes two females (one labeled as allotype), same data as holotype, pinned with holotype.</p><p>Distribution. China (Tibet); India, Myanmar.</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1935b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFF4251CFF3AEB81FB50FBAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
03C387D7FFF6251AFF3AEA8BFBA6FED8.text	03C387D7FFF6251AFF3AEA8BFBA6FED8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) triarmata (Alexander 1930) Alexander 1930	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) triarmata (Alexander, 1930)</p><p>(Figs. 86–90)</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) triarmata Alexander, 1930: 514 . Type locality: Hassensan, Taiwan (China).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres. Pleuron brownish yellow without conspicuous stripe. Wing grayish white with mostly combined brown spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas; spots along anterior margin darker and on wing tip relatively dispersed; Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Lobe of gonostylus with three rostral spines.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 6.0 mm, wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head (fig. 87). Brownish black, dusted with grayish white. Antenna (fig. 88) about 1.7 mm long. Scape and pedicel brownish black, flagellomeres one to nine pale yellow with basal enlargements and branches brownish black, remaining flagellomeres brownish black. First flagellomere stout basally; each of flagellomeres two to nine inclusive with two branches which are the longest at sixth flagellomere and nearly twice as long as corresponding flagellomere; flagellomeres ten and eleven enlarged but not pectinate; terminal flagellomere longated, exceeding penultimate. Proboscis and palpus brownish black.</p><p>Thorax (fig. 86). Generally brownish yellow to brown, dusted with grayish white. Pronotum brown. Prescutum brownish yellow with three brown stripes. Scutum, scutellum and mediotergite brownish yellow to brown. Pleuron brownish yellow. Coxae brownish yellow; trochanters pale yellow; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Wing (fig. 89) grayish white; all cells with mostly combined brown spots; combined spots very extensive and almost obliterating lighter areas; spots along anterior margin darker and on wing tip relatively dispersed; veins brown. Venation: Sc1 ending near one-third length of Rs, Sc2 near its tip; basal section of CuA1 proximad of fork of M. Halter 0.8 mm long, pale yellow with knob slightly darker.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites and sternites brownish black.</p><p>Hypopygium (fig. 90). Posterior margin of tergite nine gently emarginate. Gonocoxite with a single simple ventromesal lobe. Clasper of gonostylus arched at 2/3 length, suddenly narrowed to an apical spine. Lobe of gonostylus moderate-sized; rostral prolongation long with three long spines near midlength. Paramere with mesoapical lobe blackened, tip acute.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Specimens examined. Holotype male (USNM), China: Taiwan, Hassensan (1372–1829 m), 1929. VIII. 30, S. Issiki. One antenna, one wing, one leg and abdomen including hypopygium are mounted on a similarly labeled microscope slide. The remaining five legs are still attached to the body.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Jiangxi, Taiwan); Russia, Japan.</p><p>Remarks. For description and illustration of this species, also see Alexander (1930).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387D7FFF6251AFF3AEA8BFBA6FED8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Xiao;Li, Yan;Yang, Ding	Zhang, Xiao, Li, Yan, Yang, Ding (2014): A review of the genus Rhipidia Meigen from China, with descriptions of seven new species (Diptera, Limoniidae). Zootaxa 3764 (3): 201-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3764.3.2
