taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C08789C5334F6CFF62D6C78E7AFBA6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. For genus description and diagnosis, see Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) and Dankittipakul et al. (2011). Type species: Sphingius thecatus Thorell, 1890, by monotypy.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5334F6BFF62D12F89F9FB15.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 4	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5334F6BFF62D12F89F9FB15.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. S. barkudensis: lectotype Ƌ (here designated) and paralectotypes 2 ♀ from INDIA: Odisha (formerly Orissa): Ganjam: Chilika Lake (= Chilka Lake): Barkuda Island (formerly part of Madras Presidency) (19 ° 33 ’ 12.7 ’’ N, 85 ° 08 ’ 47.2 ’’ E), 13 m a. s. l., leg. F. H. Gravely, 3 – 19 August 1919, deposited in NZC-ZSI (no register number), examined. S. delakharae: holotype ♀ from INDIA: Madhya Pradesh: Chhindwara: Delakhari (22 ° 25 ’ 26.4 ’’ N, 78 ° 36 ’ 42.3 ’’ E), 558 m a. s. l., leg. Atul K. Bodkhe, 15 August 2017, deposited in SRL JDPSM (no register number), not examined. Paratype Ƌ, same as holotype, not examined. The colour images provided in the original description (Pawaria et al. 2018: figs 2.5, 7 – 8, 4.7, 9 – 10) are diagnostic and were used for comparison. Other material examined. INDIA: Kerala: Thrissur, Chimmony Wildlife Sanctuary, 10 ° 25 ’ 06.80 ’’ N, 76 ° 32 ’ 07.25 ’’ E, 709 m a. s. l., 23 July 2013, leg. M. S. Pradeep, from ground, by hand: 1 subadult Ƌ, 2 ♀, 1 juvenile (ADSH 562701). Ernakulam, Illithodu, 10 ° 11 ’ 55.94 ’’ N, 76 ° 33 ’ 00.57 ’’ E, 24 m a. s. l., 25 February 2014, leg. M. S. Pradeep, from ground, by hand: 3 Ƌ, 5 ♀ (ADSH 562702).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5334F6BFF62D12F89F9FB15.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sphingius barkudensis are closely related to S. penicillus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, but can be separated by the following features: males by long, straight retrolateral tibial apophysis without basal tuft of setae (retrolateral tibial apophysis of S. penicillus short, stout with apical curvature and with basal tuft of setae), median tegular apophysis with triangular prolateral process (median tegular apophysis of S. penicillus with spine-like anterior process) and medially originating and straight embolus (S. penicillus with prolaterally originating and curved embolus); females by short, stout copulatory ducts, which are long, slender and inverted U-shaped in S. penicillus (compare Figs 3 I, K, 4 A – B, D with Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: figs 848 – 851).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5334F6BFF62D12F89F9FB15.taxon	description	Redescription. Male (ADSH 562702; Fig. 3 A, C – H). Carapace, eye region, chelicerae, fangs, opisthosoma, pedipalpal segments brownish; clypeus, endites, labium, leg segments, spinnerets yellowish-brown; opisthosoma dorsally provided with paired anterior and median white spots. Carapace shiny, sparsely covered with erect black hairs, with prominent intercoxal discs; cephalic groove less prominent; thoracic part rebordered, with irregularly scattered black smudges. Fovea longitudinal, straight, reddish. AME black, others pearly white. Clypeus provided with a single row of erect setae. Chilum prominent, inverted triangular. Chelicerae baso-retrolaterally provided with a bunch of long narrow hairs, with an elongated, unmodified shaggy / bent hair originating near the base of fang (Fig. 3 F – H, arrow 2: Sh); promargin with four teeth, retromargin with two denticles, middle promarginal teeth largest (Fig. 3 H); promargin bordered by a series of long hairs with ventrally oriented tips and are smaller than the shaggy / bent hair (Fig. 3 F); fangs moderately long. Endites with reduced scopulae. Sternum rebordered, with coxal and intercoxal extensions, with setae at margins (Fig. 3 E). Metatarsi III and IV provided with distal preening brush, that on III prominent (Fig. 3 D, arrow 1). Pedicel encircled with collar (Fig. 3 C). Opisthosoma tubular, with complete dorsal scutum, ventral scutum smaller than dorsum (Fig. 3 A, C); venter medially depressed (Fig. 3 C). Anal tubercle prominent (Fig. 3 C). Spinnerets basally encircled with black hairs. Body length 5.08. Carapace length 2.23, width 1.78. Opisthosoma length 2.85, width 1.51. Eye diameters: ALE 0.13, AME 0.10, PLE 0.08, PME 0.11. Eye interdistances: ALE – PLE 0.06, AME – ALE 0.01, AME – AME 0.04, AME – PME 0.11, PME – PLE 0.05, PME – PME 0.05. Chelicerae length 0.83. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.09, at AMEs 0.13. Chilum length 0.06, width 0.26. Measurements of pedipalp and legs. Pedipalp 2.12 [0.69, 0.37, 0.32, 0.74], I 6.82 [1.89, 0.96, 1.54, 1.35, 1.08], II 5.74 [1.56, 0.82, 1.16, 1.22, 0.98], III 4.79 [1.30, 0.69, 0.91, 1.10, 0.79], IV 7.76 [2.01, 0.84, 1.73, 2.08, 1.10]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination: pedipalp: femur do 1, patella pl 1 do 1, tibia pl 1 pld 2 do 1 rld 1, tarsus / cymbium pld 1 plv 3 do 1 rl 1 rlv 1; legs: femur I pl 1 do 1, II – III do 1, IV do 2; patellae I – IV spineless; tibiae I – II spineless, III pl 1 pld 3 plv 1 rl 1 rld 1 rlv 3, IV pl 2 plv 3 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsi I – II spineless, III pl 1 plv 1 rl 1 rlv 1, IV pl 2 plv 4 rl 2 rlv 2; tarsi I – IV spineless. Pedipalp (Figs 3 I, 4 A – B). Retrolateral tibial apophysis long, gradually narrowing towards blunt apex (Fig. 4 B: RTA). Cymbium dorsally with dense mat of hairs (Fig. 4 B, arrow). Bulbous roughly ovoid, longitudinally divided, 2 / 3 rd of retrolateral part less sclerotised. Median tegular apophysis sclerotised, roughly roundish with prolateral triangular process, situated disto-retrolaterally (Fig. 4 A – B: MA, PP). Accessory tegular apophysis apparently absent. Embolus postero-medially originating, narrow, slightly wavy, with broad embolic base, with blunt tip, directed at 9 o’clock ventrally (Fig. 4 A: E, EB). Conductor thin, wide, membranous, lamellate, originating disto-medially (Fig. 4 A – B: C). Female (ADSH 562702; Fig. 3 B). Like male except the following: cheliceral promargin with three teeth. Sternum with less prominent intercoxal extensions. Opisthosoma elongate-ovoid without scuta, creamy with black shades dorsally and laterally; dorsum with four pairs of white spots: one anterior, one median and two posteriors, with a large white patch just above anal tubercle. Leg segments brownish with black shades. Pedicel lacks collar. Palp with single claw. Body length 5.68. Carapace length 2.36, width 1.97. Opisthosoma length 3.32, width 1.71. Eye diameters: ALE 0.13, AME 0.10, PLE 0.12, PME 0.11. Eye interdistances: ALE – PLE 0.06, AME – ALE 0.02, AME – AME 0.03, AME – PME 0.09, PME – PLE 0.07, PME – PME 0.06. Chelicerae length 0.86. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.05, at AMEs 0.09. Chilum length 0.03, width 0.19. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 2.39 [0.81, 0.45, 0.46, 0.67], I 7.08 [1.95, 1.13, 1.53, 1.38, 1.09], II 5.84 [1.65, 0.89, 1.24, 1.16, 0.90], III 5.20 [1.42, 0.77, 0.97, 1.28, 0.76], IV 8.91 [2.33, 1.14, 1.85, 2.27, 1.32]. Leg formula: 4123. Spination: palp: femur do 1 v 3, patella pl 1 do 1, tibia pl 1 pld 2 do 2, tarsus / cymbium pl 2 pld 1 plv 1 do 1 rl 1 rlv 1; legs: femur I pl 1 do 1, II – III do 1, IV do 2; patellae I – IV spineless; tibiae I – II do 1, III pl 2 plv 3 do 1 rl 2 rlv 2, IV pl 2 plv 3 rl 2 rlv 3; metatarsi I – II spineless, III pl 1 plv 2 rl 1 rlv 1, IV pl 1 pld 2 plv 3 v 1 rl 2 rlv 2; tarsi I – IV spineless. Genitalia (Figs 3 J – K, 4 C – D). Epigynum with a small anterior, sclerotised hood, with membranous epigynal plate (Fig. 4 C: AH, EP). Copulatory openings crescent-shaped, medio-laterally placed (Fig. 4 C: CO). Copulatory ducts short, stout, with slight median constriction, connected to outer surface of spermathecae (Fig. 4 D: CD). Bursae globular with slender stalks, originating on median portion of copulatory ducts (Fig. 4 D: B). Spermathecae spherical, situated posteriorly (Fig. 4 D: S). Fertilization ducts long, spine-like (Fig. 4 D: FD). Justification for the synonymy. Pawaria et al. (2018) described S. delakharae on the basis of seven female and one male specimen collected in Madhya Pradesh. Even though we could not examine the type specimens of this species, the colour images of the genitalia provided in the original description are diagnostic and show that this species shares the features of S. barkudensis: long, straight retrolateral tibial apophysis, medially oriented narrow embolus, round median tegular apophysis with anterior triangular process, epigynum with a single anterior hood and vulva with short copulatory ducts and globular spermathecae (compare Figs 3 I – K, 4 A – D with Pawaria et al. 2018: figs 2.7 – 8, 4.9 – 10). Based on these observations, we propose S. delakharae a junior synonym of S. barkudensis. The ZSI collection has two glass bottles for S. barkudensis. The first bottle is labelled as “ Types ” (5754 / H 2) and contains a male and a female specimens in fairly good condition. The female genitalia were intact whereas the left pedipalp of the male was detached, but was not found inside the bottle. The second bottle (1770 / 18) contains five females with intact genitalia, two female prosoma and two juveniles, all in fairly good condition.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5344F6AFF62D1BE8C99FE7B.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5344F6AFF62D1BE8C99FE7B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Type ♀ from INDIA: Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry): Mahé / Mayyazhi (formerly in Malabar district) (11 ° 42 ’ 00.97 ’’ N, 75 ° 32 ’ 32.94 ’’ E), 12 m a. s. l., leg. M. M. Maindron, 1901, repository unknown, possibly MNHN, Paris (register number unknown), not examined. Gravely (1931) provided illustrations of authentically identified male and female specimens and were used for comparison.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5344F6AFF62D1BE8C99FE7B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to the original illustrations (Gravely 1931: fig. 19 J – K, herein Fig. 5 A – B), this species may be a senior synonym of S. barkudensis. However, confirmation requires examination of the type or topotype materials of S. bilineatus.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes (1 adult ♀ and 1 juvenile ♀) from INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Coromandel coast: Villupuram: Gingee / Senji (12 ° 15 ’ 09.33 ’’ N, 79 ° 25 ’ 00.52 ’’ E), 87 m a. s. l., leg. M. M. Maindron, 1901, deposited in MNHN (17599), not examined. Dankittipakul et al. (2011: figs 38 – 39) illustrated the syntype female epigynum, which is diagnostic.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F6AFF62D76C8C79FAB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of S. caniceps seem closely related to the females of S. vivax (Thorell, 1897), but can be separated from the latter by a circular epigynal atrium (oval in S. vivax) and a wide plate-like anterior epigynal hood (triangular in S. vivax) (compare fig. 4 with fig. 38 in Dankittipakul et al. 2011). Note. In his original description, Simon (1906) mentioned the type locality of S. caniceps as “ Côte de Coromandel: Genji ” (see also Dankittipakul et al. 2011). The place with the spelling ‘ Genji’ is a village in the Dungarpur district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. However, the Coromandel Coast is the southeastern coastal region of the Indian subcontinent that forms a part of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. There is a place with the spelling “ Gingee ” in the Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. So, it can be concluded that the type locality of S. caniceps should be “ Gingee ”, which is in Tamil Nadu, and not “ Genji ” in Rajasthan (see also Majumder & Tikader 1991). Moreover, M. M. Maindron collected this species during his expedition to southern India in 1901, which also confirms “ Gingee ” as its type locality. Gravely (1931) and Majumder and Tikader (1991) misidentified their specimens as S. caniceps, but they do in fact belong to an undescribed Sphingius species (see below). Male. Unknown.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5.taxon	description	Fig. 6	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype Ƌ from INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris: Kundah (not Kundahs): (11 ° 15 ’ 46.41 ’’ N, 76 ° 37 ’ 59.98 ’’ E), 1856 m a. s. l., leg. Barnes, 24 September – 3 October 1925, deposited in NZC-ZSI (no register number), examined (Fig. 6 G).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of S. nilgiriensis seem closely related to the males of S. superbus Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop, 2011, but can easily be separated from the latter by group of bristles located on the proximal part of ventral scutum which are restricted to the rear end of the posterior margin of ventral scutum in S. superbus (compare Fig. 6 D with Dankittipakul et al. 2011: fig. 5). Supplementary description. Male (Fig. 6 A – D). Dorsal scutum covering almost entire length of opisthosoma; ventral scutum smaller than dorsal scutum, less sclerotized; posterior half of venter medially bears group of bristles (Fig. 6 D). Body length 5.26. Carapace length 2.33, width 1.85. Opisthosoma length 2.93, width 1.34. Eye diameters: ALE 0.11, AME 0.06, PLE 0.09, PME 0.08. Eye interdistances: ALE – PLE 0.09, AME – ALE 0.03, AME – AME 0.05, AME – PME 0.10, PME – PLE 0.08, PME – PME 0.05. Chelicerae length 0.79. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.07, at AMEs 0.08. Measurements of pedipalp and legs. Pedipalp 1.88 [0.73, 0.32, 0.29, 0.54], I 5.74 [1.59, 0.85, 1.30, 1.10, 0.90], II 4.88 [1.50, 0.78, 1.07, 0.97, 0.56], III 4.56 [1.23, 0.69, 0.84, 1.06, 0.74], IV 7.32 [2.03, 0.96, 1.58, 1.83, 0.92]. Leg formula: 4123. Pedipalp (Fig. 6 E – F, H): retrolateral tibial apophysis short, broad at base, gradually narrowing towards apex (Fig. 6 F: RTA). Accessory tegular apophysis short, flat, angular in retrolateral view (Fig. 6 E: TA). Embolus moderately long, thin, with blunt tip (Fig. 6 E: E). Median tegular apophysis large, with retrolateral process with truncated apex (Fig. 6 E: MA). Conductor apparently absent. Female. Unknown. Note. In his original description, Gravely (1931) mentioned that the most conspicuous feature of S. nilgiriensis was a white membraneous structure in its pedipalp. It is, in fact, the haematodocha of the expanded pedipalp (Fig. 6 E: H).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5354F64FF62D01B8913FEF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ZSI collection has one glass bottle for this species labelled as “ Type ” (1514 / 18), containing a male specimen in fairly good condition, with broken legs and with intact pedipalps.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53B4F67FF62D4C18E73FC11.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53B4F67FF62D4C18E73FC11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of S. paltaensis are closely related to the females of S. spinosus Dankittipakul, Tavano & Singtripop, 2011, but can be separated by circular atrium (quadrangular in S. spinosus) and sharply curved copulatory ducts (gently curved in S. spinosus) (compare Fig. 7 C – D with Dankittipakul et al. 2011: figs 25 – 26). Supplementary description. Female (Fig. 7 A – B). Body length 6.46. Carapace length 2.76, width 2.30. Opisthosoma length 3.70, width 2.00. Eye diameters: ALE 0.14. AME 0.10. PLE 0.11. PME 0.15. Eye interdistances: ALE – PLE 0.07. AME – ALE 0.04. AME – AME 0.06. AME – PME 0.08. PME – PLE 0.06. PME – PME 0.07. Chelicerae length 0.96. Clypeus height at ALEs 0.07, at AMEs 0.13. Measurements of palp and legs. Palp 3.00 [0.93, 0.58, 0.59, 0.90], I 8.38 [2.38, 1.23, 1.90, 1.48, 1.39], II 6.52 [1.72, 0.87, 1.39, 1.36, 1.18], III 6.17 [1.66, 0.93, 1.18, 1.39, 1.01], IV 9.17 [2.74, 1.19, 1.96, 2.41, 0.87]. Leg formula: 4123. Genitalia (Fig. 7 C – D, F): epigynal plate moderately sclerotized. Atrium large, nearly circular, with wide anterior hood (Fig. 7 C). Copulatory openings situated on postero-lateral margin of epigynal atrium. Copulatory ducts short, curving medially (Fig. 7 D). Bursae globular, with indistinct stalks, arising on distal part of copulatory ducts (Fig. 7 D). Spermathecae large, more or less pear-shaped, lying parallel to each other (Fig. 7 D). Fertilization ducts more or less linear-shaped, directed mesally towards each other (Fig. 7 D). Male. Unknown.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53B4F67FF62D4C18E73FC11.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ZSI collection has one glass bottle for this species labelled as ‘ holotype’ (5046 / 18) containing a female specimen with broken legs, otherwise in good condition. The same bottle has a small glass vial containing the dissected genitalia. There is an inconsistency in the registration number of this species; the label mentions it as ‘ 5406 / 18 ’, but in the original literature, it is given as ‘ 5046 / 18 ’.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F67FF62D6BA8952F9DE.taxon	description	Figs 8 – 9	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F67FF62D6BA8952F9DE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ƌ and ♀ (NZC-ZSI 5751 / H 2) from INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Chennai (formerly Madras), 13 ° 04 ’ 57.65 ’’ N, 80 ° 16 ’ 14.59 ’’ E, 4 m a. s. l., date unknown, leg. F. H. Gravely (Fig. 8 E).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F67FF62D6BA8952F9DE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Gravely (1931) misidentified these specimens as S. caniceps and they do in fact belong to an undescribed Sphingius species. The female epigynum seems unique among other known female congeners, as it possesses inverted triangular postero-lateral epigynal margins separated medially from the anterior circular atrium by a transverse M-shaped plate (Fig. 9 E). At present, a description of these specimens as a new species is difficult, due to the very poor condition and the genitalia are bleached, losing relevant diagnostic details, particularly those of the male. We therefore treat this species as Sphingius sp. until fresh specimens are available from Chennai. The ZSI collection has two glass bottles for this species named as “ S. caniceps ”, collected from Chennai. The first bottle (5751 / H 2) contains a male and a female specimen in bad condition. The second bottle (5752 / H 2) is empty; the specimen (s) in this bottle may either be lost or perhaps loaned and not returned or misplaced elsewhere in the collection. Natural history. Sphingius sp. live among leaf litter, stones and soil (Gravely 1931).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F60FF62D2DF8EEAFEF5.taxon	description	Figs 10 – 11	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F60FF62D2DF8EEAFEF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype Ƌ from INDIA: Kerala: Palakkad: Pattambi (formerly in Malabar district): beside the traveller’s bungalow, leg. F. H. Gravely, 24 – 28 May 1930, deposited in NZC-ZSI (no register number), examined (Fig. 10 E). Justification of the transfer. Detailed examination of the syntype of S. longipes Gravely, 1931 revealed that it has the typical somatic morphology for Cithaeronidae Simon, 1893 (Fig. 10 A – D) and the diagnostic features of the monotypic cithaeronid genus Inthaeron Platnick, 1991, as illustrated for Inthaeron rossi Platnick, 1991, the type species of the genus: highly coiled embolus, and embolus with a fringed flange (compare Fig. 11 A – C with Platnick & Gajbe 1994: figs 1 – 3). Based on these observations, we propose to transfer S. longipes to Inthaeron.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F60FF62D2DF8EEAFEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of I. longipes comb. nov. can be separated from the male of I. rossi by the following combination of features: broad retrolateral tibial apophysis (narrow in I. rossi), fringed flange with a prolateral twist (fringed flange with retrolateral twist in I. rossi) and absence of a median apophysis (I. rossi with highly reduced median apophysis) (compare Figs 10 F and 11 A – C with Platnick & Gajbe 1994: figs 1 – 3). Females can be separated from the females of I. rossi by an anteriorly oriented long, median tongue-like plate (Fig. 10 F), which is absent in the latter species (Gravely 1931; Platnick 1991: fig. 21). Note. With the transfer of S. longipes, the total number of known Inthaeron species is increased to two, I. rossi and I. longipes comb. nov.; both species are known from both sexes.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C5384F60FF62D2DF8EEAFEF5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ZSI collection has one glass bottle for this species labelled as “ Type ” (1513 / 18), containing a male specimen in good condition, with intact pedipalps. Gravely (1931) also described the female of this species (Fig. 10 F), but we could not trace any female specimen in the collection.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53C4F63FF62D0028F23F85F.taxon	description	Figs 12 – 13	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53C4F63FF62D0028F23F85F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntype Ƌ from INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: about 50 miles north-west of Chennai: Kambakam Hills (13 ° 34 ’ 03.5 ’’ N, 79 ° 50 ’ 29.1 ’’ E), 609 – 702 m (2000 – 2500 ft) a. s. l., leg. F. H. Gravely, 28 – 31 August 1922, deposited in NZC-ZSI (no register number), examined (Fig. 12 F). Justification of the transfer. Detailed examination of the syntype of S. kambakamensis Gravely, 1931 revealed that the pedipalp of this species is similar to that of the corinnid genus Cambalida Simon, 1909, as illustrated for C. deorsa Murthappa, Prajapati, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016 and C. tuma Murthappa, Prajapati, Sankaran & Sebastian, 2016 (compare Figs 12 C – E, 13 A – C with Murthappa et al. 2016: figs 2 A – C, 3 A – C). Based on these observations, we propose to transfer S. kambakamensis to Cambalida.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53C4F63FF62D0028F23F85F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species seems very close to C. deorsa, but can be separated from the latter by its embolic tip, which is slightly curved, while in C. deorsa it is straight (compare Fig. 13 B – C with Murthappa et al. 2016: figs 2 C, 3 C).	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
03C08789C53C4F63FF62D0028F23F85F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The ZSI collection has one glass bottle for this species labelled as “ Type ” (5753 / H 2) containing a male specimen in fairly good condition, with broken legs. Both of its pedipalps are remained detached, but only the left one is found inside the bottle.	en	Sankaran, Pradeep M., Caleb, John T. D., Sebastian, Pothalil A. (2020): A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 4896 (4): 505-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.4.3
