identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2.text	03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma (sect. Scleroderma) sect. Scleroderma	<div><p>(1) Scleroderma sect. Scleroderma</p><p>≡ Scleroderma sect. Aculeatispora Guzmán, Ciencia (México) 25: 198 (1967)</p><p>Type species:— Scleroderma verrucosum (Bull.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 154 (1801)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata usually small, less than 50 mm in diameter, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, less than 1 mm in thickness, turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin, flaky squamules. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually absent.</p><p>Notes:— Most of those Scleroderma species having been known as poisonous are currently recognized in this section (Figs. 1 &amp; 2; see section Discussion for details).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.text	03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb.	<div><p>(1.1) Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb.,</p><p>Sylvae Mycologicae Berolinenses (Berlin): 27 (1818)</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 25–36 mm in diameter, 17–22 mm in height including a stipe 6–10 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor indistinct; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.2–0.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3) to pale earthy orange (#F8E8C4), turning reddish to brownish after damaged, with thin, flaky, dirty milky brown (#B7A48D) to coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/1/1} (12) 12.5–16.5 (18.5) [14.04 ± 1.27, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 1–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–4 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Japan &amp; South Korea), Europe (Belgium, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Spain &amp; UK), North America (Canada, Mexico &amp; USA) and South America (Brazil) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collection examined:— China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 285 -S 23105 (HTBM0348).</p><p>Notes:— As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), this species is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, North America and South America.</p><p>This species is recorded as poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder, in a recent checklist of poisonous mushrooms in China (Bau et al. 2024). It is notable that a species identified as “ Scleroderma cf. areolatum ” was detected in a serious mushroom poisoning incident on June 12, 2022 in Yunnan Province of China, causing the poisoning of nine patients, wherein two were dead (Li et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.text	03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma capeverdeanum M. P. Martin, M. Duenas & Telleria	<div><p>(1.2) Scleroderma capeverdeanum M.P. Martín, M. Dueñas &amp; Tellería, in Crous et al.,</p><p>Persoonia 36: 413 (2016)</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 12–20 mm in diameter, 7–15 mm in height including a stipe 2–7 mm long, subglobose; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25–0.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky, coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/2/1} 9.5–11.5 (12) [10.84 ± 0.68, 11.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2.5–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Asparagaceae, Gentianaceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Japan &amp; India), Europe (Spain), South America (Brazil), Africa (Cameroon, Cape Verde &amp; Senegal) and Oceania (Australia) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collection examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Jinping District, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 3 m, June 24, 2023, Z. H. Zhang, ZhangZH61-S23287 (HTBM0998).</p><p>Notes:— As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), S. capeverdeanum is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, South America, Africa and Oceania. Several collections labeled as “ S. albidum ” from Brazil, India and Spain clustered with S. capeverdeanum collections are regarded as misidentifications here, because the basidiospores from the holotype of S. albidum is significantly larger than those of S. capeverdeanum (Guzmán et al. 2013).</p><p>According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.</p><p>This is the first report of S. capeverdeanum in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.text	03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma cepa Pers.	<div><p>(1.3) Scleroderma cepa Pers.,</p><p>Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 155 (1801)</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 28–54 mm in diameter, 23–33 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor unknown; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1–2.5 (3) mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), lotus-root orange (#F5E9D9) to butter orange (#F2DF8F), usually without a color change after damaged or turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky, concolorous or dull dirty orange (#EBD087) to light brown (#B39966) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/2/2} 12.5–16 (17.5) [14.26 ± 1.17, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 1–2 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Juglandaceae and Pinaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, South Korea &amp; Thailand), Europe (Germany, Poland, Portugal &amp; UK) and North America (Mexico &amp; USA) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Chongqing Municipality, Bishan District, exact location unknown, June 7, 2023, Huan Wang, Kun L. Yang et al., S23123 (HTBM0366). China, Sichuan Province, Guang’an City, Linshui County, exact location unknown, June 19, 2023, Zhi Ci Liu Nian, Kun L. Yang et al., S23171 (HTBM0414).</p><p>Notes:— As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), this species is widely distributed across Asia, Europe and North America. Several collections labeled as “ Scleroderma laeve ” from Asian countries (China, Japan &amp; South Korea) clustered with S. cepa collections (Fig. 1) are regarded as misidentifications here, because S. laeve is originally known from Africa and Europe (Lloyd 1916) but without collections from these regions for support in the current phylogeny. Even if S. cepa and S. laeve are synonymized with each other, S. cepa should be adopted on account of the priority.</p><p>Scleroderma cepa is a distinct member of the sect. Scleroderma that shows larger basidiomata with a relatively thick peridium. It is poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder (Bau et al. 2024). Given its macromorphology so similar to the edible species S. yunnanense, this species has been frequently misidentified as the latter and accidently eaten by the public in China. According to the data from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, S. cepa did cause at least 24 mushroom poisoning incidents involving at least 82 patients in the recent five years (2019–2023) in China (Yang et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.text	03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma nastii Raut	<div><p>(1.4) Scleroderma nastii Raut, in Raut, Basukala, Shrestha &amp; Poudel,</p><p>Studies in Fungi 5(1): 53 (2020)</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 10–17 mm in diameter, 16–25 mm in height including a stipe 6–9 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor unknown; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC) to lotus-root orange (#F5E9D9), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky to felty, meat brown (#D7B19D) to beaver brown (#9D7B69) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/3/3} (8) 8.5–10 (11) [9.56 ± 0.68, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 0.5–1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5–5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3.5–10 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5–6.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae and Pinaceae (Cho et al. 2022) . Currently known from Asia (China, Nepal, Pakistan &amp; South Korea) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.86472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.05611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.86472/lat 32.05611)">Zijinshan Mountain</a>, 32°03'22"N, 118°51'53"E, elevation 80 m, June 3, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia302-S23107 (HTBM0350); same location, June 19, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia333-S23169 (HTBM0412). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.86472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.05611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.86472/lat 32.05611)">Zijinshan Mountain</a>, 32°02'59"N, 118°51'13"E, elevation 59 m, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia497-S23363 (HTBM1474).</p><p>Notes:— Our collections from China (HTBM0350, HTBM0412 &amp; HTBM1474) and another two collections from South Korea (KA13-0718) and Pakistan (ANSW1) gathered by other researchers are very closely related to the holotype of S. nastii (KATH-FB11) from Nepal in the ITS sequence, so they are recognized as a single species in this study. The morphological description based on our collections is generally consistent with the protologue (Raut 2020) and a report from South Korea (Cho et al. 2022). This is the first report of S. nastii in China.</p><p>The above-mentioned collections, although all recognized as S. nastii, do establish a paraphyletic group clinging to the clade represented by four collections of another species, S. vinaceum (KUN-HKAS73723 (holotype), KUN-HKAS126617, 1188_TKK_mateba &amp; mOTU37), in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1). However, the clade of S. vinaceum shows homogeneous internal variation and is issued by a distinct branch representing a genetic difference of 1.16% with significant support, suggesting that the relationship between it and S. nastii is possibly unresolved.</p><p>According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.text	03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma pernicococcum Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(1.5) Scleroderma pernicococcum Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572384</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the possible toxicity of this little earthball fungus.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Scleroderma known in Asia by the tiny basidiomata producing a palely colored peridium.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Nansha District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.772778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5725/lat 22.772778)">Huangshanlu Forest Park</a>, a green belt along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.772778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5725/lat 22.772778)">Dengshan Rd.</a>, 22°46'22"N, 113°34'21"E, elevation 90 m, August 13, 2023, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, K23347 (HKAS145950, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059084; nrLSU: PV054217); HTBM1219, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata tiny, 3–6 mm in diameter, 3–6 mm in height, subglobose, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.2–0.5 mm thick, ceramic white (#FEFEFA) to merino white (#F9F5EC), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with thin, flaky to fibrous, concolorous to donkey brown (#AC9B87) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/2/1} 9.5–13.5 (14) [11.49 ± 1.24, 11.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 20–32 × 8–10 μm, clavate, four- to eight-spored, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2.5–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 2.5– 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Solitary to gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, India &amp; Pakistan) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.18111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35472/lat 23.18111)">South China National Botanical Garden</a>, 23°10'52"N, 113°21'17"E, elevation 50 m, June 14, 2023, Kun L. Yang, K23297 (HTBM0812). China, Guangdong Province, Foshan City, Nanhai District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.14083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.043055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.14083/lat 23.043055)">Leigang Park</a>, 23°02'35"N, 113°08'27"E, elevation 59 m, June 22, 2023, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, L2394 (HTBM0927).</p><p>Notes:— According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.text	03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma plutonium Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Zhen-Chao Liu & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(1.6) Scleroderma plutonium Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Zhen-Chao Liu &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572385</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the color of this fungus like the Pluto.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Scleroderma known in Asia by the tiny to small, yellowish to orangish basidiomata.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, August 21, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23481 (HKAS145949, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059135; nrLSU: PV054256); HTBM1592, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata tiny to small, 4–14 mm in diameter, 3–11 mm in height, subglobose, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25–0.5 mm thick, beach yellow (#F9F3C9) to pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with minute, dull dirty orange (#EBD087) to light brown (#B39966) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/1/1} 12–14.5 (15) [13.25 ± 0.76, 13.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with verrucose to echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Notes:— According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.text	03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma venenatum Y. Z. Zhang, C. Y. Sun & Hai J. Li	<div><p>(1.7) Scleroderma venenatum Y.Z. Zhang, C.Y. Sun &amp; Hai J. Li, in Zhang, Sun, Sun, Zhang, Zhang, Guo, Zhou, Zheng &amp; Li,</p><p>Phytotaxa 438(2): 113 (2020)</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 14–36 mm in diameter, 12–22 mm in height including a stipe 2–11 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC) to pale earthy orange (#F8E8C4), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with thin, flaky, flint brown (#736960) to coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, merino white (#F9F5EC), dull lavender purple (#75647A) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/4/4} (8.5) 9–14 (15) [11.10 ± 1.63, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5–6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae and Pinaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, Russia &amp; South Korea), Europe (Austria, France &amp; Italy) and North America (Mexico) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Hunan Province, Changsha City, exact location unknown, June 5, 2023, Wu-Ping Luo, Kun L. Yang et al., S2396 (HTBM0339). China, Guizhou Province, Qiannan Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Duyun City, in a forest dominated by plants of Fagaceae, exact location unknown, June 5, 2023, Jia-Xi Pan &amp; Kun L. Yang, S2398 (HTBM0341). China, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo City, Jiangbei District, Baoguo Temple Forest Park, exact location unknown, June 8, 2023, Bin Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23111 (HTBM0354). China, Hunan Province, Huaihua City, Zhongpo Forest Park, exact location unknown, June 12, 2023, Chang-Zhuo Liu &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23127 (HTBM0370). China, Sichuan Province, Dazhou City, Tongchuan District, Pujia Town, exact location unknown, June 14, 2023, Xian-Mei Yang &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23152 (HTBM0395). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, June 20, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia310-S23167 (HTBM0410). China, Shanghai Municipality, exact location unknown, June 29, 2023, Jia-Ming Cai, S23241 (HTBM0484). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia446-S23358 (HTBM1469) ; same location, August 12, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia598-S23374 (HTBM1485) .</p><p>Notes:— Scleroderma venenatum ( var. venenatum) and an additional variety macrosporum were validly published by Zhang et al. (2020). However, earlier, these names were annotated as “nom. inval.” in the Index Fungorum database (Index Fungorum Partnership 2025). Such mistakes have been corrected after the personal communication between us and the Index Fungorum curators on February 4, 2025.</p><p>Basidiospores in four different collections (HTBM0339, HTBM0354, HTBM0370 &amp; HTBM0395) were independently measured, each collection with 10 basidiospores from a single basidioma. In the result, HTBM0339 got a diameter range of 10.5–15 μm, HTBM0354 got a diameter range of 10–14 μm, HTBM0370 got a diameter range of 9–14.5 μm, and HTBM0395 got a diameter range of 8.5–10.5 μm. Therefore, the two varieties of S. venenatum could not be clearly delimited.</p><p>This species is poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and possibly also psycho-neurological disorder (Zheng et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71.text	03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma (sect. Sclerangium) (Lev.) Guzman, Ciencia	<div><p>(2) Scleroderma sect. Sclerangium (Lév.) Guzmán,</p><p>Ciencia (México) 25: 199 (1967)</p><p>≡ Sclerangium Lév., Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 9: 130 (1848)</p><p>Type species:— Scleroderma polyrhizum (J.F. Gmel.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 156 (1801)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata usually small to medium-sized, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, more than 1 mm in thickness, without a color change, becoming darker, or turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin to thick, flaky to granular squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish to yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually present.</p><p>Notes:— This section is moderately supported by phylogeny. Species in this section SEEMS safer in edibility, but DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE is largely absent for many species. (Figs. 1 &amp; 2; see section Discussion for details).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.text	03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma boluoshanense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Zhen-Chao Liu & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(2.1) Scleroderma boluoshanense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Zhen-Chao Liu &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 10)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572386</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Sclerangium known in Asia by the thin peridium with flaky to granular squamules.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, August 16, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23427 (HKAS145948, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059134; nrLSU: PV054255); HTBM1538, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 15–23 mm in diameter, 12–19 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), pale earthy orange (#F8E8C4) to dark thatch yellow (#CDC591), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous to light teak brown (#BCAC84) to flint brown (#736960) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, barleycorn brown (#9D8F59) to coffee-bean brown (#483625). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant to abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/3/2} (6.5) 7.5–10.5 (11) [8.41 ± 1.09, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with subreticulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae rarely with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–8.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae . Currently known from Asia (China &amp; Thailand) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, June 27, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23226 (HTBM0469) &amp; S23227 (HTBM0470) ; same location, September 6, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23600 (HTBM1711) .</p><p>Notes:— In Zhang (1984), a description given under the name “ S. lycoperdoides ”, for a species known in Yunnan Province recorded as edible in that book, is likely consistent with our description for S. boluoshanense . It even looks reasonable as S. boluoshanense is currently recognized in the sect. Sclerangium and is also found in regions of Southeast Asia close to Yunnan, and the true S. lycoperdoides is currently synonymized with S. areolatum (e.g. Guzmán et al. 2013), a poisonous species in the sect. Scleroderma . However, NO DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE can confirm its edibility due to the lack of sequenced collection in ethnomycological records.</p><p>Scleroderma boluoshanense is a distinct member of the sect. Sclerangium that shows a thin peridium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.text	03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma gaibeioides Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Shi-Yong Huang & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(2.2) Scleroderma gaibeioides Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Shi-Yong Huang &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572387</p><p>Etymology:— gaibei = chicken drumsticks in cantonese, referring to the shape and color of the basidiomata of this fungus.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from S. aureum, S. endoxanthum, S. solare, S. xanthochroum and S. zengchengense by the presence of a stipe 15–40 mm long, from S. flavidum by the smaller basidiospores, and from S. sinnamariense by the smaller basidiospores, Asian distribution and the distinct ITS sequence.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, exact location unknown, June 19, 2023, Shi-Yong Huang, Kun L. Yang et al., S23172 (HKAS145956, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059118; nrLSU: PV054242); HTBM0415, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 28–54 mm in diameter, 23–33 mm in height including a stipe 15–40 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 2–5 mm thick, brick orange (#ECE2B4), desert orange (#E8D7B0) to mongoose brown (#B5A284), with a milky yellow (#FFF07A) to sun orange (#FCD742) context, becoming darker after damaged, nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, dull lavender purple (#75647A), coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/2/2} 6.5–8.5 [7.55 ± 0.60, 7.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with verrucose to echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 3–8 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–9 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collection examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen City, Futian District, Meilin Houshan, exact location unknown, June 12, 2023, Yu-Jun Cai, Kun L. Yang et al., S23131 (HTBM0374).</p><p>Notes:— This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, but as suggested by the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), true S. sinnamariense has only been recognized in South America with molecular evidence. Therefore, the so-called “ S. sinnamariense ” previously recorded in Asia, especially in South and Southeast Asia, frequently known as an edible species but WITHOUT DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE, should actually be other similar species like S. endoxanthum, S. gaibeioides, S. solare, S. xanthochroum and S. zengchengense (Zhang 1984, Mao 2006, Christensen et al. 2008, Dai et al. 2010, Wu et al. 2011, Wu et al. 2019, Wei et al. 2021, Karun et al. 2022, Khastini et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.text	03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma navigatum Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(2.3) Scleroderma navigatum Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572388</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to an earthball species navigating with its host plants across seas.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Sclerangium known in Oceania and Asia by the nearly smooth peridium and the basidiospores mostly 9.5–12.5 µm in diameter.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">South China Agricultural University</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">Arboretum</a>, 23°09'27"N, 113°21'22"E, elevation 40 m, April 8, 2024, Jia Y. Lin, L24074 (HKAS145954, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059092; nrLSU: PV054264); HTBM1948, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 18–35 mm in diameter, 14–27 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor strongly fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1–1.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3) to beach yellow (#F9F3C9), turning reddish after damaged, with fibrous, concolorous squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/3/3} (9) 9.5–12.5 (14) [10.68 ± 1.04, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5–5.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 2–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5–4.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in forests, associated with plants of Myrtaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) and Oceania (Australia) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">South China Agricultural University</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">Arboretum</a>, 23°09'27"N, 113°21'22"E, elevation 40 m, April 8, 2024, Jia Y. Lin, L24075 (HTBM1949) &amp; L24076 (HTBM1950).</p><p>Notes:— This fungus was found in a plantation in South China Agricultural University dominated by Eucalyptus cf. robusta trees introduced from Australia. Interestingly, two ITS sequence samples labeled as “Uncultured fungus” from Australia (HFEhyp5 &amp; Toohyp34) clustered with our collections of this fungus as a single phylogenetic species (Fig. 1), implying that this fungus in China may be aliens carried by Eucalyptus plants from Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.text	03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma solare Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(2.4) Scleroderma solare Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 13)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572389</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the bright color of this fungus like the sun.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from S. aureum by the larger basidiospores, from S. endoxanthum and S. zengchengense by the stipitate basidiomata with abundant basal rhizomorphs, from S. xanthochroum by the shorter stipe, from S. flavidum by the smaller basidiospores, and from S. sinnamariense by the smaller basidiospores, Asian distribution and the distinct ITS sequence.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.360275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.131666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.360275/lat 23.131666)">Tianhe Park</a>, 23°07'54"N, 113°21'37"E, elevation 50 m, July 29, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L23220 (HKAS145955, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059086); HTBM1172, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 22–55 mm in diameter, 22–45 mm in height including a stipe 2–5 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1.5–4 mm thick, milky yellow (#FFF07A), sun orange (#FCD742), dull dirty orange (#EBD087) to dark thatch yellow (#CDC591), with a milky yellow (#FFF07A) to sun orange (#FCD742) context, becoming darker after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous or flint brown (#736960) to coal blue (#40474D) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish to orangish.</p><p>Basidiospores oblong at first, then mostly globose, rarely subglobose, {20/2/2} (6) 6.5–9 [7.73 ± 0.75, 7.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation when mature, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 13–20 × 5.5–7 μm, clavate, one- to eight-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2–5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae rarely with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–7 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Pinaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Thailand &amp; Vietnam) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.45/lat 23.216667)">Muqiang Reservoir</a>, exact location unknown, 113°27'E, 23°13'N, elevation 96 m, May 27, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE50-S2369 (HTBM0312). China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin City, Xingye County, exact location unknown, June 3, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S2387 (HTBM0330). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, June 29, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23244 (HTBM0487).</p><p>Notes:— This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.text	03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma xanthochroum Watling & K. P. Sims	<div><p>(2.5) Scleroderma xanthochroum Watling &amp; K.P. Sims,</p><p>Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 89: 95 (2004)</p><p>(Fig. 14)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 21–81 mm in diameter, 12–49 mm in height including a stipe 3–18 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1–4 mm thick, brick orange (#ECE2B4), desert orange (#E8D7B0) to mongoose brown (#B5A284), with a milky yellow (#FFF07A) to sun orange (#FCD742) context, becoming darker after damaged, nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/1/1} 7–8.5 (9.5) [7.96 ± 0.53, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 3–7 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–10 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fabaceae and Gnetaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Malaysia &amp; Thailand) and Africa (Cameroon) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collection examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen City, Longgang District, Luzui Villa, exact location unknown, June 29, 2023, Wen-Ting Chen, Kun L. Yang et al., S23236 (HTBM0479).</p><p>Notes:— Scleroderma xanthochroum was originally described from Peninsular Malaysia, and is new to China. This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.text	03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma yunnanense Y. Wang	<div><p>(2.6) Scleroderma yunnanense Y. Wang, in Zhang, Xu, Liu, He, Wang, Wang &amp; Ji,</p><p>Mycotaxon 125: 195 (2013)</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 27–65 mm in diameter, 18–45 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform at first, becoming stelliform following dehiscence, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor fungal and pleasant, similar to potatoes; taste pleasant and sweet. Peridium leathery, 2–4 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), lotus-root orange (#F5E9D9) to butter orange (#F2DF8F) usually without a color change after damaged, occasionally turning reddish after damaged, with flaky, granular to furfuraceous, concolorous or dull dirty orange (#EBD087), light brown (#B39966) to dirty brass brown (#B47F5A) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960), coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/3/3} 8–14 (14.5) [11.11 ± 1.98, 13.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 0.5–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells 1.5–2.5 μm wide. Basidia 20–40 × 7–8.5 μm, clavate, four- to eight-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2–5 μm wide, thin-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2–7 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, frequently branching, subregularly arranged hyphae occasionally with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Betulaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae and Pinaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, India, Japan &amp; Thailand) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">South China Agricultural University</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">Arboretum</a>, 23°09'27"N, 113°21'22"E, elevation 40 m, May 24, 2023, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, K23243 (HTBM0758). China, Chongqing Municipality, exact location unknown, June 2, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S2385 (HTBM0328). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.856384&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.281944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.856384/lat 23.281944)">Jiaoshiling Forest Park</a>, 23°16'55"N, 113°51'23"E, elevation 180 m, July 6, 2023, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, L23158 (HTBM1110) &amp; L23163 (HTBM1115). China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Qianshan County, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Dan-Ying Liu, Kun L. Yang et al., S23117 (HTBM0360). China, Chongqing Municipality, Bishan District, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Zhi Ci Liu Nian, Kun L. Yang et al., S23120 (HTBM0363). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, June 13, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu &amp; Kun L.Yang, S23136 (HTBM0379). China, Guangdong Province, Jieyang City, Jiexi County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Daxi Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Daxipu Village</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, June 14, 2023, Xiu-Hui Li, Kun L. Yang et al., S23150 (HTBM0393). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.3/lat 23.216667)">Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area</a>, 23°13'N, 113°18'E, elevation 95 m, June 20, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE64 - S23176 (HTBM0419). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.30112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.207224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.30112/lat 23.207224)">Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area</a>, 23°12'26"N, 113°18'04"E, elevation 100 m, July 28, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L23217 (HTBM1169). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.30556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.209167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.30556/lat 23.209167)">Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area</a>, 23°12'33"N, 113°18'20"E, elevation 100 m, August 3, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L23257 (HTBM1209). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia567 - S23373 (HTBM1484). China, Yunnan Province, Gejiu City, bought from a free market, July 2, 2024, Zhu L. Yang, Yang7155 (HKAS137567).</p><p>Notes:— Our basidiospore size measurements are significantly larger than those in the protologue of S. yunnanense (Zhang et al. 2013: up to 9.5 µm wide including ornamentation) and a description on Japanese collections of S. yunnanense (Kasuya et al. 2023: up to 8 µm in diameter including ornamentation). We also found that basidiospores with a diameter more than 12 µm were quite common in mature collections with a pulverulent gleba. However, in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), our collections show no obvious genetic distances from both the holotype of S. yunnanense (KUN-HKAS79633) and one collection cited in the Japanese description (TNS F-82294), suggesting them as conspecific.</p><p>Scleroderma yunnanense is a common and high-yielding species in China, locally known as “Niu Yan Jing Jun (ox-eye mushrooms)” and “Shi Tou Gu (stone mushrooms)”, frequently gathered, consumed and highly prized by the people. Kun L. Yang has eaten it for several times, found it quite tasty without experiencing any trouble (Fig. 15h–i). Although this species has been detected in some mushroom poisoning incidents in China, it is considered an irrelevant species safe for eating in most cases at the moment (e.g. Li et al. 2024), obviously easy to be confused with some co-occurring similar but poisonous Scleroderma species, such as S. cepa .</p><p>Scleroderma yunnanense is also eaten by people out of China, such as Indians (Tudu et al. 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.text	03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma zengchengense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Yu-Rong Liang & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(2.7) Scleroderma zengchengense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Yu-Rong Liang &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572390</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from S. aureum, S. endoxanthum, S. flavidum, S. gaibeioides, S. sinnamariense, S. solare and S. xanthochroum by the distinctly squamulose peridium.</p><p>Type:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.8125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.582224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.8125/lat 23.582224)">Dafengmen Reservoir</a>, 113°48'45"E, 23°34'56"N, elevation 261 m, July 8, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE80 - S23310 (HKAS145953, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059126; nrLSU: PV054248); HTBM1021, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidioma small, 20 mm in diameter, 23 mm in height including a stipe 7 mm long, subglobose; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1.5 mm thick, milky yellow (#FFF07A), with a milky yellow (#FFF07A) to sun orange (#FCD742) context, becoming darker after damaged, with rough, flaky to granular, sandal brown (#BA8B70) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (#40474D). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, yellowish to orangish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/1/1} 7–8.5 (9) [7.83 ± 0.51, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate 0.5–1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–8 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Notes:— This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCC2672FF10F98C1322F86C.text	03C08788FFCC2672FF10F98C1322F86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma (sect. Reticulatae) Guzman	<div><p>(3) Scleroderma sect. Reticulatae Guzmán,</p><p>Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad 84: 175 (2013)</p><p>≡ Scleroderma sect. Scleroderma sensu Guzmán, Ciencia (México) 25: 202 (1967) (non Scleroderma Pers. sect. Scleroderma)</p><p>Type species:— Scleroderma citrinum Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 153 (1801) (= Scleroderma aurantium (L.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 153 (1801) (nom. rejic.))</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata usually small, less than 50 mm in diameter, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, less than 1 mm in thickness, without a color change or turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin to thick, flaky to granular squamules. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFCC2672FF10F98C1322F86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.text	03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma bovista Fr.	<div><p>(3.1) Scleroderma bovista Fr.,</p><p>Systema Mycologicum (Lundae) 3(1): 48 (1829)</p><p>(Fig. 17)</p><p>= Scleroderma griseobrunneum Ke Wang, T.Z. Wei &amp; P. Hong, in Wang, Liu, Liu, Hong, Wei, Wang, Phurbu, Zhou &amp; Wei, Mycology 10.1080/21501203.2024.2392014, 19 (2024)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 19–58 mm in diameter, 25–42 mm in height including a stipe 4–15 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor indistinct; taste mild. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1 (1.5) mm thick, beach yellow (#F9F3C9) to silk brown (#CAB7AA), usually without a color change after damaged, occasionally turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, light teak brown (#BCAC84) to coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, thatch yellow (#F1ECC5), flint brown (#736960) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant to abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/4/4} (9.5) 10–16 (17) [12.33 ± 1.91, 12.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1–2 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae . Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, Pakistan &amp; South Korea), Europe (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden &amp; UK), North America (Canada &amp; USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil &amp; Colombia), Africa (Cape Verde) and Oceania (New Zealand) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Hunan Province, Yueyang City, exact location unknown, May 29, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S2376 (HTBM0319). China, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi City, Jiangyin County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.80945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.079445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.80945/lat 32.079445)">Xuxiake Town</a>, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Rang Xing, Fei-Yang Chen, Kun L. Yang et al., S23115 (HTBM0358). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.80945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.079445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.80945/lat 32.079445)">Nanjing Forestry University</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.80945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.079445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.80945/lat 32.079445)">Central Green Land</a>, 32°04'46''N, 118°48'34''E, elevation 10 m, June 27, 2023, Qi-Hua Xie, 23604-1-S23113 (HTBM0356). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.80945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.079445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.80945/lat 32.079445)">Zijinshan Mountain</a>, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia530 - S23367 (HTBM1478) ; same location, November 18, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia722 - L23524 (HTBM1814); same location, November 19, 2023, Xia Chen &amp; Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia830 - L23526 (HTBM1816) .</p><p>Notes:— As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), S. bovista is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania, and the recently described S. griseobrunneum could be a morphotype of S. bovista .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.text	03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma lunare Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Bin Chen & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(3.2) Scleroderma lunare Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Bin Chen &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 18)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572391</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the noble color of this fungus like the moon.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Reticulatae known in Asia by the small basidiomata 12–23 mm in diameter with palely colored squamules.</p><p>Type:— China, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou City, exact location unknown, June 13, 2023, Bin Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23139 (HKAS145952, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059112; nrLSU: PV054238); HTBM0382, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 12–23 mm in diameter, 6–15 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous or brick orange (#ECE2B4) to desert orange (#E8D7B0) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, ceramic white (#FEFEFA) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/2/2} (13) 13.5–17 (18) [15.03 ± 1.23, 15.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–6 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae and Pinaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collection examined:— China, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou City, exact location unknown, July 7, 2023, Bin Chen &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23294 (HTBM1005).</p><p>Notes:— This species looks similar to Scleroderma yunnanense and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.text	03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma suthepense Kumla, Suwannar. & Lumyong	<div><p>(3.3) Scleroderma suthepense Kumla, Suwannar. &amp; Lumyong,</p><p>Mycotaxon 123: 2 (2013)</p><p>(Fig. 19)</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata small, 12–35 mm in diameter, 8–29 mm in height including a stipe 4–12 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste mainly fungal, slightly sweet. Peridium leathery, 0.5–1.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC) to pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with granular, dirty milky brown (#B7A48D) to flint brown (#736960) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, cottonseed gray (# BEC 0BB), coal blue (#40474D) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/4/1} (7.5) 8–11.5 [9.60 ± 0.93, 9.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5–6.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled to thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Myrtaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae . Currently known from Asia (China &amp; Thailand) and North America (USA) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Collections examined:— China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, May 14, 2023, Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Zhen-Chao Liu, K23223 (HTBM0738). China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin City, Xingye County, exact location unknown, June 3, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S2390 (HTBM0333). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Jiangdong Village</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.540276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.19222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.540276/lat 23.19222)">Boluoshan Hill</a>, 23°11'32"N, 113°32'25"E, elevation 150 m, August 21, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, S23457 (HTBM1568). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">South China Agricultural University</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.35611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.1575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.35611/lat 23.1575)">Arboretum</a>, 23°09'27"N, 113°21'22"E, elevation 40 m, September 11, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L23411 (HTBM1392).</p><p>Notes:— This species looks similar to Scleroderma venenatum and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.text	03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scleroderma zijinshanense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Xia Chen & Zhu L. Yang 2025	<div><p>(3.4) Scleroderma zijinshanense Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin, Xia Chen &amp; Zhu L. Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 20)</p><p>Registration identifier:— FN572392</p><p>Etymology:— Referring to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differing from other species in sect. Reticulatae known in Asia by the tiny to small basidiomata with felty to granular, coffee red to coffee-bean brown squamules.</p><p>Type:— China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.83584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.83584/lat 32.0825)">Zijinshan Mountain</a>, 32°04'57"N, 118°50'09"E, elevation 39 m, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia249 - S23366 (HKAS145951, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV059129; nrLSU: PV054250); HTBM1477, isotype) .</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata tiny to small, 7–26 mm in diameter, 7–23 mm in height without a stipe or including a stipe 3–6 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25–0.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC) to pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3), without a color change after damaged, with felty to granular, coffee red (#7B5B4E) to coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, ceramic white (#FEFEFA), flint brown (#736960) to dull black (#0B0C0E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish.</p><p>Basidiospores {40/1/1} 12–16 (16.5) [13.88 ± 1.09, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1.5–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 25–40 × 5.5–7 μm, clavate, four-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2–4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2.5–6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3–6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.</p><p>Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae and Fagaceae . Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.</p><p>Other collections examined:— China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.83584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.0825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.83584/lat 32.0825)">Zijinshan Mountain</a>, 32°04'57"N, 118°50'09"E, elevation 39 m, May 30, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia248 - S23103 (HTBM0346) ; same location, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin &amp; Kun L. Yang, ChenXia612 - S23376 (HTBM1487) .</p><p>Notes:— This species looks similar to Scleroderma nastii and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Yang, Kun L.;Lin, Jia Y.;Li, Guang-Mei;Yang, Zhu L.	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
