taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Scleroderma verrucosum (Bull.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 154 (1801)	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata usually small, less than 50 mm in diameter, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, less than 1 mm in thickness, turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin, flaky squamules. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish. Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually absent.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FDD514D4FBE2.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Most of those Scleroderma species having been known as poisonous are currently recognized in this section (Figs. 1 & 2; see section Discussion for details).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.taxon	description	(Fig. 3) Description: — Basidiomata small, 25 – 36 mm in diameter, 17 – 22 mm in height including a stipe 6 – 10 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor indistinct; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), pale dirty orange (# FAF 4 E 3) to pale earthy orange (# F 8 E 8 C 4), turning reddish to brownish after damaged, with thin, flaky, dirty milky brown (# B 7 A 48 D) to coffee-bean brown (# 483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 1 / 1} (12) 12.5 – 16.5 (18.5) [14.04 ± 1.27, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 1 – 2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2 – 4 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan & South Korea), Europe (Belgium, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Spain & UK), North America (Canada, Mexico & USA) and South America (Brazil) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.taxon	materials_examined	Collection examined: — China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 285 - S 23105 (HTBM 0348).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE2265CFF10FBC415D7F7DB.taxon	discussion	Notes: — As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), this species is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, North America and South America. This species is recorded as poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder, in a recent checklist of poisonous mushrooms in China (Bau et al. 2024). It is notable that a species identified as “ Scleroderma cf. areolatum ” was detected in a serious mushroom poisoning incident on June 12, 2022 in Yunnan Province of China, causing the poisoning of nine patients, wherein two were dead (Li et al. 2023).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.taxon	description	(Fig. 4) Description: — Basidiomata small, 12 – 20 mm in diameter, 7 – 15 mm in height including a stipe 2 – 7 mm long, subglobose; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25 – 0.5 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky, coffee-bean brown (# 483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 2 / 1} 9.5 – 11.5 (12) [10.84 ± 0.68, 11.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2.5 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Asparagaceae, Gentianaceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan & India), Europe (Spain), South America (Brazil), Africa (Cameroon, Cape Verde & Senegal) and Oceania (Australia) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.taxon	materials_examined	Collection examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Jinping District, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 3 m, June 24, 2023, Z. H. Zhang, ZhangZH 61 - S 23287 (HTBM 0998).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFE32642FF10FB21153DFEFD.taxon	discussion	Notes: — As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), S. capeverdeanum is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, South America, Africa and Oceania. Several collections labeled as “ S. albidum ” from Brazil, India and Spain clustered with S. capeverdeanum collections are regarded as misidentifications here, because the basidiospores from the holotype of S. albidum is significantly larger than those of S. capeverdeanum (Guzma ́ n et al. 2013). According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder. This is the first report of S. capeverdeanum in China.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.taxon	description	(Fig. 5) Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 28 – 54 mm in diameter, 23 – 33 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor unknown; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1 – 2.5 (3) mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), lotus-root orange (# F 5 E 9 D 9) to butter orange (# F 2 DF 8 F), usually without a color change after damaged or turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky, concolorous or dull dirty orange (# EBD 087) to light brown (# B 39966) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish. Basidiospores {40 / 2 / 2} 12.5 – 16 (17.5) [14.26 ± 1.17, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 1 – 2 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Juglandaceae and Pinaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, South Korea & Thailand), Europe (Germany, Poland, Portugal & UK) and North America (Mexico & USA) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Chongqing Municipality, Bishan District, exact location unknown, June 7, 2023, Huan Wang, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23123 (HTBM 0366). China, Sichuan Province, Guang’an City, Linshui County, exact location unknown, June 19, 2023, Zhi Ci Liu Nian, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23171 (HTBM 0414).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFC2643FF10FB5F14B7FDB9.taxon	discussion	Notes: — As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), this species is widely distributed across Asia, Europe and North America. Several collections labeled as “ Scleroderma laeve ” from Asian countries (China, Japan & South Korea) clustered with S. cepa collections (Fig. 1) are regarded as misidentifications here, because S. laeve is originally known from Africa and Europe (Lloyd 1916) but without collections from these regions for support in the current phylogeny. Even if S. cepa and S. laeve are synonymized with each other, S. cepa should be adopted on account of the priority. Scleroderma cepa is a distinct member of the sect. Scleroderma that shows larger basidiomata with a relatively thick peridium. It is poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder (Bau et al. 2024). Given its macromorphology so similar to the edible species S. yunnanense, this species has been frequently misidentified as the latter and accidently eaten by the public in China. According to the data from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, S. cepa did cause at least 24 mushroom poisoning incidents involving at least 82 patients in the recent five years (2019 – 2023) in China (Yang et al. 2024).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.taxon	description	(Fig. 6) Description: — Basidiomata small, 10 – 17 mm in diameter, 16 – 25 mm in height including a stipe 6 – 9 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor unknown; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC) to lotus-root orange (# F 5 E 9 D 9), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with thin, flaky to felty, meat brown (# D 7 B 19 D) to beaver brown (# 9 D 7 B 69) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish. Basidiospores {40 / 3 / 3} (8) 8.5 – 10 (11) [9.56 ± 0.68, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3.5 – 10 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5 – 6.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae and Pinaceae (Cho et al. 2022). Currently known from Asia (China, Nepal, Pakistan & South Korea) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, 32 ° 03 ' 22 " N, 118 ° 51 ' 53 " E, elevation 80 m, June 3, 2023, Xia Chen & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 302 - S 23107 (HTBM 0350); same location, June 19, 2023, Xia Chen & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 333 - S 23169 (HTBM 0412). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, 32 ° 02 ' 59 " N, 118 ° 51 ' 13 " E, elevation 59 m, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen & Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia 497 - S 23363 (HTBM 1474).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFD2641FF10F8DD1750FD4D.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Our collections from China (HTBM 0350, HTBM 0412 & HTBM 1474) and another two collections from South Korea (KA 13 - 0718) and Pakistan (ANSW 1) gathered by other researchers are very closely related to the holotype of S. nastii (KATH-FB 11) from Nepal in the ITS sequence, so they are recognized as a single species in this study. The morphological description based on our collections is generally consistent with the protologue (Raut 2020) and a report from South Korea (Cho et al. 2022). This is the first report of S. nastii in China. The above-mentioned collections, although all recognized as S. nastii, do establish a paraphyletic group clinging to the clade represented by four collections of another species, S. vinaceum (KUN-HKAS 73723 (holotype), KUN-HKAS 126617, 1188 _ TKK _ mateba & mOTU 37), in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1). However, the clade of S. vinaceum shows homogeneous internal variation and is issued by a distinct branch representing a genetic difference of 1.16 % with significant support, suggesting that the relationship between it and S. nastii is possibly unresolved. According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	description	(Fig. 7) Registration identifier: — FN 572384	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the possible toxicity of this little earthball fungus.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Scleroderma known in Asia by the tiny basidiomata producing a palely colored peridium.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Nansha District, Huangshanlu Forest Park, a green belt along Dengshan Rd., 22 ° 46 ' 22 " N, 113 ° 34 ' 21 " E, elevation 90 m, August 13, 2023, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, K 23347 (HKAS 145950, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059084; nrLSU: PV 054217); HTBM 1219, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata tiny, 3 – 6 mm in diameter, 3 – 6 mm in height, subglobose, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick, ceramic white (# FEFEFA) to merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with thin, flaky to fibrous, concolorous to donkey brown (# AC 9 B 87) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 2 / 1} 9.5 – 13.5 (14) [11.49 ± 1.24, 11.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 20 – 32 × 8 – 10 μm, clavate, four- to eight-spored, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2.5 – 5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 2.5 – 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Solitary to gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, India & Pakistan) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	materials_examined	Other collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China National Botanical Garden, 23 ° 10 ' 52 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 17 " E, elevation 50 m, June 14, 2023, Kun L. Yang, K 23297 (HTBM 0812). China, Guangdong Province, Foshan City, Nanhai District, Leigang Park, 23 ° 02 ' 35 " N, 113 ° 08 ' 27 " E, elevation 59 m, June 22, 2023, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, L 2394 (HTBM 0927).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFF2646FF10FD5D17FBFB9D.taxon	discussion	Notes: — According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	description	(Fig. 8) Registration identifier: — FN 572385	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the color of this fungus like the Pluto.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Scleroderma known in Asia by the tiny to small, yellowish to orangish basidiomata.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, August 21, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 23481 (HKAS 145949, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059135; nrLSU: PV 054256); HTBM 1592, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata tiny to small, 4 – 14 mm in diameter, 3 – 11 mm in height, subglobose, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25 – 0.5 mm thick, beach yellow (# F 9 F 3 C 9) to pale dirty orange (# FAF 4 E 3), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with minute, dull dirty orange (# EBD 087) to light brown (# B 39966) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 1 / 1} 12 – 14.5 (15) [13.25 ± 0.76, 13.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with verrucose to echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF82647FF10FB0D17FBFF21.taxon	discussion	Notes: — According to the phylogenetic position, this species may be poisonous to cause gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.taxon	description	(Fig. 9) Description: — Basidiomata small, 14 – 36 mm in diameter, 12 – 22 mm in height including a stipe 2 – 11 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC) to pale earthy orange (# F 8 E 8 C 4), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with thin, flaky, flint brown (# 736960) to coffee-bean brown (# 483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), dull lavender purple (# 75647 A) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 4 / 4} (8.5) 9 – 14 (15) [11.10 ± 1.63, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5 – 5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5 – 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae and Pinaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, Russia & South Korea), Europe (Austria, France & Italy) and North America (Mexico) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Hunan Province, Changsha City, exact location unknown, June 5, 2023, Wu-Ping Luo, Kun L. Yang et al., S 2396 (HTBM 0339). China, Guizhou Province, Qiannan Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Duyun City, in a forest dominated by plants of Fagaceae, exact location unknown, June 5, 2023, Jia-Xi Pan & Kun L. Yang, S 2398 (HTBM 0341). China, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo City, Jiangbei District, Baoguo Temple Forest Park, exact location unknown, June 8, 2023, Bin Chen & Kun L. Yang, S 23111 (HTBM 0354). China, Hunan Province, Huaihua City, Zhongpo Forest Park, exact location unknown, June 12, 2023, Chang-Zhuo Liu & Kun L. Yang, S 23127 (HTBM 0370). China, Sichuan Province, Dazhou City, Tongchuan District, Pujia Town, exact location unknown, June 14, 2023, Xian-Mei Yang & Kun L. Yang, S 23152 (HTBM 0395). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, June 20, 2023, Xia Chen & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 310 - S 23167 (HTBM 0410). China, Shanghai Municipality, exact location unknown, June 29, 2023, Jia-Ming Cai, S 23241 (HTBM 0484). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen & Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia 446 - S 23358 (HTBM 1469); same location, August 12, 2023, Xia Chen & Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia 598 - S 23374 (HTBM 1485).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF92644FF10FBCB16FCFD05.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Scleroderma venenatum (var. venenatum) and an additional variety macrosporum were validly published by Zhang et al. (2020). However, earlier, these names were annotated as “ nom. inval. ” in the Index Fungorum database (Index Fungorum Partnership 2025). Such mistakes have been corrected after the personal communication between us and the Index Fungorum curators on February 4, 2025. Basidiospores in four different collections (HTBM 0339, HTBM 0354, HTBM 0370 & HTBM 0395) were independently measured, each collection with 10 basidiospores from a single basidioma. In the result, HTBM 0339 got a diameter range of 10.5 – 15 μm, HTBM 0354 got a diameter range of 10 – 14 μm, HTBM 0370 got a diameter range of 9 – 14.5 μm, and HTBM 0395 got a diameter range of 8.5 – 10.5 μm. Therefore, the two varieties of S. venenatum could not be clearly delimited. This species is poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and possibly also psycho-neurological disorder (Zheng et al. 2020).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Scleroderma polyrhizum (J. F. Gmel.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 156 (1801)	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata usually small to medium-sized, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, more than 1 mm in thickness, without a color change, becoming darker, or turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin to thick, flaky to granular squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish to yellowish. Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually present.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FF1D134DFD71.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This section is moderately supported by phylogeny. Species in this section SEEMS safer in edibility, but DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE is largely absent for many species. (Figs. 1 & 2; see section Discussion for details).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	description	(Fig. 10) Registration identifier: — FN 572386	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the type locality.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Sclerangium known in Asia by the thin peridium with flaky to granular squamules.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, August 16, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 23427 (HKAS 145948, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059134; nrLSU: PV 054255); HTBM 1538, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small, 15 – 23 mm in diameter, 12 – 19 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), pale earthy orange (# F 8 E 8 C 4) to dark thatch yellow (# CDC 591), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous to light teak brown (# BCAC 84) to flint brown (# 736960) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, barleycorn brown (# 9 D 8 F 59) to coffee-bean brown (# 483625). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant to abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 3 / 2} (6.5) 7.5 – 10.5 (11) [8.41 ± 1.09, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with subreticulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae rarely with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 8.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Dipterocarpaceae and Fagaceae. Currently known from Asia (China & Thailand) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	materials_examined	Other collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, June 27, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 23226 (HTBM 0469) & S 23227 (HTBM 0470); same location, September 6, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 23600 (HTBM 1711).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFFB2645FF10FD39131DF7F5.taxon	discussion	Notes: — In Zhang (1984), a description given under the name “ S. lycoperdoides ”, for a species known in Yunnan Province recorded as edible in that book, is likely consistent with our description for S. boluoshanense. It even looks reasonable as S. boluoshanense is currently recognized in the sect. Sclerangium and is also found in regions of Southeast Asia close to Yunnan, and the true S. lycoperdoides is currently synonymized with S. areolatum (e. g. Guzma ́ n et al. 2013), a poisonous species in the sect. Scleroderma. However, NO DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE can confirm its edibility due to the lack of sequenced collection in ethnomycological records. Scleroderma boluoshanense is a distinct member of the sect. Sclerangium that shows a thin peridium.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	description	(Fig. 11) Registration identifier: — FN 572387	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — gaibei = chicken drumsticks in cantonese, referring to the shape and color of the basidiomata of this fungus.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from S. aureum, S. endoxanthum, S. solare, S. xanthochroum and S. zengchengense by the presence of a stipe 15 – 40 mm long, from S. flavidum by the smaller basidiospores, and from S. sinnamariense by the smaller basidiospores, Asian distribution and the distinct ITS sequence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, exact location unknown, June 19, 2023, Shi-Yong Huang, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23172 (HKAS 145956, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059118; nrLSU: PV 054242); HTBM 0415, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 28 – 54 mm in diameter, 23 – 33 mm in height including a stipe 15 – 40 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 2 – 5 mm thick, brick orange (# ECE 2 B 4), desert orange (# E 8 D 7 B 0) to mongoose brown (# B 5 A 284), with a milky yellow (# FFF 07 A) to sun orange (# FCD 742) context, becoming darker after damaged, nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, dull lavender purple (# 75647 A), coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish. Basidiospores {40 / 2 / 2} 6.5 – 8.5 [7.55 ± 0.60, 7.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with verrucose to echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 3 – 8 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 9 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	materials_examined	Other collection examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen City, Futian District, Meilin Houshan, exact location unknown, June 12, 2023, Yu-Jun Cai, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23131 (HTBM 0374).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF4264BFF10FBD8175BFE25.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, but as suggested by the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), true S. sinnamariense has only been recognized in South America with molecular evidence. Therefore, the so-called “ S. sinnamariense ” previously recorded in Asia, especially in South and Southeast Asia, frequently known as an edible species but WITHOUT DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE, should actually be other similar species like S. endoxanthum, S. gaibeioides, S. solare, S. xanthochroum and S. zengchengense (Zhang 1984, Mao 2006, Christensen et al. 2008, Dai et al. 2010, Wu et al. 2011, Wu et al. 2019, Wei et al. 2021, Karun et al. 2022, Khastini et al. 2022).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	description	(Fig. 12) Registration identifier: — FN 572388	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to an earthball species navigating with its host plants across seas.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Sclerangium known in Oceania and Asia by the nearly smooth peridium and the basidiospores mostly 9.5 – 12.5 µm in diameter.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China Agricultural University, Arboretum, 23 ° 09 ' 27 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 22 " E, elevation 40 m, April 8, 2024, Jia Y. Lin, L 24074 (HKAS 145954, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059092; nrLSU: PV 054264); HTBM 1948, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small, 18 – 35 mm in diameter, 14 – 27 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor strongly fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1 – 1.5 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), pale dirty orange (# FAF 4 E 3) to beach yellow (# F 9 F 3 C 9), turning reddish after damaged, with fibrous, concolorous squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 3 / 3} (9) 9.5 – 12.5 (14) [10.68 ± 1.04, 10.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5 – 5.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 2 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2.5 – 4.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in forests, associated with plants of Myrtaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) and Oceania (Australia) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	materials_examined	Other collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China Agricultural University, Arboretum, 23 ° 09 ' 27 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 22 " E, elevation 40 m, April 8, 2024, Jia Y. Lin, L 24075 (HTBM 1949) & L 24076 (HTBM 1950).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF62649FF10FF1D132CFE25.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This fungus was found in a plantation in South China Agricultural University dominated by Eucalyptus cf. robusta trees introduced from Australia. Interestingly, two ITS sequence samples labeled as “ Uncultured fungus ” from Australia (HFEhyp 5 & Toohyp 34) clustered with our collections of this fungus as a single phylogenetic species (Fig. 1), implying that this fungus in China may be aliens carried by Eucalyptus plants from Australia.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	description	(Fig. 13) Registration identifier: — FN 572389	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the bright color of this fungus like the sun.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from S. aureum by the larger basidiospores, from S. endoxanthum and S. zengchengense by the stipitate basidiomata with abundant basal rhizomorphs, from S. xanthochroum by the shorter stipe, from S. flavidum by the smaller basidiospores, and from S. sinnamariense by the smaller basidiospores, Asian distribution and the distinct ITS sequence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, Tianhe Park, 23 ° 07 ' 54 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 37 " E, elevation 50 m, July 29, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L 23220 (HKAS 145955, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059086); HTBM 1172, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 22 – 55 mm in diameter, 22 – 45 mm in height including a stipe 2 – 5 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1.5 – 4 mm thick, milky yellow (# FFF 07 A), sun orange (# FCD 742), dull dirty orange (# EBD 087) to dark thatch yellow (# CDC 591), with a milky yellow (# FFF 07 A) to sun orange (# FCD 742) context, becoming darker after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous or flint brown (# 736960) to coal blue (# 40474 D) squamules to nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish to orangish. Basidiospores oblong at first, then mostly globose, rarely subglobose, {20 / 2 / 2} (6) 6.5 – 9 [7.73 ± 0.75, 7.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation when mature, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 13 – 20 × 5.5 – 7 μm, clavate, one- to eight-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae rarely with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 7 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Pinaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Thailand & Vietnam) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	materials_examined	Other collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Muqiang Reservoir, exact location unknown, 113 ° 27 ' E, 23 ° 13 ' N, elevation 96 m, May 27, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE 50 - S 2369 (HTBM 0312). China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin City, Xingye County, exact location unknown, June 3, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S 2387 (HTBM 0330). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, June 29, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu & Kun L. Yang, S 23244 (HTBM 0487).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF7264EFF10FD851433FBC1.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.taxon	description	(Fig. 14) Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 21 – 81 mm in diameter, 12 – 49 mm in height including a stipe 3 – 18 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1 – 4 mm thick, brick orange (# ECE 2 B 4), desert orange (# E 8 D 7 B 0) to mongoose brown (# B 5 A 284), with a milky yellow (# FFF 07 A) to sun orange (# FCD 742) context, becoming darker after damaged, nearly smooth. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, yellowish. Basidiospores {40 / 1 / 1} 7 – 8.5 (9.5) [7.96 ± 0.53, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate ornamentation 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial surface composed of 3 – 7 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 10 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fabaceae and Gnetaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Malaysia & Thailand) and Africa (Cameroon) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.taxon	materials_examined	Collection examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen City, Longgang District, Luzui Villa, exact location unknown, June 29, 2023, Wen-Ting Chen, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23236 (HTBM 0479).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF0264EFF10FBE917A4F83D.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Scleroderma xanthochroum was originally described from Peninsular Malaysia, and is new to China. This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.taxon	description	(Fig. 15) Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 27 – 65 mm in diameter, 18 – 45 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform at first, becoming stelliform following dehiscence, mostly sessile, rarely shortly stipitate; odor fungal and pleasant, similar to potatoes; taste pleasant and sweet. Peridium leathery, 2 – 4 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), lotus-root orange (# F 5 E 9 D 9) to butter orange (# F 2 DF 8 F) usually without a color change after damaged, occasionally turning reddish after damaged, with flaky, granular to furfuraceous, concolorous or dull dirty orange (# EBD 087), light brown (# B 39966) to dirty brass brown (# B 47 F 5 A) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (# 736960), coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish to yellowish. Basidiospores {40 / 3 / 3} 8 – 14 (14.5) [11.11 ± 1.98, 13.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 0.5 – 2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells 1.5 – 2.5 μm wide. Basidia 20 – 40 × 7 – 8.5 μm, clavate, four- to eight-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2 – 7 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, frequently branching, subregularly arranged hyphae occasionally with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Betulaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae and Pinaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, India, Japan & Thailand) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China Agricultural University, Arboretum, 23 ° 09 ' 27 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 22 " E, elevation 40 m, May 24, 2023, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, K 23243 (HTBM 0758). China, Chongqing Municipality, exact location unknown, June 2, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S 2385 (HTBM 0328). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, Jiaoshiling Forest Park, 23 ° 16 ' 55 " N, 113 ° 51 ' 23 " E, elevation 180 m, July 6, 2023, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, L 23158 (HTBM 1110) & L 23163 (HTBM 1115). China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Qianshan County, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Dan-Ying Liu, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23117 (HTBM 0360). China, Chongqing Municipality, Bishan District, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Zhi Ci Liu Nian, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23120 (HTBM 0363). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, June 13, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu & Kun L. Yang, S 23136 (HTBM 0379). China, Guangdong Province, Jieyang City, Jiexi County, Daxi Town, Daxipu Village, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, June 14, 2023, Xiu-Hui Li, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23150 (HTBM 0393). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, 23 ° 13 ' N, 113 ° 18 ' E, elevation 95 m, June 20, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE 64 - S 23176 (HTBM 0419). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, 23 ° 12 ' 26 " N, 113 ° 18 ' 04 " E, elevation 100 m, July 28, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L 23217 (HTBM 1169). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Baiyun District, Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, 23 ° 12 ' 33 " N, 113 ° 18 ' 20 " E, elevation 100 m, August 3, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L 23257 (HTBM 1209). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 567 - S 23373 (HTBM 1484). China, Yunnan Province, Gejiu City, bought from a free market, July 2, 2024, Zhu L. Yang, Yang 7155 (HKAS 137567).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF1264DFF10FA46132DFB55.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Our basidiospore size measurements are significantly larger than those in the protologue of S. yunnanense (Zhang et al. 2013: up to 9.5 µm wide including ornamentation) and a description on Japanese collections of S. yunnanense (Kasuya et al. 2023: up to 8 µm in diameter including ornamentation). We also found that basidiospores with a diameter more than 12 µm were quite common in mature collections with a pulverulent gleba. However, in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), our collections show no obvious genetic distances from both the holotype of S. yunnanense (KUN-HKAS 79633) and one collection cited in the Japanese description (TNS F- 82294), suggesting them as conspecific. Scleroderma yunnanense is a common and high-yielding species in China, locally known as “ Niu Yan Jing Jun (ox-eye mushrooms) ” and “ Shi Tou Gu (stone mushrooms) ”, frequently gathered, consumed and highly prized by the people. Kun L. Yang has eaten it for several times, found it quite tasty without experiencing any trouble (Fig. 15 h – i). Although this species has been detected in some mushroom poisoning incidents in China, it is considered an irrelevant species safe for eating in most cases at the moment (e. g. Li et al. 2024), obviously easy to be confused with some co-occurring similar but poisonous Scleroderma species, such as S. cepa. Scleroderma yunnanense is also eaten by people out of China, such as Indians (Tudu et al. 2024).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	description	(Fig. 16) Registration identifier: — FN 572390	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the type locality.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from S. aureum, S. endoxanthum, S. flavidum, S. gaibeioides, S. sinnamariense, S. solare and S. xanthochroum by the distinctly squamulose peridium.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Zengcheng District, Dafengmen Reservoir, 113 ° 48 ' 45 " E, 23 ° 34 ' 56 " N, elevation 261 m, July 8, 2023, Yu-Rong Liang, ACE 80 - S 23310 (HKAS 145953, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059126; nrLSU: PV 054248); HTBM 1021, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	description	Description: — Basidioma small, 20 mm in diameter, 23 mm in height including a stipe 7 mm long, subglobose; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 1.5 mm thick, milky yellow (# FFF 07 A), with a milky yellow (# FFF 07 A) to sun orange (# FCD 742) context, becoming darker after damaged, with rough, flaky to granular, sandal brown (# BA 8 B 70) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, coal blue (# 40474 D). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, yellowish to orangish. Basidiospores {40 / 1 / 1} 7 – 8.5 (9) [7.83 ± 0.51, 8.00] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate 0.5 – 1 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 8 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, yellowish to brownish, moderately compact, moderately branching, interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly yellowish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFF32672FF10FB551433FED9.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This is one of the numerous cryptic species recognized in the S. sinnamariense complex, see notes for Scleroderma gaibeioides for details.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCC2672FF10F98C1322F86C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: — Scleroderma citrinum Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 153 (1801) (= Scleroderma aurantium (L.) Pers., Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (Göttingen) 1: 153 (1801) (nom. rejic. ))	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCC2672FF10F98C1322F86C.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata usually small, less than 50 mm in diameter, sessile to stipitate, subglobose to tuberiform. Peridium usually leathery, less than 1 mm in thickness, without a color change or turning reddish, purplish to brownish after damaged, with thin to thick, flaky to granular squamules. Gleba usually compact at first, becoming pulverulent. Basal rhizomorphs usually moderately abundant to abundant, whitish. Basidiospores usually globose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation, brownish to purplish. Basidia usually clavate. Gleba trama usually composed of nearly colorless hyphae. Clamp connections usually present.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	description	(Fig. 17)	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized, 19 – 58 mm in diameter, 25 – 42 mm in height including a stipe 4 – 15 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor indistinct; taste mild. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1 (1.5) mm thick, beach yellow (# F 9 F 3 C 9) to silk brown (# CAB 7 AA), usually without a color change after damaged, occasionally turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, light teak brown (# BCAC 84) to coffee-bean brown (# 483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, thatch yellow (# F 1 ECC 5), flint brown (# 736960) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant to abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 4 / 4} (9.5) 10 – 16 (17) [12.33 ± 1.91, 12.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1 – 2 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2 – 5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan, Pakistan & South Korea), Europe (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, North Macedonia, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden & UK), North America (Canada & USA), South America (Argentina, Brazil & Colombia), Africa (Cape Verde) and Oceania (New Zealand) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Hunan Province, Yueyang City, exact location unknown, May 29, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S 2376 (HTBM 0319). China, Jiangsu Province, Wuxi City, Jiangyin County, Xuxiake Town, exact location unknown, June 10, 2023, Rang Xing, Fei-Yang Chen, Kun L. Yang et al., S 23115 (HTBM 0358). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Nanjing Forestry University, Central Green Land, 32 ° 04 ' 46 '' N, 118 ° 48 ' 34 '' E, elevation 10 m, June 27, 2023, Qi-Hua Xie, 23604 - 1 - S 23113 (HTBM 0356). China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 530 - S 23367 (HTBM 1478); same location, November 18, 2023, Xia Chen & Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia 722 - L 23524 (HTBM 1814); same location, November 19, 2023, Xia Chen & Jia Y. Lin, ChenXia 830 - L 23526 (HTBM 1816).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCD2670FF10FF1D16D1FE24.taxon	discussion	Notes: — As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), S. bovista is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania, and the recently described S. griseobrunneum could be a morphotype of S. bovista.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	description	(Fig. 18) Registration identifier: — FN 572391	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the noble color of this fungus like the moon.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Reticulatae known in Asia by the small basidiomata 12 – 23 mm in diameter with palely colored squamules.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou City, exact location unknown, June 13, 2023, Bin Chen & Kun L. Yang, S 23139 (HKAS 145952, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059112; nrLSU: PV 054238); HTBM 0382, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata small, 12 – 23 mm in diameter, 6 – 15 mm in height, subglobose to tuberiform, sessile; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC), without a color change or turning reddish after damaged, with flaky to granular, concolorous or brick orange (# ECE 2 B 4) to desert orange (# E 8 D 7 B 0) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, ceramic white (# FEFEFA) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 2 / 2} (13) 13.5 – 17 (18) [15.03 ± 1.23, 15.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1 – 2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 6 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 7 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae sometimes with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae and Pinaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	materials_examined	Other collection examined: — China, Zhejiang Province, Quzhou City, exact location unknown, July 7, 2023, Bin Chen & Kun L. Yang, S 23294 (HTBM 1005).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCE2671FF10FD8514D0FD5B.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This species looks similar to Scleroderma yunnanense and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.taxon	description	Mycotaxon 123: 2 (2013) (Fig. 19) Description: — Basidiomata small, 12 – 35 mm in diameter, 8 – 29 mm in height including a stipe 4 – 12 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste mainly fungal, slightly sweet. Peridium leathery, 0.5 – 1.5 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC) to pale dirty orange (# FAF 4 E 3), turning reddish to purplish after damaged, with granular, dirty milky brown (# B 7 A 48 D) to flint brown (# 736960) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, cottonseed gray (# BEC 0 BB), coal blue (# 40474 D) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 4 / 1} (7.5) 8 – 11.5 [9.60 ± 0.93, 9.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1 – 2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2.5 – 6.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 3 – 5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled to thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in tropical to subtropical forests, associated with plants of Fagaceae, Myrtaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae. Currently known from Asia (China & Thailand) and North America (USA) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.taxon	materials_examined	Collections examined: — China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, May 14, 2023, Kun L. Yang, Jia Y. Lin & Zhen-Chao Liu, K 23223 (HTBM 0738). China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yulin City, Xingye County, exact location unknown, June 3, 2023, Kun L. Yang, kindly donated by anonymous net friends, S 2390 (HTBM 0333). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Huangpu District, Jiangdong Village, Boluoshan Hill, 23 ° 11 ' 32 " N, 113 ° 32 ' 25 " E, elevation 150 m, August 21, 2023, Zhen-Chao Liu, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, S 23457 (HTBM 1568). China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Tianhe District, South China Agricultural University, Arboretum, 23 ° 09 ' 27 " N, 113 ° 21 ' 22 " E, elevation 40 m, September 11, 2023, Jia Y. Lin, L 23411 (HTBM 1392).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFCF2676FF10FD4E14D0FC51.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This species looks similar to Scleroderma venenatum and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	description	(Fig. 20) Registration identifier: — FN 572392	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the type locality.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in sect. Reticulatae known in Asia by the tiny to small basidiomata with felty to granular, coffee red to coffee-bean brown squamules.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, 32 ° 04 ' 57 " N, 118 ° 50 ' 09 " E, elevation 39 m, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 249 - S 23366 (HKAS 145951, holotype (deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams in Kunming Institute of Botany of Chinese Academy of Sciences; ITS: PV 059129; nrLSU: PV 054250); HTBM 1477, isotype).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata tiny to small, 7 – 26 mm in diameter, 7 – 23 mm in height without a stipe or including a stipe 3 – 6 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor fungal; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.25 – 0.5 mm thick, merino white (# F 9 F 5 EC) to pale dirty orange (# FAF 4 E 3), without a color change after damaged, with felty to granular, coffee red (# 7 B 5 B 4 E) to coffee-bean brown (# 483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, ceramic white (# FEFEFA), flint brown (# 736960) to dull black (# 0 B 0 C 0 E). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40 / 1 / 1} 12 – 16 (16.5) [13.88 ± 1.09, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with reticulate ornamentation 1.5 – 2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish. Basidia 25 – 40 × 5.5 – 7 μm, clavate, four-spored, thin-walled, nearly colorless. Gleba trama composed of 2 – 4.5 μm wide, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2.5 – 6 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 3 – 6.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae with clamp connections.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and distribution: — Gregarious, on soil, in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Cupressaceae and Fagaceae. Currently known from Asia (China) with molecular evidence.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	materials_examined	Other collections examined: — China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, 32 ° 04 ' 57 " N, 118 ° 50 ' 09 " E, elevation 39 m, May 30, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 248 - S 23103 (HTBM 0346); same location, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen, Jia Y. Lin & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 612 - S 23376 (HTBM 1487).	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
03C08788FFC82677FF10FC591444FF21.taxon	discussion	Notes: — This species looks similar to Scleroderma nastii and its allies in macromorphology, but the basidiospore ornamentation can easily distinguish them.	en	Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Yang, Zhu L. (2025): Updates of Scleroderma (Basidiomycota, Boletales): new data from 18 selected species in China. Phytotaxa 706 (3): 209-254, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.706.3.3
