identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C087BC7D15FF97FF60FDB54E160C94.text	03C087BC7D15FF97FF60FDB54E160C94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroidae Lacordaire 1859	<div><p>Key to the world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859</p><p>(after Nikitsky 1999; Hsiao 2015; Hsiao et al. 2016)</p><p>1. Procoxae almost contiguous. North America …………………… Mallodrya subaenea Horn, 1888</p><p>– Procoxae distinctly separated ………………………………………………………………………2</p><p>2. Pretarsal claws serrate ………………………………………………………………………………3</p><p>– Pretarsal claws simple ………………………………………………………………………………4</p><p>3. Elytra finely and sparsely punctate in apical two-thirds; sutural stria on elytra strongly marked in apical part. Indonesia (Borneo: South Kalimantan) … Synchroina cuneata (Champion, 1916)</p><p>– Elytra densely and coarsely punctate; sutural stria on elytra shallower. Malaysia (Kelantan, Perak, Pahang); Indonesia (West Sumatra, Borneo: South Kalimantan) …………………………………… …………………………………………………………… Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898</p><p>4. Pronotum slightly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 2B), distinctly narrower than elytra at humeri (≤ 0.8 times elytral width at humeri); median lobe of the aedeagus clavate, slender, long, exceeding from the tegmen in natural condition. Mainland China (Sichuan) …………………………………………… …………………………………………… Thescelosynchroa pangu (Hsiao, Li, Liu &amp; Pang, 2016)</p><p>– Pronotum strongly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 2A), nearly as long as elytra at humeri; median lobe of the aedeagus tapered, not extending over the tegmen in natural condition ………………………………5</p><p>5. Sides of pronotum almost entirely margined; median part of posterior half of pronotum smooth and impunctate.NorthAmerica ……………………………………… Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838</p><p>– Sides of pronotum unmargined or only partially margined; median part of posterior half of pronotum not smooth. Asia …………………………………………………………………………6</p><p>6. Lateral margins of pronotum not margined …………………………………………………………7</p><p>– Lateral margins of pronotum distinctly margined in posterior one-third or one-fourth ………………8</p><p>7. Body and legs blackish-brown; parameres slender, basal part of median lobe gradually narrowed apically. Mainland China (Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu) …………… Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999</p><p>– Body and legs reddish to dark brown; parameres stout, basal one-fourth of median lobe subparallel. Taiwan …………………………………………………………… Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015</p><p>8. Antennae, maxillary palpi blackish-brown; body elongate, slender; prosternal process narrowed apically; aedeagus:parameres stout, wide, with lateral sides subparallel or sinuate.Vietnam; Laos …… ………………………………………………………………… Synchroa elongatula Nikitsky, 1999</p><p>– Antennae, legs and maxillary palpi reddish-brown; body stout; prosternal process with long oval apex; aedeagus: parameres slender, with lateral sides gradually narrowed apically ……………… ………………………………………………………………… Synchroa melanotoides Lewis, 1895</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D15FF97FF60FDB54E160C94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D14FF96FD84FE6A4A59098E.text	03C087BC7D14FF96FD84FE6A4A59098E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa Newman 1838	<div><p>Genus Synchroa Newman, 1838</p><p>Synchroa Newman, 1838: 378 .</p><p>Type species: Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838, by monotypy.</p><p>Phaiona Haldeman, 1848: 99 . Type species: Phaiona murina Haldeman, 1848 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This genus is similar to Synchroina and Thescelosynchroa gen. nov.; the differential diagnosis is given in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D14FF96FD84FE6A4A59098E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D14FF93FD97FC9949E50C94.text	03C087BC7D14FF93FD97FC9949E50C94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa punctata Newman 1838	<div><p>Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838</p><p>Figs 3A–B, 4A, G, 5A–B, M, 6A–E</p><p>Synchroa punctata Newman, 1838: 378 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species can be easily distinguished from other species of Synchroa by the following combination of characters: body densely covered by pale simple setae; pronotum smooth and impunctate in medio-longitudinal part of posterior half, lateral sides almost entirely margined; prosternal process with long oval apex; aedeagus: parameres moderately narrowed apically, abruptly strongly narrowed at apex.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 3 larvae, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.946945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.363888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.946945/lat 43.363888)">Hemlock Draw</a>, Sauk Co., Wisconsin, 43°21′50″ N, 89°56′49″ W, 30 Mar. 2001, D.S. Biggs leg. (YHC) ; 1 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.94278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.362778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.94278/lat 43.362778)">Hemlock Draw</a>, Sauk Co., Wisconsin, 43°21′46″ N, 89°56′34″ W, 11–20 Jun. 2001, Lindgren Funnel Trap, D. Young leg. (YHC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality data as previous, 6–11 Jul. 2001, Lindgren Funnel Trap, D. Young leg. (YHC); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same locality data as previous, 19–25 Jul. 2001, Lindgren Funnel Trap, D. Young leg. (YHC); 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.949165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.362778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.949165/lat 43.362778)">Merrill</a>, Marathon Co., Wisconsin, 22 Feb. 2003, E. Nowak leg. (YHC); 1 larva, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-89.949165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.362778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -89.949165/lat 43.362778)">Hemlock Draw, Sauk Co.,</a> Wisconsin, 43°21′46″ N, 89°56′57″ W, 21 Apr. 2003, A. Bendlin leg. (YHC); 5 larvae, Otter Creek, Rock Co., Wisconsin, 27 Apr. 2003, A. Bendlin leg. (YHC); 1 ex., West Jefferson, 20 km W of Columbus, Ohio, 6 Jun. 2008, Košťál leg. (OKCZ).</p><p>CANADA: 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.948&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.948/lat 42.995)">Warwick Conservation Area</a>, Ontario, 42.995 N, 81.948 W, Jul. 2014, collector unknown (OKCZ) ; 1 ex., Ottawa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.972/lat 45.275)">Stittsville</a>, Ontario, 45.275 N, 75.972 W, 3 Jul. 2014, collector unknown (OKCZ) ; 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.71467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.04384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.71467/lat 45.04384)">Cornwall</a>, Ontario, 45.04384 N, 74.71467 W, 14 Jul. 2014, collector unknown (OKCZ) ; 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.71467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.04384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.71467/lat 45.04384)">Cornwall</a>, Ontario, 45.04384 N, 74.71467 W, 14 Jul. 2014, collector unknown (OKCZ) ; 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.241&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.00255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.241/lat 43.00255)">Merritt island</a>, Ontario, 43.00255 N, 79.241 W, 16 Jul. 2014, collector unknown (OKZC) ; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.42/lat 45.55)">Boucherville</a>, Québec, 45.55 N, 73.42 W, 21 Aug. 2014, collector unknown (YHC) ; 1 ♂, Québec, 46.79416 N, 71.32895 W, 14 Jul. 2015, collector unknown (YHC); 2 ex., Brantford, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.35835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.15806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.35835/lat 43.15806)">Ontario</a>, 43.15806 N, 80.35835 W, 27 Jul. 2015, collector unknown (OKCZ) .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>COLOUR. Body and legs completely blackish-brown. Antennae brown in some specimens.</p><p>Male (Fig. 3A)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 9.50–11.50 mm; width: 2.25–2.75 mm.</p><p>BODY. Elongate, slightly flattened, elytra rather strongly narrowed posteriorly, covered with pale, elongate and decumbent setae.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes lateral, large, emarginate in front of antennal insertions, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.5–1.7. Antennae filiform, when directed backwards exceeding the humeri of elytra. Scape cylindrical, wider than other antennomeres, pedicel short, antennomere III–XI somewhat clavate, XI longest, length ca 4.5–4.6 times maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.90:1.00: 2.60:2.45: 2.30: 1.95: 1.85: 2.10:2.10: 1.90: 3.20. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform, apical margin moderately rounded, terminal angle somewhat obtuse. Surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; interspaces slightly narrower than puncture diameter.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Truncate anteriorly, anterior edge slightly concave, bisinuate posteriorly, with obtuse median lobe, width ca 1.4–1.5 times as long as length, ca 1.6–1.7 times as wide as head. Lateral sides rounded and strongly narrowed in anterior two-thirds toward head, subparallel in posterior one-third, completely or almost completely margined. Anterior angle rounded; posterior angle rectangular and obtuse. Disc slightly flattened medially, surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; spaces between punctures smaller than puncture diameter. Scutellum width ca 1.50–1.70 times length.</p><p>ELYTRA. Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, apex rounded, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.6–2.7 times width, surface lustrous. Disc covered with oval punctures, denser in lateral and basal part; interspaces wider than puncture diameter. Nine faint traces of striae in each elytron in dorsal view, stria I fused with II (numbered from suture to lateral side) (Fig. 4A), gradually shortened outwards; elytral striae indistinct in some specimens. Prosternum before procoxae about as long as shortest diameter of procoxae. Prosternal process long, margined laterally, long oval, extending well beyond procoxae; length behind procoxae longer than width between procoxae. Width between procoxae ca 0.2 times transverse coxa diameter. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, moderately punctate. Abdominal ventrite V truncate, with lateral sides nearly straight (Fig. 4G); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two rounded lobes on both sides, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5B); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5M); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, rounded apically, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5A); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5M).</p><p>LEGS. Slender. Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. The longest spur of hind tibiae ca 0.3 times as long as first tarsal segment; length ratio of tarsomeres as follows: 2.30: 1.00: 0.55: 0.85 (measured without claws). Claws simple.</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 6A–E). Lanceloate, basal piece curved dorsally, lateral sides roundly arcuate, narrowed basically. Parameres narrowly separated apically with a groove in dorsal median part; lateral sides of the aedeagus almost straight, slightly constricted medially (Fig. 6A–B) or distinctly widened in middle (Fig. 6C), moderately narrowed apically, abruptly strongly narrowed at apex, length ca 3.3–3.5 times maximum width. Median lobe elongate, tapered, strongly narrowed in the apical half.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3B)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 10.00– 13.50 mm; width: 2.50–3.00 mm.</p><p>BODY. Similar to male.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.9–2.0. Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 3.6–3.7 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.50: 1.00: 2.85:2.00: 1.70: 1.90: 1.70: 1.75: 1.70:1.75: 2.85.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times wider than length, ca 1.7 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.5–2.6 times width.</p><p>OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 3.1–3.2 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.</p><p>Notes</p><p>This species is fairly common in eastern North America, found on tree bark or attracted to light. It can also be collected using Malaise or Lindgren funnel traps. Larvae develop in the moist environment beneath the bark of decaying woods (Payne 1931; Young 1991, 2002; Majka &amp; Pollock 2006; Ślipiński &amp; Lawrence 2010).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Eastern North America: USA, Canada.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D14FF93FD97FC9949E50C94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D0DFF8DFD9DFEBD4A9C094A.text	03C087BC7D0DFF8DFD9DFEBD4A9C094A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa melanotoides Lewis 1895	<div><p>Synchroa melanotoides Lewis, 1895</p><p>Figs 3C–D, 4B, H, 5C–D, N, 6F–I</p><p>Synchroa melanotoides Lewis, 1895: 263 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles Synchroa elongatula Nikitsky, 1999 in pronotal configuration with lateral sides of the pronotum margined in posterior one-third to one-fourth, but it can be also separated by its reddishbrown antennae and legs; stout elytra; prosternal process with long oval apex; aedeagus: paramere more slender, with lateral sides gradually narrowed apically. It resembles S. punctata in the shape of the aedeagus, but can be separated in the body being closely covered with yellowish simple setae; eyes larger; pronotum margined in posterior one-third to one-fourth of lateral sides; prosternal process thinner; dorsal groove of aedeagus narrower basally.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>JAPAN: 1 ex., Matsum, date and collector unknown (HUM); 1 ♂, Kuzukawa, Hiraka-cho, Aomori Pref., 10 Aug. 1957, K. Shimoyama leg. (NMNS); 2 ♀♀, 1 ex., Kuzukawa, Hiraka-cho, Aomori Pref., 18 Aug. 1957, K. Shimoyama leg. (NMNS); 1 ♀, Kuzukawa, Hiraka-cho, Aomori Pref., 20 Aug. 1957, K. Shimoyama leg. (NMNS); 1 ♂, Kuzukawa, Hiraka-cho, Aomori Pref., 21 Aug. 1957, K. Shimoyama leg. (NMNS); 1 ♀, Mennoki-toge, Tsugu, Aichi Pref., 27–28 Jul. 1974, H. Yamada leg. (NMNS); 1 ♂, Kamitakara-mura, Gifu Pref., 11 Aug. 1979, M. Satô leg. (NMNS); 1 ♀, Ohboshi-yama, Tsushima, 30 Jun. 1980, N. Ohbayashi leg. (NMNS); 1 ex., Taniyama, Ohno-shi, Fukui Pref., 5–6 Aug. 1984, M. Saitȏ leg. (OKCZ); 1 ex., Kobiyaku Imaichi, Tochigi Pref., 20 Jul. 1986, K. Emoto leg. (OKCZ); 1 ex., Mt. Gomadan-zan, Ryûjin-mura, Hidaka-gun, Wakayama Pref., 10 Jul. 1988, H. Miyazaki leg. (OKCZ); 2 ex., Uchinokaya, Ina-shi, Nagano Pref., collected on host ( Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis) 1 May 1990, emerged 11–13 Jun. 1990, R. Toyoshima leg. (OKCZ); 2 ex., Mt. Asuwa, Fukui-shi, Fukui Pref., 18 Jun. 1994, M. Saitȏ leg. (OKCZ); 1 ex., Jyȏzan-kei, Minami-ku, Sapporoshi, Hokkaido, 7 Aug. 2008, R. Toyoshima leg. (OKCZ); 1 ♀, Fushimiinari, Fushimi, Kyoto Pref., 10 Jul. 2013, S. Makita leg. (YHC); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Kanayama [timber-yard], 43.510 N, 143.149 E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.149&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.149/lat 43.51)">Mianmifurano-chô, Sorachi-gun</a>, Hokkaido, 4 Aug. 2016, N. Kikuchi leg. (YHC).</p><p>Redescription</p><p>COLOUR. Body completely blackish-brown. Antennae and legs somewhat reddish-brown.</p><p>Male (Fig. 3C)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 8.25–10.50 mm; width: 2.00– 2.5 mm.</p><p>BODY. Elongate, slightly flattened, elytra rather strongly narrowed posteriorly, covered with yellowish, elongate and decumbent setae.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes lateral, large, emarginate in front of antennal insertions, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.2–1.3. Antennae filiform, when directed backwards exceeding the humeri of elytra. Scape cylindrical, wider than other antennomeres, pedicel short, antennomere III–XI somewhat clavate, XI longest, length ca 3.1–4.1 times maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.60: 1.00: 2.60:2.50: 2.10: 2.10: 2.05: 2.05: 1.85:1.75: 2.85. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform, apical margin moderately rounded, terminal angle somewhat obtuse. Surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; interspaces slightly narrower than puncture diameter.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Truncate anteriorly, anterior edge slightly concave, bisinuate posteriorly, with obtuse median lobe, width ca 1.4–1.5 times length, ca 1.5–1.6 times as wide as head. Lateral sides rounded and strongly narrowed in anterior two-thirds toward head, subparallel in posterior one-third, margined in posterior one-third to one-fourth. Anterior angle rounded; posterior angle rectangular and obtuse. Disc slightly flattened medially, surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; spaces between punctures smaller than puncture diameter. Scutellum width ca 1.4–1.6 times length.</p><p>ELYTRA. Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, apex rounded, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.4–2.6 times width, surface lustrous. Disc covered with oval punctures, denser in lateral and basal part; interspaces wider than puncture diameter. Nine faint traces of striae in each elytron from dorsal view, stria I fused with II (Fig. 4B), gradually shortened outwards, elytral striae indistinct in some specimens. Prosternum before procoxae about as long as shortest diameter of procoxae. Prosternal process long, margined laterally, long oval; length behind procoxae shorter than or as long as width between procoxae. Width between procoxae ca 0.2 times transverse coxa diameter. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, moderately punctate. Abdominal ventrite V subtruncate, with lateral sides nearly straight to slightly rounded (Fig. 4H); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two roundly angular lobes on both sides, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5D); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5N); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, rounded apically or emarginate in middle, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5C); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5N).</p><p>LEGS. Slender. Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. The longest spur of hind tibiae ca 0.2 times as long as first tarsal segment; length ratio of tarsomeres as follows: 2.10: 1.00: 0.50: 0.70 (measured without claws). Claws simple.</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 6F–I). Lanceloate, basal piece curved dorsally, lateral sides roundly arcuate, narrowed basically. Parameres narrowly separated apically and with a groove in dorsal median part, lateral sides straight, slightly narrowed apically, abruptly strongly narrowed at apex, length ca 3.0–3.9 times maximum width. Median lobe elongate, tapered, strongly narrowed apically in apical half.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3D)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 10.25–12.00 mm; width: 2.5–3.25 mm.</p><p>BODY. Similar to males.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:1.4–1.5. Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 2.8 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.90: 1.00: 2.10:2.30:2.25: 2.10:2.10: 2.05: 2.00: 1.90: 2.60.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times wider than length, ca 1.5–1.6 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.5 times width.</p><p>OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 3.0 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.</p><p>Notes</p><p>This is a common species in Japan, which can be captured at light (S. Makita, personal communication). Larvae can be collected under the bark of decaying oak wood (Hayashi 1975) and walnut trees, Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis . Nikitsky (1999) mentioned that antennomere XI of this species is ca 2.5–2.8 times as long as the width, whose data were followed by Hsiao (2015) and Hsiao et al. (2016). However, our examination shows that this species has a wider variation in the length of antennomere XI than previously documented.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Russia (Far East); Japan; Korea; China (Jilin) (Löbl 2008).</p><p>Notes</p><p>Nikitsky (1999) and Löbl (2008) indicated this species as present in Korea; these data were neglected by Hsiao (2015) and Hsiao et al. (2016). Thus, we herein list Korea in the distribution. Additionally, Löbl (2008) referred to China (Jilin prov.); however, we cannot find any further literature or specimen to confirm this assumption.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D0DFF8DFD9DFEBD4A9C094A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D0FFF8BFD94FDC24ACE0860.text	03C087BC7D0FFF8BFD94FDC24ACE0860.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky 1999	<div><p>Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999</p><p>Figs 3E–F, 4C, I, 5E–F, O, 6J–K, 7</p><p>Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999: 478 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015 by the unmargined lateral sides of pronotum, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: blackish-brown body and reddishbrown to dark brown antennae, apical maxillary palpomere and tarsi; aedeagus: more slender paramere and narrower basal part of median lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA (mainland): 2 ♂♂, Tajbashan Range, Houzhenzi vill. env., Shaanxi [prov.], 33°55′ N, 107°49′ E, 1900 m, 15 Aug.–15 Oct. 1999, collector unknown (OKZC); 1 ex., 15 km south of Shouman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.61667/lat 32.133335)">Daba Shan Mts</a>, Shaanxi Prov., 32°08´N, 108°37´E, 1800–2100 m, 25 May–14 Jul. 2000, A. Plutenko leg. (OKCZ) ; 1 ♀, Lueyang, Shaanxi prov., 23–30 May 2009, E. Kučera leg. (MAIC) ; 1 ♀, Qingchenghou Shan Mts, 70 km NW of Chengdu, Sichuan prov., 1500 m, 6–13 Aug. 2010, S. Murzin leg. (OKZC) ; 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Nanping (Jiunaigou) [= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.2383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.2435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.2383/lat 33.2435)">Jiuzhaigou</a>] env., Sichuan prov., 1700 m, 33.2435 N, 104.2383 E, 4–20 Jul. 2012, M. Murzin leg. (OKZC) ; 4 ♂♂, Lueyang env., Shaanxi [prov.], 21 Jun.–6 Jul. 2014, E. Kučera leg. (OKZC) ; 1 ♀, 100 km S of Jayuguan, Tulai env., NW of Gansu [prov.], 4200 m, 10 Jul. 2014, V. Patrikeev leg. (OKZC) .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Colour. Body and legs blackish-brown. Antennae, apical maxillary palpomere and tarsi reddish brown to dark brown.</p><p>Male (Fig. 3E)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 9.25–13.25 mm; width: 2.25–3.50 mm.</p><p>BODY. Elongate, slightly flattened, elytra rather strongly narrowed posteriorly, covered with yellowish, elongate and decumbent setae.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes lateral, large, emarginate in front of antennal insertions, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.3–1.5. Antennae filiform, when directed backwards exceeding the humeri of elytra. Scape cylindrical, wider than other antennomeres, pedicel short, antennomere III–XI somewhat clavate, XI longest, length ca 4.3–5.6 times maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.50: 1.00: 2.25:2.10: 1.85: 1.95: 1.95: 1.90: 1.85:1.60: 2.75. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform, apical margin moderately rounded, terminal angle somewhat obtuse. Surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; interspaces slightly narrower than puncture diameter.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Truncate anteriorly, bisinuate posteriorly, with obtuse median lobe, width ca 1.5 times length, ca 1.6–1.7 times as wide as head. Lateral sides slightly rounded and strongly narrowed in anterior twothirds toward head, subparallel in posterior one-third, unmargined. Anterior angle rounded; posterior angle rectangular and obtuse. Disc slightly flattened medially, surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; spaces between punctures smaller than puncture diameter. Scutellum with width ca 1.6–1.7 times length.</p><p>ELYTRA. Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, apex rounded, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.4–2.7 times width, surface lustrous. Disc covered with oval punctures, denser in lateral and basal part; interspaces wider than puncture diameter. Eight faint traces of striae in each elytron from dorsal view, stria I fused with II (Fig. 4C), gradually shortened outwards, only four traces of elytral striae present or extremely indistinct in some specimens. Prosternum before procoxae about as long as shortest diameter of procoxae. Prosternal process long, margined laterally, rounded and narrowed apically; length behind procoxae longer than width between procoxae. Width between procoxae ca 0.3 times transverse coxa diameter. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, moderately punctate. Abdominal ventrite V subtruncate, with lateral sides somewhat rounded (Fig. 4I); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two roundly angular lobes on both sides, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5F); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5O); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, rounded apically or slightly emarginate in middle, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5E); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5O).</p><p>LEGS. Slender. Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. The longest spur of hind tibiae ca 0.3 times as long as first tarsal segment; length ratio of tarsomeres as follows: 2.35: 1.00: 0.55: 0.85 (measured without claws). Claws simple.</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 6J–K). Lanceloate, basal piece curved dorsally, lateral sides narrowed basically. Parameres narrowly separated apically and with a groove in dorsal median part, lateral sides slightly sinuate, moderately narrowed apically, abruptly strongly narrowed at apex, length ca 3.5–3.9 times maximum width. Median lobe elongate, tapered, strongly narrowed apically in apical half.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3F)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 9.50–13.00 mm (11.50 in holotype); width: 2.25–3.25 mm.</p><p>BODY. Similar to males.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.2–1.5 (1.49 in holotype). Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 2.9 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 2.20: 1.00: 2.10: 1.90: 1.85:1.90: 2.00: 1.90: 1.80: 1.80:2.40.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5–1.6 times wider than length (1.5 in holotype), ca 1.5–1.6 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.4–2.5 times width (2.6–2.7 in holotype).</p><p>OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 2.6–3.0 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the original description, Nikitsky (1999) provided as diagnostic character the presence of faint striae only in apical part and illustrated it. This character together with the posteriorly narrowed elytra has been used in Hsiao (2015) and Hsiao et al. (2016) as comparative information to distinguish S. formosana . However, in the course of this study we discovered that the elytral striae are variable, noticeable on the entire elytron or even indistinct in some specimens. Elytral striae of synchroids are vague and difficult to observe accurately if the specimen is dry and not dissected, consequently it is possible that the elytral striae of the holotype have not been not observed correctly.After examining a large number of specimens, the shape of the elytra appears proved to be variable as well (length ca 2.4–2.7 times width). Therefore, we eliminate both inappropriate characters from the diagnosis and re-diagnose the differences between the species (see the detail in diagnosis and key).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu) (Fig. 7).</p><p>Notes</p><p>This species was described based on a single female from Qingchengshan in Sichuan Province. On the basis of new available specimens S. chinensis is confirmed as a valid species, distributed in Shaanxi and Gansu province.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D0FFF8BFD94FDC24ACE0860	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D08FF89FD8DFEBD4A1B09EA.text	03C087BC7D08FF89FD8DFEBD4A1B09EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa formosana Hsiao 2015	<div><p>Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015</p><p>Figs 3G–H, 4D, J, 5G–H, P, 6L, 8</p><p>Synchroa formosana Hsiao, 2015: 244 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species is similar to Synchroa chinensis Nikitsky, 1999 in possessing unmargined lateral sides of pronotum, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: reddish-brown to brown body and legs; aedeagus: wider and more rounded paramere and wider basal part of median lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 3G) TAIWAN: ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.01945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.191666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.01945/lat 24.191666)">Malunshan</a>, 1167 m, 24°11′30″ N, 121°1′10″ E, 4 Apr. 2013, ex larva, Y. Hsiao leg. (NMNS).</p><p>Paratype TAIWAN: 1 ex., same data as for holotype (NMNS).</p><p>Other material</p><p>TAIWAN: 1 ♀, Fushan, Ilan Co., 29 May 1995, light trap, site C, 2000, A. Warneke leg. (TFRI) ; 1 ♂, Tengchih, Kaoshiang, 18 Aug. 2008, C.-T. Yao leg. (TARI) ; 1 ♀, Ssumahsien Trail, Miaoli, 9 Jul. 2011, Y.-L. Lin leg. (TARI) ; 1 ♀, Fenchihu, Chiayi, 4 Sep. 2012, C.-F. Lee leg. (TARI) ; 1 ♂, Dalulintao [= Dalu Forest Trail], Wufeng, Hsinchu, 1 Jul. 2017, Y.-L. Lin leg. (YHC).</p><p>Supplementary description of male</p><p>ABDOMEN. Abdominal ventrite V subtruncate, with lateral sides somewhat rounded, terminal margin slightly emarginate in middle (Fig. 4J); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two roundly angular lobes on both sides, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5H); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5P); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, emarginate in middle, moderately pubescent apically (Fig. 5G); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5P).</p><p>Supplementary description of female (Fig. 3H)</p><p>MAESUREMENTS. Length: 10.90–13.00 mm; width: 2.95–3.35 mm.</p><p>BODY. Similar to males.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:1.6–2.0. Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 3.3–4.0 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 2.00:1.00:2.30:2.00:2.10:2.00: 1.90: 2.00:2.10: 2.00: 2.85.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times as wide as length, ca 1.7–1.8 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.6–2.7 times width.</p><p>OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 2.7–3.0 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.</p><p>Notes</p><p>Although this species was described as having elytral striae in the basal half of the elytron, we discovered that the elytral striae are noticeable on the entire elytron (Fig. 4D) or indistinct in some specimens. Besides, elytral striae on each elytron vary from 4–7 traces in this species. On the other hand, we examined one specimen having narrower apical half of paramere than the holotype (Fig. 6L). After examination of the external morphological characters and the median lobe of the aedeagus, and in consideration of the intraspecific variation of other synchroids, we herein conclude that it is conspecific with S. formosana .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Taiwan (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D08FF89FD8DFEBD4A1B09EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D0AFF87FD9FFEBD49630A2B.text	03C087BC7D0AFF87FD9FFEBD49630A2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroa elongatula Nikitsky 1999	<div><p>Synchroa elongatula Nikitsky, 1999</p><p>Figs 3I, 4E, K, 5I –J, Q, 6M–N</p><p>Synchroa elongatula Nikitsky, 1999: 476 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles Synchroa melanotoides in pronotal structure, with lateral sides margined in posterior one-third to one-fourth, but it can be distinguished by its blackish brown antennae and legs; elongate and slender elytra; prosternal process narrowed apically; aedeagus: paramere wider, with lateral sides subparallel or sinuate. It is also similar to S. formosana, but differs in partially margined pronotum; aedeagus: basal part of median lobe narrower.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>LAOS: 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.833336/lat 20.2)">Ban Satuei village env</a>., 20 ° 12′ N, 103°50′ E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.833336/lat 20.2)">Mt. Phu Pane</a>, 1200–1900 m, Huaphanne prov. [= Houaphanh prov. in NE Laos], 1–20 May 2014, St. Jakl and Lao leg. (OKZC).</p><p>Supplementary description of male from Laos (Fig. 3I)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 11.50 mm (10.00–11.00 in type series); width: 3.00 mm.</p><p>HEAD. Ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.6 (1.41–1.49 in type series). Antennomere XI ca 3.0 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.65: 1.00: 2.10:1.95: 1.50: 1.50: 1.40: 1.50: 1.55:1.50: 2.20.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times wider than length, ca 1.7 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Ca 3.0 times as long as maximum width. Seven faint traces of striae in each elytron from dorsal view, stria I fused with II (Fig. 4E), gradually shortened outwards. Prosternal process long, margined laterally, rounded and narrowed apically; length behind procoxae longer than width between procoxae. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, moderately punctate.Abdominal ventrite V truncate, with lateral sides rounded (Fig. 4K); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two roundly angular lobes on both sides, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5J); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5Q); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, rounded apically, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5I); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5Q).</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 6M–N). Lanceloate, basal piece curved dorsally, lateral sides narrowed basically. Parameres narrowly separated apically and with a groove in dorsal median part, lateral sides distinctly widened in middle, length ca 3.2 times maximum width. Median lobe elongate, tapered, strongly narrowed apically in apical half.</p><p>Notes</p><p>In the original description, this species was mentioned as having striae only in the apical part of the elytral suture. However, we discovered extremely indistinct elytral striae on this specimen. Together with our analysis of this character, it is possible that the elytral striae of the type series are too faint to observe or this character varies from absent to indistinct within this species. On the other hand, although most of the characters are in accordance with the original description, the parameres of this specimen are different from the illustration given in Nikitsky (1999) by its distinctly widened lateral sides and narrower dorsal groove, which implies that it could belong to another taxon new to science. Considering the insufficient material, intraspecific variation within other species and geographic distribution, we herein regard this specimen as representing a variation of S. elongatula instead of giving it a new taxonomic status.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Vietnam; Laos, new record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D0AFF87FD9FFEBD49630A2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D05FF87FD94FECB4A590910.text	03C087BC7D05FF87FD94FECB4A590910.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroina Fairmaire 1898	<div><p>Genus Synchroina Fairmaire, 1898</p><p>Synchroina Fairmaire, 1898: 399 .</p><p>Type species: Synchroa tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This genus is similar to Synchroa and Thescelosynchroa gen. nov.; the differential diagnosis is given in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D05FF87FD94FECB4A590910	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D05FF85FDF5FD184F640952.text	03C087BC7D05FF85FDF5FD184F640952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire 1898	<div><p>Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898</p><p>Figs 3J–K, 4F, L, 5K–L, R, 6O–P, 9</p><p>Synchroina tenuipennis Fairmaire, 1898: 399 .</p><p>Synchroa malaccana Pic, 1917: 14 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species resembles Synchroina cuneata (Champion, 1916), but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: elytra densely and coarsely punctate, spaces between punctures mostly less than 0.5 times puncture diameter; sutural stria on elytra shallower; aedeagus: basal piece ca 0.7–0.9 times parameres (Champion 1916; Nikitsky 1999).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>MALAYSIA: 1 ♂, Korbu mt., Banjaran Titi Wangsa mts, 25 km NE of IPOH, Perak, 1200 m, 27 Jan.–2 Feb. 1999, P. Čechovský leg. (OKZC) ; 1 ♂, Korbu mt., Banjaran Titi Wangsa mts, 25 km NE of IPOH, Perak, 1200 m, 1–15 Apr. 2000, P. Čechovský leg. (OKZC) ; 1 ♀, Tanah Rata env., gun. Jasar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.37383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.4708333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.37383/lat 4.4708333)">Cameron Highlands</a>, Pahang distr., 0 4 ° 28.25′ N, 101°22.43′ E, 1450–1650 m, 14 Mar.–7 Apr. 2011, R. Hergovits leg. (OKZC) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Noring Timur, 150 km S of Jeli, Kg. Tunku, Kelantan, 1200 m, 21 Feb.–14 Mar. 2013, P. Čechovský leg. (OKZC) ; 1 ♂, Kampong Perias, Mt. Chamah, 70 km NW of Gua Musang, Kelantan, 1900 m, 17 Apr.–9 May. 2014, P. Čechovský leg. (OKZC).</p><p>INDONESIA: 1 ♂, Solok, W. Sumatra, Sep. 1995, unknown collector (OKZC); 1 ♀, Haratai env., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.55528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.7827778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.55528/lat -2.7827778)">Loksado</a>, 2°46′58″ S, 115°33′19″ E, S Kalimantan, 13–17 Oct. 2014, R. Gabriš leg. (OKZC) .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>COLOUR. Body and legs reddish-brown to blackish-brown.</p><p>Male (Fig. 3J)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 6.50–9.25 mm; width: 1.50–2.25 mm.</p><p>BODY. Elongate, slightly flattened, elytra rather strongly narrowed posteriorly, covered with yellowish, elongate and decumbent setae.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes lateral, large, emarginate in front of antennal insertions, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.8–2.0. Antennae filiform, when directed backwards exceeding the humeri of elytra. Scape cylindrical, wider than other antennomeres, pedicel short, antennomere III–XI somewhat clavate, XI longest, length ca 3.5–4.4 times maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 1.65: 1.00: 2.25:2.10: 1.90: 2.00: 2.05: 2.05: 2.10:1.90: 2.50. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform, apical margin rounded, terminal angle somewhat obliquely truncate. Surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; interspaces slightly narrower than puncture diameter.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Truncate anteriorly, bisinuate posteriorly, with obtuse median lobe, width ca 1.5 times length, ca 1.4–1.5 times as wide as head. Lateral sides slightly rounded and moderately narrowed in anterior two-thirds toward head, subparallel in posterior one-third, shortly margined basally. Anterior angle rounded; posterior angle rectangular and obtuse. Disc slightly flattened medially, surface lustrous, densely and coarsely punctate; spaces between punctures smaller than puncture diameter. Scutellum width ca 1.5–1.9 times length.</p><p>ELYTRA. Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, apex rounded, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.6 times width, surface lustrous. Disc covered with oval punctures, denser in lateral and basal part; interspaces narrower as long as or slightly wider than puncture diameter. 4–8 faint traces of striae in each elytron from dorsal view, stria I fused with II (Fig. 4F), gradually shortened outwards, elytral striae indistinct in some specimens. Prosternum before procoxae about as long as shortest diameter of procoxae. Prosternal process long, margined laterally, rounded and narrowed apically; length behind procoxae longer than width between procoxae. Width between procoxae ca 0.4 times transverse coxa diameter. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, smooth. Abdominal ventrite V truncated apically, with terminal margin serrate and slightly concave, serrations at both sides larger than in middle, lateral sides nearly straight (Fig. 4L); sternite VIII concave in middle of apical edge, forming two hornshaped lobes curved inwards on both sides, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5L); sternite IX without spiculum gastrale on apical edge (Fig. 5R); tergite VIII without median strut on apical edge, subtruncated apically, emarginate in middle, densely pubescent apically (Fig. 5K); tergite IX and X completely fused, rounded apically, densely pubescent on apical edge (Fig. 5R).</p><p>LEGS. Slender. Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. The longest spur of hind tibiae ca 0.2 times as long as first tarsal segment; length ratio of tarsomeres as follows: 2.50:1.00: 0.50: 0.75 (measured without claws). Claws serrate.</p><p>AEDEAGUS (Fig. 6O–P). Lanceloate, basal piece curved dorsally, lateral sides narrowed basically. Parameres narrowly separated apically, with inner margin narrowly concave, dorsal median part with a groove, lateral sides subparallel, slightly sinuate, strongly narrowed at apex, length ca 3.1–3.5 times maximum width. Median lobe elongate, clavate, slightly narrowed apically.</p><p>Female (Fig. 3K)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Length: 8.00– 9.25 mm; width: 2.00– 2.25 mm.</p><p>BODY. Similar to males.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes smaller than in male, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0: 1.6–1.9. Antennae shorter in male, when directed backwards extending the posterior edge of pronotum, antennomere XI ca 3.2 times as long as maximum width. Length ratio of antennomeres as follows: 2.00: 1.00: 2.30: 2.20: 2.05:2.10: 2.05: 2.05: 2.10: 2.10: 2.90.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Ca 1.5 times wider than length, ca 1.5 times as wide as head.</p><p>ELYTRA. Slightly wider than in male, as wide as pronotal width at humeri, length ca 2.5–2.6 times width.</p><p>OVIPOSITOR. Paraproct elongate, ca 2.6–2.8 times length of coxite, sides straight and subparallel; proctiger subtruncate.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Malaysia; Indonesia (West Sumatra, South Kalimantan), new record (see below) (Fig. 9).</p><p>Notes</p><p>This species was described based on specimens from “ Perak, Sumatra ” (Fairmaire 1898); however, Nikitsky (1999) mentioned that only “ Perak ” was written on the label, and there is no locality in Sumatra called Perak; it is in Malaysia. During our study S. tenuipennis is newly recorded for Indonesia, based on two specimens from West Sumatra and South Kalimantan, respectively.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D05FF85FDF5FD184F640952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D07FF84FD97F9944A580FE1.text	03C087BC7D07FF84FD97F9944A580FE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thescelosynchroa Hsiao & Ondřej Konvička & Chiun-Cheng Ko 2018	<div><p>Genus Thescelosynchroa gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88962476-A4E1-4040-95E5-E2E4E314CDB0</p><p>Type species</p><p>Synchroa pangu Hsiao, Li, Liu &amp; Pang, 2016, here designated .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This genus is similar to Synchroa and Synchroina; the differential diagnosis is given in Table 2.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The genus name is composed of the Greek prefix ‘ Thescelos ’, meaning ‘marvellous, wonderful’ and the root - synchroa derived from the type genus of Synchroidae . It is feminine in gender.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>BODY. Elongate, slender, slightly flattened, elytra rather strongly narrowed posteriorly.</p><p>HEAD. Eyes lateral, large, emarginate in front of antennal insertions. Antennae filiform, when directed backwards exceeding the humeri of elytra. Scape cylindrical, wider than other antennomeres, pedicel short, antennomere III–XI somewhat clavate, XI longest. Apical maxillary palpomere securiform, apical margin moderately rounded, terminal angle somewhat obtuse.</p><p>PRONOTUM. Truncate anteriorly, bisinuate posteriorly, with obtuse median lobe. Lateral sides rounded and narrowed in anterior two-thirds toward head, subparallel in posterior one-third. Anterior angle rounded; posterior angle rectangular and obtuse.</p><p>ELYTRA. Elongate, narrowed posteriorly, wider than pronotum at humeri (e.g., 1.2 times in holotype of type species). Prosternal process complete, broad, extending well beyond procoxae. Mesoventrite with shallow, oval mesoventral cavity, punctate.</p><p>LEGS. Slender. Tarsomeres simple, tarsal formula 5-5-4. Claws simple.</p><p>AEDEAGUS. Lanceloate. Parameres fused together forming apicale, narrowly separated apically and with a groove in dorsal median part. Median lobe long, slender and clavate, extending from the tegmen in natural condition.</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D07FF84FD97F9944A580FE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
03C087BC7D06FF84FE82FB564AE50C93.text	03C087BC7D06FF84FE82FB564AE50C93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thescelosynchroa pangu (Hsiao, Li, Liu & Pang 2016) Hsiao & Ondřej Konvička & Chiun-Cheng Ko 2018	<div><p>Thescelosynchroa pangu (Hsiao, Li, Liu &amp; Pang, 2016) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3L, 6Q–R</p><p>Synchroa pangu Hsiao, Li, Liu &amp; Pang, 2016: 596 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype (Fig. 3 L) CHINA (mainland): ♂, Sichuan prov., Ya’an, Tianquan, Labahe, 1500–2500 m, 8–9 Jul. 2012, Living [= Yun Li, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China] and M.-C. Chen leg. (SYSBM) .</p><p>Description</p><p>See details in Hsiao et al. (2016).</p><p>Notes</p><p>Two errata were present in the original description and are corrected as follows: (1) the ventral view of aedeagus was misplaced as dorsal view in figures 6–8; (2) transverse coxal diameter is 4.38 times width between fore coxae, rather than the width between fore coxae 4.38 times transverse coxa diameter.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Sichuan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087BC7D06FF84FE82FB564AE50C93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hsiao, Yun;Ondřej Konvička;Chiun-Cheng Ko	Hsiao, Yun, Ondřej Konvička, Chiun-Cheng Ko (2018): The world fauna of Synchroidae Lacordaire, 1859 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea, Synchroidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 407: 1-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.407
