identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C087CF0F2AAA4EFF6EFF1D15F8F989.text	03C087CF0F2AAA4EFF6EFF1D15F8F989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia Babics, Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia Babics, Kononenko &amp; Saldaitis gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Ammoconia parvispina Tschetverikov, 1904 [Russia, Tuva AutonomicRepublic] here designated .</p><p>Diagnosis. The species of the new genus have typical noctuoid wing pattern, in most cases with full set of the lines and stigmata. Facially they resemble Atrachea spp. (Figs. 1, 2), or Apamea spp, however have somewhat narrower elongate forewing and never have green elements of wing pattern which often presented in Atrachea spp. The features of the genitalia of both sexes show characters distinct from Apameini and indicate for the position of the new genus in the tribe Xylenini . Compared with A. nitens and other Apameini, the valva in Parvispinia have fully developed harpe and clear, more or less developed digitus (ventral extension of costa), while in Apameini and Atrachea particularly only strong digitus presented and the harpe is completely reduced of vestigial; the juxta (fultura interior) of Parvispinia has characteristic U-like shape with two lateral extensions, while in most Apameini juxta is shield-like or anchor-like. The vesica of Atrachea usually armed with strong single cornutus or unarmed, while the vesica in Parvispinia armed with two patches of the minute needle-like cornuti and in one case by two patches of small and two large cornutus. Females of all species of Parvispinia have modified telescopic ovipositor with very long apophyses anteriores and posteriores, long, heavily sclerotised ovipositor lobes, covered with short setae, adopted for laying eggs to folded substrate. The structure of papillae anales is different from those of Apameini, having sclerotised, rather short, laterally broadest, flattened dorso-ventrally ovipositor lobes with two heavily sclerotised rod-like structures between the ovipositor lobes (absent in Parvispinia).</p><p>Description. Adult (Figs. 3–15). Medium sized moths, wingspan 36–49 mm. Head rounded, frons covered with scales; labial palps short, with very small 3 rd segment, about 1/4 of 2 nd; proboscis developed; antennae filiform, fasciculate; eye moderate, rounded; ocelli present; head and thorax covered with brown and yellowish scales, thoracic and abdominal crests present in some species, formed with brown and blackish scales. Tibia without spines, segments of tarsus with three regular rows of spines. Forewing shape somewhat narrow, elongate; hindwing venation typical for trifine Noctuidae (i.e. vein M2 strongly reduces or missing); wing colour grey, brown or reddish-brown; wing pattern includes main elements, typical for Noctuidae . Abdomen without coremata. Male genitalia (Figs. 17–22). Subscaphium sclerotised. Uncus moderate in length, rather thin, slightly arched, tapered to apex, tegumen broad, with large penicular lobes; vinculum equal or somewhat shorter than tegument, narrow with rather broad V-like saccus; paratergal sclerites recurved; juxta characteristic for the genus, U-like shape with two lateral extensions; valvae symmetrical, parallel margins, oblique cut at apex, cucullus not separated, with distinct one-row corona; costa strong, with small flat broad digitus, not exceeded ventral margin of valva; sacculus relatively small, clasper positioned in mid of valva, as longitudinal plate, harpe moderate long, flattened, often expanded apically. Aedeagus somewhat curved, vesica tubular, in some species extended medially, with 1–2 medial diverticula, usually bearing two row of small cornuti in subapical part. Female genitalia (Figs. 24–30). Ovipositor telescopic. Papillae elongate, rather thin, heavily sclerotised, apically pointed, bearing short setae in apical part; apophyses posteriores and anteriores thin, very long, posterior apophyses about 3/4 length of anterior ones; 8 th segment elongate, ostium split-like, antrum small, shallow cup-like; ductus bursae long, membranous, in joining with bursae usually sclerotised and wrinkled; corpus bursae relatively small, ovoid, sclerotised in joining with ductus, with clear, usually with moderate appendix; ductus seminalis arises from appendix bursae.</p><p>Distribution. The genus occurs predominantly in the Central-Asian subregion of the Palaearctic from South Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia, through Mongolia to West China.</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is derived from the name of its type species, parvispina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F2AAA4EFF6EFF1D15F8F989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F28AA4CFF6EFF1D15F5FA0A.text	03C087CF0F28AA4CFF6EFF1D15F5FA0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia parvispina (Tschetverikov 1904) Babics & Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia parvispina (Tschetverikov, 1904), comb. n.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 4, 17, 24, 25)</p><p>(?) Ammoconia parvispina Tschetverikov, 1904, Revue Russe d ' Entomologie. 4: 78. Type locality: [Russia, Tuva Autonomic Republic, W Sayan, Khemchic river] Sojotorum, Kemtchik. Lectotype presently designated, male, ZI, St-Petersburg.</p><p>References: Corti &amp; Draudt 1931 –1938: 88, Pl. 12l ( Atrachea); Varga 1982: 214, Pl. 4: 7, (male genitalia) ( Atrachea); Poole 1989: 139 ( Atrachea); Chen, Wang &amp; Lin, 1991: 156, Pl. 8:1 ( Atrachea); Chen 1999: 634, Pl. 29:2 ( Atrachea); Kononenko 2005: 154 ( Atrachea).</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype (designated herein) male, [Russia, Tuva Autonomic Republic] Kemchik, Uryanhai W, 13.viii.02, ORIG (ZISP) . Paralectotype: 1 male, Siberia, Eniseji, viii.1903, ex coll. Meinghardt. Other material examined: 1 male, 1 female, W Mongolia, Kemchik, Chul River, 13–15.viii.1903, leg. Grum-Grzhimailo 1 male Minusinsk, Museum garden, 15.ix.[?], leg. V. Kozhanchikov ; 1 male, vic. Minusinsk, 30.vii.1920, ex larva, leg. A. Gerasimov ; 3 males, 1 female, vic. Minusinsk, 9–15.ix.1925 , 1 female, 11.viii.1927; 15 males, 5 females, 16.viii.–4.ix.1928; 4 males, 1 female, 3–6.viii.1929; 1 male, 1 female, 18–29.viii.1930; 1 female, 31.viii.1934, all leg V. Kozhanchikov; 2 males; Irkutsk, 7.viii.1953, leg. L. Vorzheva ; 1 male, [China] north slope Nan Shan, ex larva, leg. Grum-Grzhimailo ; 1 male, Irkutsk, Gorkova Street, 12.viii.1971, leg. Bundel ; 2 males, Tyva, Kyzyl, 18.viii.1977, leg. P. Bogdanov (ex coll. A. V. Nekrasov) ; 1 male, Amur reg., Blagoveschensk, 28.viii.1983, leg. [?] (ex coll. A. V. Nekrasov) ; 1 male, Buryatskaya Autonomic Republic, Kabanskyi reg., Tankhoi, 15.ix.1976, leg. R. Ionov (ex coll. A. V. Nekrasov), Prep. Nekrasov 1223 (all ZISP); I male , 1 female, Irkutsk, 11–12, 17.viii.1968, leg. O.Sotavalta (ZMHU); 1 male, 1 female, Russia, Transbailkalia, Borzja, genit. Prep. 7268LR, 7269LR ; 1 male, Russia, Siberia, Irkutsk <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.183334/lat 52.083332)">Reg</a>, 104°11'E, 52°05'N, leg. Zouhar (coll. GB) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The imago of A. parvispina (Figs. 3, 4) can be recognized from the related species by grey with reddish ting wing colour, clearly expressed arched antemedial line, large orbicular and reniform and presence of the row of thin blackish streaks in submedial field. In male genitalia (Fig. 17) it differs by narrower valva, shorter harpe and smaller, hardly traceable digitus; aedeagus with tubular vesica, without diverticula with fine scobination in distal part. The female genitalia (Fig. 24, 25) differ by shallow cup-like antrum and shape of appendix bursae with sclerotised wrinkled cervix in joining with ductus bursae.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. Central Asian. Russia, South Siberia (Tuva, W and E Sayan, Irkutsk reg., Transbaikalia, south of Amur reg., Blagoveschensk); Mongolia, North and West China. Xerothermic species, occurs in dry steppe and forest-steppe biotopes.</p><p>Notes. The original description of Ammoconia parvispina was published in Latin and German. The typelocality and flight period in the Latin part of the description are stated as “Hab. In terra Sojotorum ad flumen Kemtchik. Volat ad finem mensis Augusti” Two males referred as examined material in German part of the description: “ 2 males Flusse Kemtschik (Zwischen den Gebirgen Sajan und Tannu-Ola gefangen. Zweite Halfte August (P.Sushkin).” One of them is designated above as the lectotype. The type-locality in current interpretation is Russia, Tuva Autonomic Republic, Khemchik river. Since Corti &amp; Draudt (1931 –1938) the species has been treated in the genus Atrachea, while Kononenko (2001, 2005) noted its uncertain position.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F28AA4CFF6EFF1D15F5FA0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F28AA4AFF6EF9B412A4FC27.text	03C087CF0F28AA4AFF6EF9B412A4FC27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia cortex (Alpheraky 1887) Babics & Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia cortex (Alphéraky, 1887) comb. n.</p><p>(Figs. 5, 6, 18, 26)</p><p>Miselia cortex Alphéraky, 1887, Entomologische Zeitung. Entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 48: 169, Type locality: [Kyrgizstan] Turkestan, Tura, Aram Kungei. Lectotype presently designated, male, ZI, Sankt-Peterburg.</p><p>Miselia cortex var. corticula Püngeler, 1901 . Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Gesellschaft Iris zu Dresden, 14:185, Pl. 2:16.: Type-locality: China, Xinjiang. Syntypes: MNHU, Berlin.</p><p>References: Alphéraky 1889: 159, Pl. 7:4 ( Miselia); Hampson 1906: 381, Fig. 124 ( Atrachea); Warren 1909–1914: 139 ( Atrachea); Poole 1989: 130 ( Athaumasta); Chen, 1982: 2259 ( Atrachea); Chen, Wang &amp; Lin, 1991: 216, Pl. 12:17 ( Atrachea); Chen 1999: 582, Pl. 26:7 ( Atrachea); Lehman et al. 1998: 610 ( Atrachea); Lehmann &amp; Bergmann 2005: 28 ( Atrachea).</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype (designated herein) male, [Kyrgizstan] Tura, Aram Kungei, leg. Gr. Gr., type; Paralectotype, 1 female, same label. Other material examined: 1 male, ара -tереk, 29.viii. [Year not indicated], 8500', collector unknown; 3 males, [Kazakhstan] Semiretchensk, Naryn, 2140', 17.vii.–9.ix.1908, leg. V. Dazenko; 1 male, 2 females, Semiretchensk, Naryn, 15–27.viii.1906, leg. Akulin ; 1 male male, Naryn, 21.vii.1986, leg. A. Kondratyev, (ex coll. A. V. Nekrasov) , Prep. Nekrasov 916a; 1 female, Pamir merid-occ., Fl. Schah – Dara, prope loc. Nemos, 2800 m, 2.viii.1956, leg. A. Bundel ; 1 female, Pamir, Horog, Hortus Botan., 2300 m, 4.viii.1966. leg. M. Zaprjagaev ; 1 male, female, Pamir, Horog, Shivoz, 2800 m, 7.ix.1983, leg. М. Zaprjagaev, (ex coll. A. V. Nekrasov) ; 1 male, Uzbekistan, 60 km ESE Tashkent, Chatkalsky reserve, 14.x.1992, leg . V. Zolotukhin (all ZISP); 1 male, Turkmenia, Ili, prep. 3088LR (HNHM). 1 male, Tajikistan, N slope of Great Peter range, Darai-Nazarak valley, right side, Ganishou, 25.viii.1977: 2110, Yu.L. Schetkin leg. ; 1 female Tajikistan, N slope of Great Peter range, 14 km SW Tajikabad, right side, Ganishou, 3.viii.1977: 2180, Yu.L. Schetkin leg. (coll. GB) . 1 male, Kazakhstan, Prov. Almaty, Toraygir Mts., Charyn River, 1060 m, N43˚16'; E078˚58', 17. vii. 2009, leg. B. Benedek (coll. Floriani) .</p><p>Diagnosis. A. cortex (Figs. 5, 6) differs from partially sympatric A. parvispina by reddish-brown forewing colour, smaller orbicular and reniform and dentate antemedial line. It could be confused with A. parilis, described below, but well differs by less contrast wing pattern and absence of reddish-brown colour in subbasal and subterminal fields (contrast greyish in A. parilis). The other distinctive characters referred in the diagnosis of A. parilis . In male genitalia (Fig. 18) it differs by broad, relatively short valva, strong curved, extended and rounded apically harpe and strong broad triangular digitus reaching the ventral margin of valva; aedeagus with tubular vesica, without diverticula, bearing two patches of small cornuti and two moderate strong cornuti. The female genitalia (Fig. 26) differ by very strong apophyses anteriores and posteriors, weakly sclerotised antrum, relatively small corpus bursae with sclerotised wrinkled bar in caudal part and four ribbon-like signums in posterior part.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. Central Asian. Kazakhstan, Kyrgizstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, West China. Xerothermic species occurring in the xeromontane steppe biotopes.</p><p>Notes. The species was placed to the genus Atrachea by Hampson 1906; Poole (1989) incorrectly referred cortex in the genus Athaumasta Hampson, 1906 (subfamily Bryophilinae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F28AA4AFF6EF9B412A4FC27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F2EAA4AFF6EFB9C10C5F95B.text	03C087CF0F2EAA4AFF6EFB9C10C5F95B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia caelestina (Gyulai & Ronkay 2001) Babics & Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia caelestina (Gyulai &amp; Ronkay, 2001), comb. n.</p><p>(Figs. 7, 8, 19, 27)</p><p>Atrachea caelestina Gyulai &amp; Ronkay 2001, Esperiana, Buchreihe zur Entomologie, 8:694, Pl. 33: 27–18. Holotype: male, China, Qinghai, Anemaqing Mts., 10 km SO Xue Shan, N Dong Qing Gou, 3800m, Coll. P. Gyulai).</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: male, China, Qinghai, Anemaqing Mts., 10 km SO Xoe Shan, N Dong Qing Gou, 3800m, leg. P. Gyulai &amp; A. Garai. /Dr. P. Gylai Hungary / Holotype Atrachea caelestina Gyulai &amp; Ronkay 2001 / Atrachea caelestina sp.n. male, slide No. PGy1247. Paratype: female, China, Qinghai, Anemaqing Mts., 10 km SO Xoe Shan, N Dong Qing Gou, 3800m, leg. P. Gyulai &amp; A. Garai. Dr. P. Gylai Hungary, slide No. PGy1205 (in coll. Ronkay).</p><p>Diagnosis. Imago of A. caelestina (Figs. 7, 8) can be separated from other species by reddish-brown ground colour of forewing with distinct pale reddish spot behind reniform and reddish suffusion in antemedial and subterminal fields, dark-brown basal part of reniform and clear large, rounded claviform. In male genitalia (Fig. 19) it differs by rectangular shape of juxta with two lateral extensions, broad harpe, clear broad triangular digitus; aedeagus with vesica somewhat extended medially, bearing two medial diverticula, in apical part armed by two rows of small needle-like cornuti. In female genitalia (Fig. 27) papillae anales narrower compared with other species, antrum very shallow, cervix bursae weakly sclerotised, wrinkled.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. West China (Qinghai). The species was collected in dry stony mountain steppe at an elevation of 3800 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F2EAA4AFF6EFB9C10C5F95B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F2EAA48FF6EF88112EFF849.text	03C087CF0F2EAA48FF6EF88112EFF849.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia barkama Babics, Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia barkama Babics, Kononenko &amp; Saldaitis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 9, 10, 20, 28)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, road Barkam / Hong Yuan, H- 3400 m, 23.ix.2011, N 32˚10,353' E 102˚29, 692', Floriani leg., slide No. BJ 1840 (in coll. Saldaitis) . Paratypes: female, China, N. Sichuan, road Barkam / Hong Yuan, H- 3400 m, 23. ix. 2011, N 32˚10,353' E 102˚29, 692', Floriani leg. , slide No. BJ1949 (in coll. Floriani).</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species differs from the related P. cortex (Figs. 5, 6, 18, 26) and P. parvispina (Figs. 3, 4, 17, 24, and 25) in well discernible and outlined claviform stigma, characteristically darker brown median field with muddy irroration, and well discernible discal spot on the hindwing. P. barkama differs from P. caelestina by more unicolour ground colour of forewing. The male genitalia of P. barkama differ from those of P. cortex, P. caelestina and P. parvispina in the characteristically shaped excision of juxta; it differs from P. cortex in the narrower tegument and more elongated valva, in short and straight aedeagus and more broadened vesica with two less developed cornutus. The female genitalia of P. barkama differ from those of P. cortex, P. caelestina and P. parvispina by its relatively short and rounded ovipositor, shorter apophyses and posteriorly more sclerotised corpus bursae with relatively sclerotised cervix.</p><p>Description. Adult (Figs. 9, 10). Sexes similar. Wingspan 36 mm, length of forewing 17 mm. Head and thorax pale greyish brown with fine blackish hairs and purple irroration; collar with fine pale brown median line. Palpi short, densely hairy; antenna filiform, chocolate brown. Forewing triangular, narrow, ground colour similar to that of thorax. Submedian fold straight and clearly discernible, reach the ventral edge of the claviform stigma; claviform stigma well developed, dark brown, outlined by well discernible black scales. Subbasal fascia indistinct; antemedial fascia more or less sinuous, black, followed proximally by paler, narrow band. Orbicular stigma elongated, outlined by black scales; reniform stigma more or less faded but discernible, filled with chocolate brown scales, with blackish scales at proximal part of it. Median field darker brown than ground colour, with fine muddy irroration. Medial fascia indistinct; postmedial fascia well discernible, black, followed distally by paler, narrow band. Subterminal fascia indistinct; terminal fascia fine, blackish. Termen paler brown than ground colour, with two variably shaped, dark brown arrow-head shape extension at ventral part of it. Cilia unicolour, whitish. Hindwing paler greyish brown than ground colour of forewing, with blackish hairs at proximal part. Veins covered by darker brown scales; discal spot well discernible, pale brown. Terminal fascia similar to that of forewing; cilia pale ochreous brown. Underside of forewing yellowish ochre, with fine blackish irroration of basal and medial field of it. Underside of hindwing unicolour, similar to that of forewing, with well discernible discal spot and transverse line. Male genitalia (Figs. 20). Uncus short and strong, curved along, apically finely hooked. Tegumen characteristically narrow, with broadly sclerotised margin; penicular lobes well developed, bell-shaped. Fultura inferior quadrangular, with broad and elongated, relatively short, quadrangular shaped dorsal excision. Saccus narrow but elongated, heavily sclerotised, v-shaped; vinculum short, sclerotised. Valvae symmetrical, elongated, with parallel margins. Sacculus broad but short, heavily sclerotised, with parallel margins; harpe narrow but strong, heavily sclerotised, characteristically curved along, distally rounded, with short harpe basis. Costal extension short and acute, ventrally elongated, triangular shaped. Cucullus well developed, densely setose, apex rounded; corona well developed with narrow cornutus band. Aedeagus characteristically short and broad, cylindrical; posterior end of it sclerotised ventrally. Coecum penis characteristically developed. Carina short but broad, membranous, with fine spine-field of ventral part of it. Vesica everted ventrally, curved along, with two variably shaped and developed medial diverticulum. Distal part of vesica covered by fine spiculi field with two well developed cornutus. Female genitalia (Figs. 28). Ovipositor characteristically short, somewhat rounded, conical. Papillae anales more or less quadrangular, heavily sclerotised, posterior part rounded without hair-scales; apophyses relatively short but narrow, finely curved along. Ostium bursae narrow, with broad, V-shaped, more or less sclerotised anterior part; ductus bursae relatively short, membranous. Posterior part of corpus bursae narrow, characteristically sclerotised; anterior part elliptical ovoid, membranous. Cervix bursae relatively broad, ovoid, sclerotised.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. West China. The species is known only from the type-locality, the Zhe Gu Shan Mountains in Sichuan province of China, the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateu. Two specimens were collected in September 2011 at altitude ranging 3400 m by light. P. barkama appears to have a very local distribution as it was discovered only in small valley near Barkam village in mountainous mixed forest with swampy and mossy slope meadows. The vegetation of the habitat is dominated by various trees: Alnus, Prunus, Quercus, Rhododendron, Abies, various smaller shrubs and ferns. P. barcama flies together with early autumn Chinese Noctuidae species: Parvispinia geminus, Dryobotodes banghaasi Draeseke, 1928, Dasyerges poliastis Draudt, 1950, Telorta divergens (Butler, 1879), Hoeneidia cidarioides Boursin, 1954 and others.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the type-locality of P. barkama .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F2EAA48FF6EF88112EFF849	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F22AA45FF6EFF1D1435FE4C.text	03C087CF0F22AA45FF6EFF1D1435FE4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia geminus Babics, Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia geminus Babics, Kononenko &amp; Saldaitis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 11, 12, 21, 29)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, near Chuan Zhu Si, H- 3100 m, 25.ix.2011, N32˚57,714', E103˚41,912', Floriani leg., slide No. BJ 1947 (in coll. Behounek / ZSM) . Paratypes: 9 males and 3 females, China, N. Sichuan, near Chuan Zhu Si, H- 3100 m, 25.ix.2011, N32˚57,714', E103˚41,912', Floriani leg., slide No. BJ 1948 ; 2 males, China, N. Sichuan, road Barkam / Hong Yuan, H- 3400 m, 23.ix.2011, N 32˚10.353' E 102˚29. 692’, Floriani leg. ; 1 male, China, N. Sichuan, near Huang Long, H- 2800 m, 27. vii. 2011, N32˚45,733', E103˚52,853', Floriani leg (in coll. Floriani and NRCV) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species differs from related P. caelestina (Figs. 7, 8, 19, 27) in the darker brown ground colour, smaller size, somewhat elongated orbicular stigma. P. geminus differs from P. cortex and P. parvispina by its more colourful ground colour and even less elongated triangular-shaped forewing. The male genitalia of P. geminus differ from those of P. caelestina in the characteristic shape of juxta, distally quadrangular valva, more prominent saccular extension; it differs from P. cortex in the more prominent and elongated valva, in the characteristic shape of juxta, more broadened vesica with two less developed cornutus and a well developed medial diverticula. The female genitalia of P. geminus differ form those of P. parvispina and P. caelestina by its characteristically straight ostium bursae, longer ductus bursae, and characteristically smaller but broader cervix bursae.</p><p>Description. Adult (Figs. 11, 12). Sexes similar. Wingspan 38–40 mm, length of forewing 18–19 mm. Head pale cinnamon-brown with grey irroration, thorax cinnamon-brown with pale greyish irroration. Palpi short, densely hairy, in colour similar to thorax; antenna filiform, chocolate brown. Forewing elongated triangular, narrow, ground colour paler brown than thorax. Subbasal fascia more or less indistinct, in costal field followed by dark brown scales; antemedial fascia sinuous, pale brown, followed proximally by narrow, dark brown band. Claviform stigma well discernible, dark brown with fine reddish irroration, more or less quadrangular. Orbicular stigma slightly elongated, grey; outlined by bicoloured band with pale greyish and reddish scales. Reniform stigma well discernible, faded by blackish scales, followed distally by a rounded, pale ochreous cloud. Median field paler brown than ground colour, with fine muddy irroration. Medial fascia more or less faded, pale cinnamon-brown; postmedial fascia well discernible, cinnamon-brown, followed distally by whitish, narrow band. Subterminal fascia black, distally followed by narrow, ochreous band; terminal fascia fine, blackish. Marginal field bicoloured, splitted by subterminal fascia: proximally dark brown with blackish irroration, distally pale brown. Cilia unicoloured brown. Hindwing pale greyish brown, with blackish hairs at marginal suffusion. Veins covered by darker brown scales; discal spot well discernible. Terminal fascia similar to that of forewing; cilia pale ochreous brown. Underside of forewing greyish brown, with fine blackish irroration, with well discernible ochreous brown band at distally. Underside of hindwing unicolour pale grey, with fine reddish irroration, transverse line well discernible. Male genitalia (Fig. 21). Uncus sabre shaped, curved along, apically finely hooked, weakly hairy. Tegumen moderately broad, with broad, sclerotised margin; penicular lobes well developed, semicircular. Fultura inferior quadrangular, with broad and elongated, relatively long, quadrangular shaped dorsal excision. Saccus relatively broad, sclerotised, bell-shaped; vinculum short, sclerotised. Valvae symmetrical, relatively short and broad, more or less triangular shaped. Sacculus narrow and short, sclerotised, trapezoid, with parallel margins; harpe broad but short, heavily sclerotised, slightly sinuous, distally quadrangular, with elongated harpe basis. Costal extension weak and short, triangular shaped. Cucullus well developed, densely setose, apex triangular; corona well developed with narrow cornutus band. Aedeagus curved along, narrow, cylindrical. Carina broad, membranous. Vesica everted ventrally, curved along, with two variably shaped and developed diverticulum. Medial diverticula well developed, elliptical-ovoid; terminal diverticula slightly developed, triangular shaped. Distal part of vesica covered by two well developed corutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 29). Ovipositor characteristically elongated, apically acute. Papillae anales more or less triangular shaped, heavily sclerotised, posterior part acute without hair-scales. Apophyses posteriors relatively long but narrow; apophyses anteriores relatively short, straight. Ostium bursae relatively narrow, with narrow, V-shaped, more or less sclerotised anterior part; ductus bursae relatively long and broad, membranous. Corpus bursae ovoid, membranous; cervix bursae relatively broad but short, ovoid, moderately sclerotised.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. West China. Known only from the Chuan Zhu Si and Barkam regions of Sichuan province of China at the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. Most specimens were collected in September at altitudes ranging from 3100 to 3400 m by light. The species appear to have a local distribution as it was discovered in few valleys near Barkam and Chuan Zhu Si. It was collected in mountainous mixed forest with swampy and mossy meadows. The vegetation of the habitat is dominated by various trees of Alnus, Prunus, Quercus, Rhododendron, Abies, and different smaller shrubs and ferns. It flies together with other early autumn Chinese Noctuidae species such as Parvispinia barkama, Dryobotodes banghaasi, Tiliacea japonago likianago (Draudt, 1950), Charierges brunneomedia, Charierges nigralba, Hoeneidia cidarioides and others. One male was collected in late July at altitude 2800 m in deep spruce forest.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named for its similarity to P. caelestina . Geminus means twin, in Latin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F22AA45FF6EFF1D1435FE4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F21AA43FF6EFE751580FEDF.text	03C087CF0F21AA43FF6EFE751580FEDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvispinia parilis Babics, Kononenko & Saldaitis 2012	<div><p>Parvispinia parilis Babics, Kononenko &amp; Saldaitis sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 13, 14, 22, 30)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, China, N. Sichuan, near Barkam, Zhe Gu Shan pass, H- 3300 m, 21.ix.2011, N31˚55,625', E102˚39,290', Floriani leg., slide No. BJ 1943 (in coll. Behounek / ZSM) . Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female, China, N. Sichuan, near Barkam, Zhe Gu Shan pass, H- 3300 m, 21.ix.2011, N31˚55,625', E102˚39,290', Floriani leg. , slide No. BJ1941, BJ1944 (in coll. Floriani &amp; NRCV) ; 1 male and 1 female, China, W. Sichuan, road Yajiang / Litang, 3600 m, 15.07.2009, 29˚59'N, 100˚52' E, I. &amp; A. Floriani leg. (in coll. Seibald and Floriani) ; 1 male, China, W. Sichuan, road Bamei / Danba, Taizangou valley, h- 3700 m, 09.x.2010, N30˚28,693', E101˚38,863', Floriani leg. (in coll. Floriani) ; 2 male, China, NW-Yunnan, km. 2102–2103 road Lijiang / Zhongdian, near Tuguancun Mt., 3200 m, 27˚29,700'N, 99˚53,700'E, 15.x.2011, A. Floriani leg. (in coll. Floriani) ; 2 female, China NW-Yunnan, 20 Km N Deqin Mt., 3100, m, N 28°28.850'E 98.51.400', 18.x.2011, A. Floriani leg. (in coll. Floriani) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species differs from the related P. caelestina (Figs 7, 8, 19, 27) and P. cortex (Figs. 5, 6, 18, and 26) in the more prominent reniform stigma, and outlined claviform stigma, the characteristic shape of antemedial fascia. P. barkama differs from P. caelestina and P. cortex by its more robust body. The male genitalia of P. parilis differ from those of P. cortex, P. caelestina and P. parvispina in the relatively broad penicular lobes, shorter but strong harpe; it differs from P. parvispina in the shorter but broader valva, dorsally upturned vesica with two variably developed cornutus. The female genitalia of P. parilis differ form those of P. cortex, P. caelestina and P. parvispina by its characteristically shaped ductus bursae and cervix bursae.</p><p>Description. Adult. (Figs. 13, 14). Sexes similar. Wingspan 42–49 mm, length of forewing 20–23 mm. Head ochreous brown; collar with blackish median line and fine ochreous irroration. Thorax dark chocolate brown, with blackish- and pale brown scales on tegulae. Palpae short, densely hairy, reddish-brown; antenna filiform, brown. Forewing elongated triangular, narrow, ground colour similar to those of thorax. Subbasal fascia sinuous, creamwhite, followed by dark brown scales. Antemedial fascia straight, with characteristic shark-tooth distal extension at posterior end, pale brown; followed distally by narrow, dark brown band. Basal field somewhat paler than ground colour, with fine whitish irroration. Claviform stigma more or less faded, outlined by fine black scales. Orbicular stigma well discernible, pale brown, more or less elongated. Reniform stigma broad, pancake shape, brown with blackish scales; followed by narrow, black band. Median field similar in colour to those of thorax. Medial fascia indistinct; postmedial fascia well discernible but narrow, black, followed distally by whitish, narrow band. Subterminal fascia more or less indistinct distally followed by narrow, ochreous band, with black, arrow-head shaped extensions along veins. Terminal fascia interrupted into fine, blackish lines. Marginal field bicoloured, splitted by subterminal fascia: proximally similar to basal field in colour, distally similar to medial field in colour. Cilia brown. Hindwing brown, with blackish hairs; transverse line well discernible. Veins covered by black scales; discal spot well discernible. Terminal fascia similar to that of forewing; cilia pale reddish-brown. Underside of forewing pale reddish-brown, with fine blackish irroration, with well discernible brown transverse line. Underside of hindwing similar to those of forewing. Male genitalia (Figs. 22). Uncus sabre shaped, curved along, apically finely hooked, weakly hairy. Tegumen moderately broad, with broad, sclerotised margin; penicular lobes well developed, semicircular. Fultura inferior quadrangular, with broad and elongated, relatively long, quadrangular shaped dorsal excision. Saccus relatively broad, sclerotised, bell-shaped; vinculum short, sclerotised. Valvae symmetrical, relatively short and broad, more or less triangular. Sacculus narrow and short, sclerotised, trapezoid, with parallel margins; harpe broad but short, heavily sclerotised, slightly sinuous, distally quadrangular, with elongated harpe basis. Costal extension weak and short, triangular shaped. Cucullus well developed, densely setose, apex triangular; corona well developed with narrow cornutus band. Aedeagus curved along, narrow, cylindrical. Carina broad, membranous. Vesica everted ventrally, than turned dorsally, curved along. Distal part of vesica covered by two variably developed coruti. Female genitalia (Fig. 30). Ovipositor characteristically elongated, apically acute. Papillae anales more or less triangular shaped, heavily sclerotised, posterior part acute without hair-scales. Apophyses posteriors relatively long but narrow; apophyses anteriores relatively long, straight. Ostium bursae relatively broad, with broad, more or less sclerotised anterior part. Ductus bursae relatively long and broad, membranous. Corpus bursae characteristically small, ovoid, membranous. Cervix bursae characteristically shaped: broad but short, sclerotised posterior part, and upturned membranous anterior part.</p><p>Distribution and Bionomics. West China. The species is known from few localities in West Sichuan and North Yunnan provinces of China on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau. It has a long flight period, males and females were attracted by light from July to mid October at altitudes ranging from 3300 to 3700 m. The new species was collected in the small rivers in shrubby valleys near alpine grassland zone.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to its bicoloured appearance. Parilis means equal, in Latin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F21AA43FF6EFE751580FEDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
03C087CF0F27AA43FF6EFE501349FAE7.text	03C087CF0F27AA43FF6EFE501349FAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atrachea Warren 1911	<div><p>Genus Atrachea Warren, 1911</p><p>( Type species Spaelotis nitens Butler, 1878, Japan, Yokohama, by original designation) .</p><p>Synonymy: Trichosternum Draudt, 1959; Zutragum Nye, 1975 (replacement name); Hadena auct., Trachea auct., Apamea auct.</p><p>Diagnosis. Atrachea is a typical genus of the tribe Apameini . It is diagnosed as follows: medium size moths, antennae filiform, serrate in one case bipectinate; palpae short, pressed, 3 rd segment 2–2,5 times shorter than 2 nd; segments of tarsus with three rows of spines; ground colour of forewing brown, grey-brown with green scales, often with salad-green, olive or grassy-green fields, or filled with green between fascia. In male genitalia uncus simple, juxta plate- or anchor-like, aedeagus relatively short, vesica tubular, without cornuti, or globular extended medially, armed with single strong or several small cornuti, in some species-group cornuti are very large, strong, spine- or beak-like; valva lobe-like, with somewhat separated cucullus; costa strong, digitus strong, well developed, clasper plate-like, harpe completely reduced or vestigial, ampulla-like. In female genitalia papillae anales strong, sclerotised, flattened dorso-ventrally, with rod-like structures between ovipositor lobes. Apophyses anteriores and posteriores strong, short; antrum funnel- or cup-like, heavily sclerotised; ductus bursae relatively short, often slightly scletotised; corpus bursae membranous, or sclerotised proximally, in some cases with sclerotised acute extension, corresponding to the strong cornutus in male. The shape of the ovipositor lobes in the female genitalia is characteristic for the Apameini and typical for species trophically connected with Poaceae grasses, which lie eggs in split between steam and leave of the foodplant.</p><p>The Far Eastern and Chinese species of Atrachea have been revised by Kononenko (1986, 20001). The genus distributed predominantly from Sino-Tibetan to Manchurian subregions of the Palaearctic. It compises 13 species listed below. Probably some more species of Atrachea with green elements of wing pattern are still included to some unrevised genera of Xyleninae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087CF0F27AA43FF6EFE501349FAE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Babics, J.;Kononenko, V. S.;Saldaitis, A.	Babics, J., Kononenko, V. S., Saldaitis, A. (2012): New genus and three new species of the subfamily Xyleninae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Zootaxa 3509: 55-68
