taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C00F49FF836E30FF57FF2B9CBFFBF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Species of the discreta group are distinguished from other Winnertzia in lacking a pectinate claw at the gonostylar apex. The area supposed to bear the claw is extensively covered with microtrichia appreciably larger and denser than ordinary pubescence. Although some of those microtrichia may be almost as large as the individual spines involved in claw formation, they are, as a rule, randomly scattered, not aligned or otherwise clustered. Deviations from this pattern are W. angustistylus and W. rickebasta, in which most of the microtrichia are dispersed while some tend to form small tufts (Figs 2, 17), or W. pectinulata, in which several particularly thick microtrichia form a sparse row (unpublished observation). Phylogeny. Both microtrichia and spines are outgrowths of the cuticle without sensory function, so may be regarded as homologous structures whose principal difference is size. Microtrichia are, as the name suggests, very small hairs that form the basal pubescence, while spines, as used here, are the extra-large, stiff components that form the pectinate claws. Since microtrichia and spines differ merely gradually, we do not think there is a fundamental difference between claw-bearing and clawless gonostyli. Hence it is merely a matter of convention whether W. pectinulata is classified either with the discreta group (by arguing that the thick, aligned microtrichia at the gonostylar apex do not qualify as a pectinate claw) or with the solidaginis group (by arguing that the pectinate claw is made of unusually thin, sparse spines). Therefore, we conclude that absence of the gonostylar claw should not be used as an argument for justifying the monophyly of the discreta group. We think it more reasonable to assume that the enlargement of microtrichia on the gonostylar apex is a feature belonging to the ground plan of Winnertzia, for this is the condition found in most other Winnertziini. With that being the plesiomorphous state, pectinate claws probably evolved, and subsequently got lost again, several times independently in Winnertzia. Species included. The discreta group contains 11 Palearctic species named in the past (asterisks mark species occurring in Sweden): W. amoena Mamaev, W. brachypalpa Mamaev, W. centralis Mamaev, W. discreta Mohrig & Mamaev, * W. discretella Spungis, W. invisibilis Mamaev, W. palpina Mamaev, W. pectinulata Mamaev, W. peramoena Mamaev, * W. rotundata Spungis, and W. triangulifera Mamaev. In addition to this, six new species are described here from Sweden. Extra-Palearctic species belonging to this group are the North American W. rubida Felt (discussed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013: 77) under W. discretella) and W. warraensis, the first Winnertzia described here from Australia.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF836E31FF57FB739E33FD09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia. Male genitalic characters are diagnostic of W. discretella, as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 31 B). The gonostylus, which is twice as long as broad, has a slightly broadened apex whose enlarged microtrichia are dispersed over a large area. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the short, evenly U-shaped ventral emargination is membranous basally, and the dorsal apodemes are so long that they protrude considerably beyond the ventroanterior gonocoxal margin. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is sinuous.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF836E31FF57FB739E33FD09.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Specimens studied here of W. discretella, altogether 32 males from all over Sweden, are quite variable, both in the number of flagellomeres (9 – 12; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 31 C – E) and, to a lesser extent, the length of the flagellomeral neck. Some of the genitalic structures also show variation, in particular the aedeagal apodeme, whose diameter varies; the ninth tergite, whose posterior edge is broader, and more deeply indented in some of our specimens; and the gonostylus, whose shape seems to vary (which is hard to appreciate as the gonostylar outline also varies with the viewing angle). Even so, male morphology does not provide clear indication of that W. discretella sensu Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) includes more than one species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF836E31FF57FB739E33FD09.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Winnertzia discretella is proven to occur in 10 of the 17 biological provinces in Sweden, from Småland in the south up to Torne Lappmark in the north, including the two large islands, Öland and Gotland.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF836E31FF57FB739E33FD09.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 3 males, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth aspen forest, 18 May – 15 June 2006, MT, SMTP (trap 1000, collection event 1433) (spns CEC 1883 – CEC 1885 in NHRS); 1 male, same locality but old-growth mixed hemiboreal forest, 15 May – 16 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1891 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 17 July – 21 Aug. 2015 (spn CEC 1889 in SDEI); 2 males, same locality but swampy meadow at forest edge, 15 May – 16 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 1892 – CEC 1893 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 17 June – 16 July 2015 (spn CEC 1890 in SDEI); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Färjestaden, backyard with birch grove, 11 July – 18 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 1894 – CEC 1895 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest, 15 July – 17 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1896 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 10 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ 1 male, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 8 June – 8 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1898 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1899 in SDEI); 1 male, Södermanland, Södertälje, Tullgarns näs, Rävsalaviken, mixed forest next to pasture, 23 July – 1 August 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 30, collection event 5003) (spn 1888 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Huddinge, Sofielund Recycling Center, pine forest near garbage dump, 10 – 16 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 5, collection event 767) (spn CEC 1886 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Älvkarleby, Båtfors, pine forest, 17 June – 3 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 7, collection event 378) (spn CEC 1887 in NHRS); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Sorsele, Bissitjbäcken, 6 km N Ammarnäs, 26 June – 22 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1900 in SDEI); 1 male, Torne Lappmark, Kiruna, Abisko NP, dry subalpine birch forest, 6 – 20 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 50, collection event 1974) (spn CEC 1914 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E31FF57FD6B9F82FBD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, dark brown Winnertzia, whose male genitalic structures provide characters of diagnostic merit (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 31 A). The parallel-sided, slightly bent gonostylus, which is three times as long as broad, bears numerous enlarged microtrichia apically, of which 7 – 8 stick out as particularly thick. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is V-shaped, the convex ventroanterior edge has a small protuberance medially, and the medial bridges are protruding. The ninth tergite, whose length equals the gonopodal length, is markedly narrowed posteriorly, with the posterior edge emarginated medially and the emargination flanked by a pair of prominent, rounded lobes.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E31FF57FD6B9F82FBD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. The Swedish occurrence of W. rotundata is based on a single series of four males collected in Östergötland (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E33FF57FB179EF9FDED.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 6	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E33FF57FB179EF9FDED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with vestigial mouthparts (Fig. 5) and narrow wings (Fig. 6). Male genitalic structures typical of this species are the slender, straight gonostylus (Fig. 2, ↓ 1), the unusually broad, triangular tegmen (Fig. 1, ↓ 2), and the short gonocoxal apodemes (Fig. 1, ↓ 3). Other members of the discreta group with vestigial mouthparts are W. brachypalpa and W. imbecilla, two species whose genitalic structures differ notably from that of W. angustistylus (see the diagnosis of W. imbecilla). Females and preimaginal stages of W. angustistylus are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.1 – 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 1 – 2 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds body length. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 7 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 – 0.8 times as long as node; node slender, twice as long as broad; sensory hairs sparse; both the lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, almost linear to variously bent (Figs 3 – 4). Palpus clearly shorter than head height, 2 setae-bearing segments; first segment compact; second segment elongate, varying in shape (Fig. 5). Labella vestigial, non-setose. Thorax. Pronotal setae 1 – 2. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia conspicuously large. Parascutellar area inconspicuous, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, three times as long as broad (Fig. 6). Costal cell reinforced. M 4 short, straight, CuA gently bent, both veins declining before edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent; basal tooth fine, barely visible; empodia one third claw length. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 1). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae largely confined to posterior half portion; posterior edge broadly rounded; anterior edge straight, sharply contoured. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination U-shaped, membranous and faintly contoured basally; ventroanterior edge slightly convex; ventroposterior portions blunt-ended, ending at about same level as dorsoposterior portions; dorsal apodemes half as long as distance separating them. Gonostylus 3 times as long as broad, parallel-sided; dense, large microtrichia apically of which the longest form a sparse, inconspicuous tuft; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated (Fig. 2). Aedeagal apodeme nearly parallel-sided, often slightly constricted subapically; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with rows of small spikes. Tegmen sharply contoured except for membranous apex; lateral edges usually slightly convex; flaps small, faintly contoured; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E33FF57FB179EF9FDED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, highlights the narrow gonostyli found in this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E33FF57FB179EF9FDED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen Nature Reserve, sparse wood of oak, 27 June – 17 July 2005, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 27, collection event 1703) (spn CEC 1797 in NHRS). Paratypes. 4 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 1804 – CEC 1807 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but collection event 486, 17 May – 2 June 2004 (spn CEC 1798 in NHRS); 5 males, same data but collection event 1702, 13 – 27 June 2005 (spns CEC 1799 – CEC 1803 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Södermanland, Trosa, Hunga Södergård, grassland near manure pile, 24 June – 5 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 12, collection event 69) (spn CEC 1808 in SDEI); 3 males, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Stocklycke äng, meadow on limestone, 25 May – 8 June 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 13, collection event 909) (spns CEC 1809 – CEC 1811 in SDEI); 1 male, Halland, Laholm, Blåalt NR, oak-dominated forest, 12 June – 8 July 2019, MT, M. Lindström (spn CEC 2809 SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, dry pine forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1812 in SDEI); 1 male, Borgholm, Rönnerum-Abbantorp NR, scrubby fen in broadleaf forest, 17 June – 15 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1813 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF826E33FF57FB179EF9FDED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Our data suggest that W. angustistylus occurs in southern and central Sweden (Öland, Östergötland, Södermanland, Uppland) and is absent from the boreal forest zone farther north. Adults were collected between mid-May and mid-July in various different habitats.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF806E33FF57FD0F9E76F835.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 9	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF806E33FF57FD0F9E76F835.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small, brown Winnertzia with short antennae and short palpi. The fore tarsus of W. brachytarsus is appreciably shorter than in other species of the discreta group, the second tarsomere being only about half as long as the tibia. Male genitalic characters specific to this species are as follows (Fig. 9). The elongate, subcylindrical gonostylus is covered with dense, moderately long microtrichia apicomedially (↓ 1); of the gonocoxites, the ventral emargination is perfectly U-shaped, the ventroposterior portions form broadly rounded lobes (↓ 2) that extend beyond the dorsoposterior portions, and the dorsal apodemes are short; the tegmen has large flaps with marginal microtrichia (↓ 3); and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is indented medially. Winnertzia brachytarsus is known from the holotype male only; females and preimaginal stages are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.3 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna shorter than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 10 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere long, translucent sensilla present on all flagellomeres. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.3 times as long as node; node 1.5 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform to slightly broadened (Figs 7 – 8). Palpus clearly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; second to fourth segment equally long. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 2. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia conspicuously large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 faint, CuA gently bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Acropods: claws slightly bent, toothless; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 9). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; anterior edge straight, indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; ventral emargination membranous basally; ventroanterior edge slightly convex; dorsal apodemes shorter than half the distance separating them. Gonostylus 2.5 times as long as broad, nearly parallel-sided, straight; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided; apex slightly narrowed; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen sharply contoured, markedly tapered towards rounded apex; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF806E33FF57FD0F9E76F835.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the unusually short tarsi of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF806E33FF57FD0F9E76F835.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön Nature Reserve, old-growth forest of conifers mixed with aspen trees, 2 – 12 July 2005, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 1000, collection event 1323) (spn CEC 1882 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF806E33FF57FD0F9E76F835.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The only specimen available of W. brachytarsus was collected at the height of summer in a mixed, old-growth hemiboreal forest in Småland, southern Sweden. Our studies over the past 15 years have shown the collecting site, Grytsjön Nature Reserve, to be a hotspot of Winnertzia diversity, with 30 species found there. In spite of the fact that we continued Malaise trapping in Grytsjön in several of the subsequent years, we failed to capture another specimen of W. brachytarsus.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF876E35FF57F8909827F9DD.taxon	description	Figs 10 – 13 The specimen designated here as the holotype of W. imbecilla was published in error as the first Swedish find of W. brachypalpa (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2017). Another specimen of W. imbecilla from Sweden we detected in the NHRS collection, again misidentified as W. brachypalpa. This leaves the genuine W. brachypalpa, a species originally described from the Russian Far East (Mamaev 1975) and subsequently reported to occur in Ukraine (Spungis 1992), without valid record in Sweden.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF876E35FF57F8909827F9DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with vestigial mouthparts. A combination of male genitalic characters is diagnostic of W. imbecilla, as follows (Fig. 10). The compact gonostylus has dense, large microtrichia apically and medially (↓ 4); the base of the gonocoxal emargination is angular rather than rounded (↓ 5); the tegmen is markedly tapered towards the blunt-ended, microtrichose apex (↓ 6); and the parameral apodemes are unusually short and broad (↓ 7). Winnertzia brachypalpa, a generally similar species whose holotype we studied in 2012, is distinguished from W. imbecilla by the subtriangular tegmen with pointed apex and by the small, inconspicuous parameral apodemes. Also, the gonostylar apex of W. brachypalpa seems to be more slender compared with W. imbecilla, a possible distinction that is difficult to assess in the holotype specimen. Winnertzia angustistylus, another species of the discreta group with vestigial mouthparts, differs from both W. imbecilla and W. brachypalpa by the conspicuously slender gonostylus (Fig. 2), to name just one of the distinctions. Females and preimaginal stages of W. imbecilla are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere long, composed of two nodes; translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 – 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.5 times as long as broad; sensory hairs sparse; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, linear to variously bent (Figs 12 – 13). Palpus much shorter than head height, 3 segments with mostly long setae; apical segment napiform, longer than preceding two segments together (Fig. 11). Labella vestigial. Thorax. Pronotal setae 6. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area inconspicuous, vaguely contoured. Wing slightly shorter than body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 10). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; posterior edge emarginated medially, the emargination darkly pigmented; anterior edge straight, indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination with broad, darkly pigmented border, membranous basally; ventroanterior edge straight; ventroposterior portions enlarged, markedly protruding beyond dorsoposterior portions; dorsal apodemes moderately long, subtriangular. Gonostylus twice as long as broad; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme gently broadened shortly before the apex, then slightly constricted; solid basal portion long. Aedeagal bulge apparently devoid of microtrichia. Tegmen slightly reinforced apically; flaps narrow, indistinct.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF876E35FF57F8909827F9DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin adjective imbecilla means weak, an allusion to the fact that the morphology of males is partly regressive.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF876E35FF57F8909827F9DD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng Nature Reserve, dry pine forest, 22 July – 23 August 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 270 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Södermanland, Tyresta NR, May 2002 firesite north of Haningealpen Station, 31 May – 17 June 2002, MT, B. Viklund (spn GULI 000021001 in NHRS) (previously labeled as W. brachypalpa Mamaev by V. Spungis).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF876E35FF57F8909827F9DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Both specimens known of W. imbecilla were collected in dry pine forests in the southern half of Sweden (Öland, Södermanland). Available data suggest the adult flight period is June – August.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF866E36FF57F91F99C7FBF1.taxon	description	Figs 14 – 16	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF866E36FF57F91F99C7FBF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with basitarsal spines and long fore tarsi. Male genitalic structures typical of this species (Fig. 16) are the big gonostylus with conspicuously dense, large microtrichia apicomedially (↓ 1); the ventrobasal edge of the gonocoxal synsclerite which has a rounded protrusion medially (↓ 2); the conspicuously short, triangular gonocoxal apodemes (↓ 3); and the ninth tergite whose posterior edge is deeply emarginated (↓ 4). Females and preimaginal stages of W. pilosistylus are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.8 – 2.5 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 – 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, linear to variously bent (Figs 14 – 15). Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment about as long as preceding three segments together. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 9 – 13. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.3 – 2.7 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Fore tibia 0.8 – 0.9 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 16). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateral portions; anterior edge distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination U-shaped, membranous and faintly contoured basally, with non-setose, unsclerotized area basally; ventroposterior portions enlarged, markedly protruding beyond dorsoposterior portions. Gonostylus 2.5 times as long as broad, slightly broadened towards apex; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Apex of aedeagal apodeme first slightly broadened, then slightly constricted; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with rows of small spikes, its anterior edge well-marked as transverse line. Tegmen usually vaguely contoured, tapered towards apex; apex slightly reinforced, with fringe of long microtrichia; posterior edge slightly pointed rather than evenly rounded; flaps narrow; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF866E36FF57F91F99C7FBF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, highlights the conspicuously pilose gonostyli of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF866E36FF57F91F99C7FBF1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Lindreservat Nature Reserve, broadleaf mixed forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1814 in NHRS). Paratypes. 8 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 1815 – CEC 1822 in NHRS). Other material studied. 15 males, same data but 22 July – 23 August 2015 (spns CEC 1837 – CEC 1842 and CEC 1864 – CEC 1872 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 24 August – 1 October 2015 (spn CEC 1823 in SDEI); 2 males, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 1873 – CEC 1874 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF866E36FF57F91F99C7FBF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia pilosistylus is known from two moist forests in northern Öland, southeast Sweden, where male adults were found in great numbers from mid-June to September.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF856E28FF57FB739C23FF59.taxon	description	Figs 17 – 19	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF856E28FF57FB739C23FF59.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, dark-brown Winnertzia, distinguished from other species of the discreta group by a set of genitalic characters, as follows (Fig. 17). The big gonostylus has dense, moderately large microtrichia apically and medially, of which some are clustered to form a small tuft near the broadly rounded, almost inflated apex (↓ 5). Of the gonocoxites, the large, U-shaped emargination has an extensive unsclerotized area basally (↓ 6) and the dorsal apodemes are short (↓ 7). The broad-triangular tegmen has indistinct flaps without microtrichia. The anterior edge of the aedeagal bulge is well-marked as a transverse line (↓ 8). The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is markedly emarginated. Females and preimaginal stages of W. rickebasta are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.4 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna longer than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on all flagellomeres. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both the lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, linear to slightly bent (Figs 18 – 19). Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 14. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing slightly shorter than body, 2.5 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, very slightly bent, extending to edge of wing. CuA moderately bent, declining before edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, 1 large and 1 – 2 smaller teeth basally; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 17). Ninth tergite longer than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior two thirds; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventroanterior edge slightly convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at about same level. Gonostylus 2.3 times as long as broad, nearly parallel-sided; basolateral apophysis moderately large, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided, slightly constricted apically; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with broken rows of small spikes. Parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF856E28FF57FB739C23FF59.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Rickebasta, used here as a noun in apposition, is a nature reserve in Uppland where the only specimen known of this species was collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF856E28FF57FB739C23FF59.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta Nature Reserve, swamp forest of alder interspersed with spruce trees, 12 June – 24 July 2010, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn GULI 000021000 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF856E28FF57FB739C23FF59.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia rickebasta is known from a single specimen, whose collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E28FF57FE9B98CEFA4D.taxon	description	Fig. 20	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E28FF57FE9B98CEFA4D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This medium-sized, dark-brown Winnertzia is distinguished by a combination of male genitalic characters, as follows (Fig. 20). The gonostylus, which is gently broadened towards the apex, has dense, moderately large microtrichia that cover a small, well defined area apicomedially (↓ 1); the large, U-shaped gonocoxal emargination is accompanied by a small unsclerotized area basally; the gonocoxal apodemes are only half as long as the distance separating them (↓ 2); the broad-triangular tegmen has sharply contoured, microtrichose flaps (↓ 3); and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is only slightly concave. Females and preimaginal stages of W. upplandensis are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.8 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres; translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 11. Fourth flagellomere (not pictured due to adverse position in the slidemount): neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 1.5 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla moderately long, slightly broadened basally, variously slightly bent. Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing slightly shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, nearly straight, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 20). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventroanterior edge slightly concave; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at about same level. Gonostylus about 2.5 times as long as broad; setae conspicuously small and sparse; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme thick, slightly constricted beyond the solid basal portion, which is short and poorly sclerotized; apex slightly constricted. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen vaguely contoured, especially on apical half; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E28FF57FE9B98CEFA4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from Uppland, the province in Sweden where the holotype of this species was collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E28FF57FE9B98CEFA4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta Nature Reserve, swamp forest of alder mixed with spruce trees, 25 June – 31 July 2009, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn GULI 000021002 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E28FF57FE9B98CEFA4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia upplandensis is another species known only from the alder swamp of Rickebasta. The single specimen of this species was found in a Malaise trap sample taken at the height of summer.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E2AFF57F9B49ECFFE5D.taxon	description	Fig. 21	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E2AFF57F9B49ECFFE5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalic structures. Winnertzia warraensis is the only member of the discreta group whose aedeagal apodeme is strongly swollen beyond the solid basal portion (Fig. 21, ↓ 4). Females and preimaginal stages of this species are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres; translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere (not pictured due to adverse position in the slidemount): neck 0.6 times as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla filiform, variously bent. Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; first segment very short; fourth segment longest of all. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 10. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.1 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent; basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 21). Ninth tergite as long as gonocoxae; setae confined to posterior half portion; posterior edge with lateral lobes that in the specimen studied are angular rather than rounded; anterior edge straight, sharply contoured. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination V-shaped, accompanied by extensive unsclerotized area basally; ventrobasal edge slightly convex; dorsoposterior portions slightly protruding beyond ventroposterior portions; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus subcylindrical, straight, more than twice as long as broad; dense, large microtrichia apically and mediosubapically; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Setae retained on gonostyli and gonocoxae all short. Aedeagal apodeme as long as gonocoxae; evenly tapered from subbasal swelling towards apex; solid basal portion fairly long. Aedeagal bulge with rows of fine spikes. Tegmen including flaps sharply contoured, gently tapered towards apex, with subapical constriction; parameral apodemes normal size.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E2AFF57F9B49ECFFE5D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from Warra, the type locality of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E2AFF57F9B49ECFFE5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Australia, Tasmania, Warra Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Site, Mt Weld, 100 m elevation, wet mixed eucalypt forest, 27 February 2001, Malaise trap, N. Doran & R. Bashford (Forestry Tasmania) (registration number F 41447 in Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9B6E2AFF57F9B49ECFFE5D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Formally speaking, Winnertzia warraensis is a Tasmanian, or Australian respectively, endemic. The habitat at the type locality is wet eucalypt forest in a pristine state, where the holotype was caught in flight in late summer. A further 21 Winnertzia males that we studied from the Warra LTER Site turned out to belong to five or six species different from W. warraensis. This makes us believe that a more specific search for Winnertzia in Warra would unearth many more species of this genus.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF996E2AFF57FAE39F9BF8FD.taxon	discussion	Our reexamination of 83 Swedish males previously assigned to W. globifera found two morphotypes (named here A and B), which differ in both the outline of the gonostylar apex (either pointed or rounded) and the inclination of the gonostylar claw (either vertical or longitudinal). We noticed variation also in other genitalic structures (notably the aedeagal apodeme), whereas non-genitalic structures gave no clue whether W. globifera comprises more than one species. Our conclusion here is that W. globifera sensu Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) is likely to be a complex of two (or more) discrete species, whose taxonomic study in the future should include specimens from a larger geographic area. Also, the status of W. argentata Mamaev and W. subglobifera Mamaev, two junior synonyms of W. globifera, needs to be reconsidered by future revisors. Finally, we realize only now that our Winnertzia aff. xylostei (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 84) is closer to W. globifera than to W. xylostei.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF996E2AFF57FAE39F9BF8FD.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and those numbered here CEC 3192 – CEC 3212 (all in NHRS). Morphotype A is represented by specimens ZFMK-TIS- 2527392, ZFMK-TIS- 2549538, and ZFMK-TIS- 2549539; morphotype B by specimens ZFMK-TIS- 2527394, ZFMK-TIS- 2527396, ZFMK-TIS- 2527397, and ZFMK-TIS- 2549540 (all in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF996E2AFF57FD9F9E09FA81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The principal character of this group is that the gonostylar claw is situated at some distance from the gonostylar apex, not terminally. Furthermore, the dorsoposterior portions of the gonocoxae are markedly protruding, and the tarsal claws lack the strong basal tooth present in most other Winnertzia. In many of the species classified in this group the tegminal flaps have reinforced, microtrichose edges, and the aedeagal apodeme is thickened above the solid basal portion. Phylogeny. The globifera group as diagnosed here is likely to be monophyletic, although the subapical position of the gonostylar claw, seen in isolation, is no reliable indicator of affiliation with this group. Similar gonostyli occur here and there in other Winnertzia, notably in the species complex around W. tridens. Also, we have seen unnamed Winnertzi a outside Europe in which tegmen and aedeagal apodeme resemble the corresponding structures found in the globifera group, although the gonostylar claw is situated terminally. Lobowinnertzia, proposed as a subgenus of Winnertzia by Mamaev (1963) and raised to generic rank by Fedotova & Sidorenko (2007), is identical with our globifera group. Nevertheless, we continue here to treat Winnertzia as a coherent entity pending a thorough understanding of the generic phylogeny (Spungis 1992; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013; Gagné & Jaschhof 2017). Species included. This group contains seven Palearctic species named in the past, of which two are discussed below to be species complexes (asterisks mark taxa known to occur in Sweden): * W. globifera Mamaev agg. (presumably three discrete species in Sweden, including Winnertzia aff. xylostei in Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013 )), W. nota (Fedotova & Sidorenko), W. parma (Fedotova & Sidorenko), W. prolongata Mamaev, W. tamariciphila Mamaev, * W. tumida Panelius, and * W. xylostei Mamaev agg. (presumably three discrete species in Sweden). Three more species of the globifera group are described here from Sweden.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FF2B9FD5FD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See the diagnosis of W. tumidoides, a new, close relative of W. tumida described below.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FF2B9FD5FD95.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Winnertzia tumida is known to us from a few specimens collected in the southern half of Sweden (Halland, Småland, Gotland, Södermanland, and Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FF2B9FD5FD95.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Grytsjön NR, swampy meadow next to old-growth mixed hemiboreal forest, 4 – 19 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 1001, collection event 1329) (spn CEC 1848 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Trosa, Hunga, Södergard 1, grassland near manure pile, 16 May – 13 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 12, collection event 889) (spn CEC 3052 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen NR, sparse oak wood, 17 May – 2 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 486) (spn CEC 1849 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FDD799B7F889.taxon	discussion	In our earlier study of Winnertzia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013) we came to the conclusion that W. xylostei is a species distinct from W. globifera and comprising two junior synonyms, W. iridis Mamaev and Lobowinnertzia aperta Fedotova & Sidorenko. At that time we had studied the holotype males of both W. xylostei and W. iridis (but not L. aperta) and 25 males collected in Sweden; here we reexamined the morphology of 44 Swedish males, including those referred to in our 2013 publication. As a result, we found evidence indicating that W. xylostei sensu Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) comprises two species (named here A and B), possibly even a third species (C).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FDD799B7F889.taxon	description	The species complex around W. xylostei differs from W. globifera agg. in that the gonostylus has a markedly swollen apex; the gonostylar claw is longitudinally aligned and situated dorsomedially; and the aedeagal apodeme is conspicuously long. Our Winnertzia “ xylostei A ” differs from W. “ xylostei B ” in several characters, as follows (character states of B in parentheses). The antenna, which is slightly longer than half the body, has 11 flagellomeres and fully developed translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 8 (antenna three fourths as long as the body, with 12 flagellomeres and fully developed translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10); of the fourth flagellomere (Figs 24 – 25), the neck is 0.5 – 0.7 times as long as the node, and the node is 1.6 times as long as broad (neck 0.8 – 0.9 times as long as the node, node 1.9 times as long as broad; Figs 28 – 29); the palpal length exceeds slightly the head height (palpus shorter than the head height); the number of pronotal setae is 11 – 22 (3 – 13); the parascutellar area is vaguely contoured (sharply contoured); the wing (Fig. 23) is shorter than the body, 2.1 – 2.3 times as long as broad (as long as the body, 2.4 – 2.8 times as long as broad; Fig. 27); of the gonocoxal synsclerite (Fig. 22), the ventral emargination is not as deep as in B, and the dorsoposterior extensions are parallel-sided with a broad, evenly rounded apex (extensions markedly convex medially and with a narrow, somewhat pointed apex; Fig. 26); and the gonostylus (Fig. 22) has a sharp corner medially where the swollen portion transitions into the narrow base (gonostylus with smooth transition from the swollen to the narrow portion; Fig. 26). Winnertzia “ xylostei C ” is distinguished by 11 flagellomeres with conspicuously short necks (the neck of the fourth flagellomere is 0.4 times as long as the node), and the aedeagal apodeme whose apical portion is a long, narrow, parallel-sided tube. As regards the distributions within Sweden, species A occurs from Östergötland to Lule Lappmark, i. e. north of species B whose range comprises Småland and Öland; the single specimen we have of species C is from a forest fire site in Dalarna, central Sweden.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FDD799B7F889.taxon	discussion	The xylostei complex serves to illustrate that morphological distinctions between closely related Winnertzia can be exceedingly small. Descriptions of Winnertzia in previous literature usually ignore such minute details. Similar to the situation in W. globifera agg., resolving the taxonomy of W. xylostei agg. will require a broader geographical scope and a careful review of the synonyms proposed in the past.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2BFF57FDD799B7F889.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and those numbered here CEC 1860 – CEC 1862 (species A), CEC 3192 – CEC 3212 (species B), and CEC 2939 (species C) (all in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2EFF57F8EB982BFD95.taxon	description	Figs 30 – 34	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2EFF57F8EB982BFD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short palpi (Fig. 34) and long, narrow wings. The club-shaped gonostylus has a conspicuously small pectinate claw, which is situated closer to the gonostylar apex than in any other member of the globifera group (Fig. 30, ↓ 1). Females and preimaginal stages of W. parvidens are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.7 – 2.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly shorter than body. Scape and pedicel same size, concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 8. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 – 0.9 times as long as node; node slender, twice as long as broad; sensory hairs rather sparse; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, meandering, with long apical extensions (Figs 32 – 33). Sensilla on proximal flagellomeres occasionally furcate or anastomozing. Palpus clearly shorter than head height, 2 – 3 setae-bearing segments of varying length and outline, apical segment longest of all (Fig. 34). Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 3 – 9. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia not enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing longer than body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 short, slightly bent, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.2 – 1.3 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 30). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateral portions; posterior edge shallowly concave, reinforced and with slight protuberance medially (Fig. 31); anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventrobasal edge straight; ventral emargination large, U-shaped, membranous basally; dorsoposterior portions markedly extended, broadly rounded; dorsal apodemes long, protruding beyond ventrobasal gonocoxal edge. Gonostylus 3 times as long as broad, slightly bent; basolateral apophysis inconspicuous, not angulated. Aedeagal apodeme broadest beyond solid basal portion, the latter usually suddenly and markedly narrowed; distal portion gently tapered towards apex. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny, hardly visible microtrichia. Tegmen elongate-subtriangular; apex narrowly rounded; central area darkly pigmented, sharply contoured, surrounded by broad, hyaline margin; flaps indiscernible; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2EFF57F8EB982BFD95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a noun in apposition meaning small tooth, with reference to the conspicuously small gonostylar claw found in this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2EFF57F8EB982BFD95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 9 July – 8 August 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1824 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), ̒ diversity meadow’, scrubby grassland, 9 June – 6 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1825 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Ullevi, ̒ herb-rich meadow at forest edge, 14 June – 15 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1826 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Skogsby, Station Linné, swampy grassland near willow scrub, 2 June – 4 July 2016, MT, MCJ & E. Gustavsson (spn CEC 1827 in NHRS); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Norra Bäck, garden land with lawn and woody plants, 1 June – 4 August 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1828 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF986E2EFF57F8EB982BFD95.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia parvidens is known from several localities on the island of Öland. Adults were collected in June – July both in dense woodland and in open habitats where woody plants are scarce.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E2EFF57FDD79C1AF889.taxon	description	Figs 35 – 37	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E2EFF57FDD79C1AF889.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae and short, broad wings. The gonostylus is peculiar for that the pectinate claw is situated dorsomedially on a distinct bulge with dense, coarse microtrichia (Fig. 37, ↓ 1). Other structures of diagnostic merit are the broadly triangular tegmen with large, sharply contoured flaps (↓ 2) and the short, subtriangular gonocoxal apodemes (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. serri are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.9 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres; apical flagellomere long, composed of two nodes; flagellomeres 1 – 10 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 times as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs dense; translucent sensilla short, filiform, on lateral surface usually crescent-shaped, on medial surface straight or slightly meandering (Figs 35 – 36). Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments, apical segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area inconspicuous. Wing shorter than body, 2.2 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, faint, very slightly bent, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.2 – 1.3 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, empodia one third claw length. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 37). Ninth tergite longer than half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; posterior edge shallowly concave, slightly reinforced medially; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventroanterior edge faintly contoured, rounded rather than straight; ventral emargination large, broadly V-shaped, membranous basally, with diffuse, darkly pigmented margin; dorsoposterior portions markedly extended, subtriangular. Gonostylus 2.2 times as long as broad, slightly bent; pectinate claw small, transversely aligned; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme broadest beyond solid basal portion, the latter suddenly narrowed; apex delicate, pipette-shaped. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny microtrichia. Tegmen only basally with sharp contours, apex membranous, rounded; edge of flaps with sparse, fine microtrichia; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E2EFF57FDD79C1AF889.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the Serri Nature Reserve in northern Sweden, which protects a large area of well-preserved Lappish landscape.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E2EFF57FDD79C1AF889.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Serri Nature Reserve, swampy oldgrowth forest mixed of spruce and birch, 8 – 30 July 2016, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1831 in NHRS). Paratype. 1 male, same data as the holotype (spn CEC 1832 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E2EFF57FDD79C1AF889.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia serri is known from only two specimens, whose collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E20FF57F8EB9F94F987.taxon	description	Figs 38 – 40	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E20FF57F8EB9F94F987.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. An inconspicuous, medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, whose genitalia are generally similar to that of W. tumida (widespread in Northern Europe) and W. tamariciphila (from Uzbekistan). A structure diagnostic of these three species is the conspicuously long, almost straight gonostylus, whose apex (i. e. the portion above the pectinate claw) is parallel-sided. A peculiarity of W. tumidoides is that the gonostylar claw is situated, either entirely or for the greater part, at the distal half of the gonostylar body, so that the apex is relatively short (Fig. 38, ↓ 4). Another distinction is that the gonocoxal emargination, which is U- rather than V-shaped, has a reinforced, sclerotized base (↓ 5). Females and preimaginal stages of W. tumidoides are unknown. Winnertzia tumida, of which we studied all the six males known from Sweden, differs from W. tumidoides in a number of characters, as follows. It is a slightly more robust and darker brown species; the fore tibia is somewhat longer (1.5 times as long as T 2); the empodia are longer (almost claw-long); the wings are broader (2.2 times as long as broad); the fourth flagellomere has a thicker node (1.5 times as long as broad) and a shorter neck (0.6 times as long as the node); and the number of pronotal setae is considerably larger (15 – 17). As for genitalic characters, the larger part of the pectinate claw is situated in the basal half of the gonostylus; the dorsoposterior portions of the gonocoxites are conspicuously inflated; and the gonocoxal emargination is smaller, V- rather than U-shaped, and unsclerotized basally (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 33). One of the two specimens from England, on which the original description of W. tumida is based, appears to have the gonostylar claw in a slightly more distal position compared with Swedish specimens (Panelius 1965: fig. 34 g), which indicates some intraspecific variation in this character. Winnertzia tamariciphila is distinguished from both W. tumida and W. tumidoides by the short, three-segmented palpus and the tarsal claws bearing three hair-like teeth (Mamaev 1963: fig. 2.4). Other male characters. Body size 1.8 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10, long, filiform, mostly linear to slightly sinuous, others markedly bent or furcate. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs dense (Figs 39 – 40). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments, apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 6. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area inconspicuous. Wing slightly shorter than body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, nearly straight, CuA gently bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.3 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 38). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; posterior edge straight, slightly reinforced medially; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination large; dorsoposterior portions not markedly inflated, narrowly rounded. Gonostylus 3.5 times as long as broad; pectinate claw obliquely aligned, situated somewhat dorsomedially on a small bulge; basolateral apophysis inconspicuous, not angulated. Aedeagal apodeme broadest beyond solid basal portion, the latter long, suddenly narrowed; distal portion gently tapered towards apex. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny microtrichia. Tegmen largely membranous, only basally sharply contoured, slightly tapered towards broadly rounded apex; flaps distinct, reinforced and with fine microtrichia along edges; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E20FF57F8EB9F94F987.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, an adjective meaning tumida - like, refers to the close resemblance of this species to W. tumida.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E20FF57F8EB9F94F987.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 3 June – 4 July 2016, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof & E. Gustavsson (spn CEC 1833 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male (only genitalia slide-mounted), Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), ̒ diversity meadow’, scrubby grassland, 13 May – 8 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn ZFMK-TIS- 2549682 in NHRS); 1 male (only genitalia slide-mounted), Mörbylånga, Ullevi, herb-rich meadow near broadleaf forest, 14 June – 15 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn ZFMK-TIS- 2549603 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF9D6E20FF57F8EB9F94F987.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The three specimens known of this species were collected between mid-May and mid-July in both grass- and woodlands on Öland.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF936E21FF57F9E79EC0FCB5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This group is introduced here for species sharing three or more of the following similarities: the gonostylar claw is long, mostly narrow and, as a rule, exposed at or near the gonostylar apex; of the gonocoxites, the U-shaped emargination is surrounded by conspicuously large setae, the dorsal apodemes are short, and the dorso-posterior portions are not extended; the tegminal flaps are mostly distinct and occasionally microtrichose; and the spikes on the aedeagal bulge are unusually small. Several of the species classified in this group have broad, roundish wings and / or lack vein M 4. The tarsal claws have almost always a single, large tooth basally. Phylogeny. Although the included species resemble each other closely, we are not entirely convinced that the setosa group is monophyletic Our suspicion comes from the fact that none of the derived character states found in this group is shared by all its members. A good example here is the absence of vein M 4, a condition unknown to occur in Winnertzia outside the setosa group. The four species in Sweden lacking M 4 (W. ekdalensis, W. grytsjoenensis, two unnamed species) are not homogenous in other morphological features but blend in well with those species in which M 4 is present. This observation is important insofar as Felt (1920) had introduced a discrete genus, Parwinnertzia, for a Winnertzia - like female from North America whose only distinction is the lack of M 4. As is now obvious, this condition should not be used as a generic character. Parwinnertzia is thus synonymized here with Winnertzia, and the two species previously classified in that genus, P. notmani Felt and P. italiana Mamaev & Zaitzev, are recombined accordingly. Another reason to be uncertain about the monophyly of the setosa group is that some of the included species show characters whose principal occurrence is in the globifera group. For example, the aedeagal apodeme of W. grytsjoenensis is markedly swollen above the solid basal portion (Fig. 50), and the gonostylar claw of W. setosa is in a subapical rather than apical position (Fig. 59). Species included. The setosa group is established for six species newly described here, including the eponymous W. setosa, and for the two species previously classified in Parwinnertzia, the Nearctic W. notmani comb. nov. and the Palearctic W. italiana comb. nov. Our material from Sweden contains another seven species belonging to this group, which we do not treat in detail here because the specimens at our disposal, in each case singletons, are not in a proper condition.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF936E21FF57F9E79EC0FCB5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A likely explanation why the setosa group has not been detected earlier (in spite of its many members) is the fact that specimens of the included species are rarely found. Of the 13 species known to occur in Sweden we have seen only 24 specimens in total, all but two specimens found in Malaise trap samples. This shows to what extent survey work on Winnertzia depends on Malaise trap material.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF926E21FF57FC3C9C1AF87A.taxon	description	Figs 41 – 43	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF926E21FF57FC3C9C1AF87A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae. This is the first species of Winnertzia described to have a solid tooth, not a pectinate claw, at the gonostylar apex (Fig. 43, ↓ 1). (We know of another such species in Costa Rica.) As another peculiarity, the gonostylar apex is blunt-ended, not convex as usually found in Winnertzia (↓ 2). Females and preimaginal stages of W. dentata are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.9 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna half as long as body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere long, composed of two nodes, flagellomeres 1 – 9 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.5 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla obliquely aligned, elongate leaf-shaped, for the most part closely adpressed to flagellomeral body (Figs 41 – 42). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 30. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, gently bent just as CuA, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.8 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 43). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae largely confined to lateroposterior portions; posterior edge with deep, slightly reinforced emargination; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; a large ventrobasal portion non-setose; ventrobasal edge straight; ventral emargination U-shaped, sharply contoured and slightly convex basally; ventroposterior portions protruding beyond dorsoposterior portions which are blunt-ended; dorsal apodemes short. Gonostylus 2.5 times as long as broad, nearly parallel-sided; basolateral apophysis large, slightly angulated. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided with slightly constricted apex; solid basal portion long. Aedeagal bulge with rows of tiny spikes, its anterior edge well-marked as transverse line. Tegmen vaguely contoured, especially medially, slightly narrowed towards rounded, slightly reinforced and microtrichose apex; flaps inconspicuous, narrow; parameral apodemes large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF926E21FF57FC3C9C1AF87A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin adjective dentata means dentate, with reference to the solid gonostylar tooth characteristic of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF926E21FF57FC3C9C1AF87A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Lilla Vickleby lund Nature Reserve, old oak forest, 27 June – 30 July 2014, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1830 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF926E21FF57FC3C9C1AF87A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia dentata is known from a single specimen, whose collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF916E23FF57F8849C23FB65.taxon	description	Figs 44 – 47	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF916E23FF57F8849C23FB65.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with broad, roundish wings devoid of vein M 4 (Fig. 45). The elongate, slender gonostylus is slightly convex medially and equipped with a long pectinate claw apically (Fig. 44, ↓ 3); the aedeagal apodeme is on the distal half slightly broader than basally (↓ 4); the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is shallowly concave; and the gonocoxal dorsal apodemes are shorter than half the distance separating them (↓ 5). Females and preimaginal stages of W. ekdalensis are unknown. Winnertzia ekdalensis conforms with W. grytsjoenensis, the species described next, in having 11 flagellomeres, broad wings, no M 4, and no basitarsal spines. Both species differ in the genitalic structures of males, notably the gonostylus, the tegmen, and the aedeagal apodeme (see Fig. 44 versus Fig. 50). Other male characters. Body size 1.8 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. Presumably 11 flagellomeres (10 retained), flagellomeres 1 – 6 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, irregularly meandering, the lateral shorter than the medial sensillum (Figs 46 – 47). Palpus about as long as head height, 4 setaebearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 16. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing (Fig. 45) shorter than body, 2.1 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. CuA gently bent, ending shortly before wing edge. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia 0.8 claw length. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 44). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; anterior edge faint. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; setae near base of emargination conspicuously large; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventrobasal edge faint, straight; ventral emargination U-shaped, membranous basally, accompanied by U-shaped unsclerotized area basally; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level. Gonostylus 2.7 times as long as broad; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme: solid basal portion moderately long; apex slightly constricted. Aedeagal bulge apparently without spikes. Tegmen largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal third which is more sharply outlined, narrowly rounded apically; flaps distinct, with hardly visible microtrichia; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF916E23FF57F8849C23FB65.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from Ekdalen, a nature reserve in Uppland where the only specimen known of this species was collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF916E23FF57F8849C23FB65.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen Nature Reserve, sparse woodland of oak, 20 July – 3 August 2004, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 27, collection event 1035) (spn CEC 1863 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF916E23FF57F8849C23FB65.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia ekdalensis is known from a single specimen, whose collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF906E25FF57FA879C1BFE21.taxon	description	Figs 48 – 50	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF906E25FF57FA879C1BFE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small, brown Winnertzia with broad wings devoid of vein M 4. The gonostylar claw is broader than in most other species of the setosa group (Fig. 50, ↓ 1); the aedeagal apodeme is markedly broadened beyond the solid basal portion (↓ 2) and slightly broadened subapically (↓ 3); and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is straight. Females and preimaginal stages of W. grytsjoenensis are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.3 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna longer than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 8. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, variously slightly bent, lateral sensillum short, transversely aligned (Fig. 48), medial sensillum long, longitudinally aligned (Fig. 49). Palpus nearly as long as head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 9. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing nearly as long as body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 times length T 2. Acropods: claws bent, basal tooth large; empodia 0.8 claw length. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 50). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; setae near base of emargination conspicuously large; a small ventrobasal portion non-setose; ventrobasal edge straight; ventral emargination U-shaped, membranous basally; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes short, thin. Gonostylus more than twice as long as broad, slightly constricted before midlength; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal bulge apparently without spikes. Tegmen largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal half which is more sharply outlined, gently tapered towards rounded apex; flaps indistinct, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF906E25FF57FA879C1BFE21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to Grytsjön Nature Reserve in Småland, which is the type locality of this new species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF906E25FF57FA879C1BFE21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön Nature Reserve, old-growth hemiboreal forest of conifers mixed with aspen trees, 2 – 12 July 2005, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 1000, collection event 1323) (spn CEC 1879 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male (only genitalia mounted on slide), same data as the holotype but 17 July – 11 August 2014, MCJ (spn ZFMK-TIS- 2549572 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF906E25FF57FA879C1BFE21.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. This species is known from a single locality in Småland, where two specimens were collected at the height of summer (but at an interval of almost a decade) in the old-growth hemiboreal forest prevailing there.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E25FF57FE43994EF88A.taxon	description	Figs 51 – 53	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E25FF57FE43994EF88A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A robust, medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with broad wings. Male genitalic structures characteristic of this species are as follows (Fig. 51). The gonocoxal synsclerite has a sharply contoured, V-shaped emargination framed by a broad, darkly pigmented margin (↓ 4); the gonocoxal apodemes are short-subtriangular (↓ 5); the elongate, apically rounded gonostylus has a fairly long and narrow pectinate claw, whose position is slightly subapical (↓ 6); and the aedeagal apodeme is uniformly broad. Females and preimaginal stages of W. normalis are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.1 – 2.5 mm. Head. Eye bridge 5 – 6 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 11. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla obliquely aligned, elongate leaf-shaped, for the most part closely adpressed to flagellomeral body (Figs 52 – 53). Palpus as long as head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 20 – 22. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.2 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, gently bent, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.2 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 51). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; posterior edge slightly concave and reinforced medially; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; setae near base of emargination conspicuously large; a small portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventrobasal edge straight; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level. Gonostylus almost 2.5 times as long as broad, nearly parallelsided; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme moderately long. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal half which is more sharply outlined, slightly narrowed towards broadly rounded apex; flaps large, clearly contoured, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes of moderate size.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E25FF57FE43994EF88A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin normalis means normal, an allusion to the fact that this species lacks any eye-catching features.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E25FF57FE43994EF88A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta Nature Reserve, swamp forest of alder interspersed with spruce trees, 12 June – 24 July 2010, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1843 in NHRS). Paratype. 1 male, Sweden, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth mixed hemiboreal forest, 17 June – 16 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1844 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male (only genitalia mounted on slide), Öland, Mörbylånga, Kalkstad NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 27 June – 30 July 2014, MT, MCJ (spn ZFMK-TIS- 2549534 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E25FF57FE43994EF88A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The three specimens known of W. normalis were collected in summer in three different woodlands in the southern half of Sweden (Småland, Öland, Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E27FF57F8F099F5FB2D.taxon	description	Figs 54 – 57	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E27FF57F8F099F5FB2D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae and with basitarsal spines (Fig. 57). The gonostylus is slightly constricted before the midlength and then markedly convex medially (Fig. 56, ↓ 1); the gonocoxal apodemes are peculiar for their short-subtriangular shape (↓ 2); and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is deeply emarginate. Females and preimaginal stages of W. oelandica are unknown. Winnertzia oelandica resembles W. italiana in having toothless claws, vestigial empodia, and long wings. Also, the basitarsi of W. italiana were described to have spines, corresponding to the condition in W. oelandica, but this remains to be checked against the holotype. Obvious differences between the two species are the flagellomeral nodes, which are more than twice as long as broad in W. oelandica compared to 1.5 times in W. italiana, and the ninth tergite, whose posterior margin is deeply emarginate in W. oelandica but straight in W. italiana. Other male characters. Body size 1.5 – 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna shorter than half body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 10 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla present on flagellomeres 1 – 9. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 2.2 times as long as broad; sensory hairs sparse; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla long, filiform, longitudinally aligned, variously slightly bent (Figs 54 – 55). Palpus shorter than head height, 3 setae-bearing segments, preceded by two small, non-setose bodies which presumably are palpifer and first segment; apical segment as long as preceding two segments together. Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 6 – 7. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing as long as body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 faint, barely discernible. CuA gently bent, fading before wing edge. Legs. Scales pointed. Fore tibia 1.1 times length T 2. Claws slightly bent. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 56). Ninth tergite shorter than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior half portion; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; setae close to base of emargination conspicuously large; ventroanterior edge straight; ventral emargination U-shaped, membranous basally; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level. Gonostylus 2.7 times as long as broad; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes; anterior edge well-marked as transverse line. Tegmen largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal half which is more sharply outlined; distal third subtriangular; apex narrowly rounded; flaps faintly contoured, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E27FF57F8F099F5FB2D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from Öland, the provenance of all the specimens known of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E27FF57F8F099F5FB2D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Kalkstad Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest, 27 June – 30 July 2014, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 1876 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Vickleby ädellövskog NR, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 17 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1878 in NHRS); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Rönnerum-Abbantorp NR, mixed broadleaf forest predominated by hornbeam, 17 June – 15 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1877 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 2 males (only genitalia mounted on slide), Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest, 27 June – 30 July 2014, MT, MCJ (spns ZFMK-TIS- 2549544 – ZFMK-TIS- 2549545 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF966E27FF57F8F099F5FB2D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia oelandica is known only from Öland. The five specimens at our disposal were collected in summer in four different localities, all covered with broadleaf forest.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF946E18FF57FB4F9E78FDED.taxon	description	Figs 58 – 62	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF946E18FF57FB4F9E78FDED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae and broad wings. Male genitalic structures characteristic of W. setosa are as follows. The gonostylar claw is fairly long and broad, obliquely aligned, and situated slightly subapically (Fig. 59, ↓ 3). The broad gonocoxal synsclerite has an U-shaped emargination (Fig. 59, ↓ 4), which is bordered, and largely covered, by conspicuously dense, large setae. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite has a deep, sclerotized emargination (Fig. 58, ↓ 5). Females and preimaginal stages of this new species are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.8 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna half as long as body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres; apical flagellomere long, composed of two nodes; flagellomeres 1 – 10 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla mostly obliquely aligned, filiform, linear to slightly bent (Figs 60 – 61). Palpus as long as head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 13 – 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.2 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, gently bent just as CuA, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 – 1.5 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia nearly claw-long. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 59). Ninth tergite slightly longer than half gonopodal length; setae largely confined to lateroposterior portions; anterior edge indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally non-setose; ventral emargination accompanied basally by extensive unsclerotized area; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes short, dorsal bridge concave to various extents (Figs 59, 62). Gonostylus almost 2.5 times as long as broad, slightly broadened apically; basolateral apophysis moderately large, not angulated. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided except for slightly narrowed apex; solid basal portion long. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen elongate-subtriangular, largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal half which is more sharply outlined; flaps large, faintly contoured, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes small.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF946E18FF57FB4F9E78FDED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin setosa means setose, with reference to the gonocoxal emargination that in this species is framed by particularly dense setae.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF946E18FF57FB4F9E78FDED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 20 June – 18 July 2005, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 8, collection event 1602) (spn CEC 1834 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as the holotype (spn CEC 1835 in SDEI, spn CEC 1836 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 18 June – 4 July 2003 (collection event 389) (spn CEC 1875 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FF946E18FF57FB4F9E78FDED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia setosa is known from a small series of specimens collected during the summer of two different years in an elm grove in Uppland.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAB6E18FF57FD0F9E06F96D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Morphological structures occurring exclusively in the solidaginis group are unknown. Species classified in this group fulfil two criteria: their morphology does not match the definitions of other subdivisions of Winnertzia, and their aedeagal bulge is covered with fine, spike-shaped microtrichia in longitudinal lines. The counterpart of the solidaginis group is the tridens group, in which the aedeagal bulge is covered with small, randomly distributed knobs. Phylogeny. The solidaginis group as delineated here is basically a catch-all category for Winnertzia whose morphology is incompatible with other groups. Even so, many of the species accomodated here share overall similarity to a considerable extent, suggesting that this is not an entirely arbitrary assemblage. The core of the group, made up of W. solidaginis agg. and several species closely related to it, is likely to be monophyletic. Male morphology indicates that there are other monophyletic subgroups, such as the species complexes around W. bulbifera, W. longiptera, and W. nigripennis, each distinguished by several characters in combination, rather than by a singular feature. The fact that the same characters occur in more than one subgroup, although in different combinations, makes phylogenetically conclusive character patterns difficult to identify. Therefore, it seems probable that the interspecific relationships within the solidaginis group cannot be resolved using solely male morphological indicators. Species included. Most Winnertzia we have seen, in Sweden and elsewhere, are members of the solidaginis group, a fact suggesting that this applies to the bulk of the species named in the past also. Of the Winnertzia species described by the late B. M. Mamaev, 32 turned out to belong to the solidaginis group (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 85). None of these species can be recognized from published descriptions, and some are likely identical with species in Sweden left unnamed here. Species of the solidaginis group whose presence in Sweden is proven are W. brevipalpata Jaschhof, W. curvata Panelius, W. fusca Kieffer, W. graduata Spungis, W. longiptera Mamaev, W. nigra Mamaev, W. padicola Spungis, W. parvispina Jaschhof, and W. pinicola Kieffer. Another three Winnertzi a previously reported as occurring in Sweden (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013) are revealed here as aggregate species: W. bulbifera Mamaev (comprising the genuine W. bulbifera and two apparently unnamed species), W. nigripennis Kieffer (comprising the genuine W. nigripennis, a previously unnamed species described here as W. ombergensis, and three species in which we cannot decide whether they are unnamed or unrecognizable from the literature), and W. solidaginis Felt (comprising four genetically distinct species). Of 30 species in our material that we cannot relate to available names (not counted those subsumed under W. solidaginis), 11 are described here as new to science.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAB6E19FF57F88F9857FC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small, brown Winnertzia with single-segmented palpi and long, narrow wings. Male genitalic characters diagnostic of this species are as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 36 A – B). The gonostylar apex, which is slightly swollen, bears dense, large microtrichia and a small pectinate claw. The aedeagal apodeme is gently tapered towards the apex, which is membranous and very thin (even thinner than depicted by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013: fig. 36 B )). In undisturbed specimens, the evenly rounded tegminal apex is unusually sharply contoured, possibly as a result of sclerotization. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is deep (usually even deeper than depicted by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013: fig. 36 B )), V-shaped and membranous basally; and the dorsal apodemes are long and thin. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broad with a shallow concavity medially.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAB6E19FF57F88F9857FC29.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All the 24 males in our material come from the southern half of Sweden (Småland to Uppland, including the two large islands, Öland and Gotland), which might indicate the species’s absence from the boreal forest zone.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAB6E19FF57F88F9857FC29.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 9 males, Småland, Alsterbro, herb-rich backyard, 27 May – 19 June 2016, MT, MCJ & S. O. Ulefors (spms CEC 2858 and CEC 2862 – CEC 2864 in NHRS, CEC 2853 – CEC 2857 in SDEI); 2 males, same data but 22 April – 26 May 2016 (spns CEC 2851 – CEC 2852 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), scrubby meadow at forest edge, 1 – 23 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 22, collection event 776) (spn CEC 2859 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 20 May – 28 June 2006 (collection event 1725) (spn CEC 2868 in NHRS); 1 male, same locality but 9 June – 6 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2850 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Ullevi, herb-rich meadow at forest edge, 24 May – 13 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2848 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 8 April – 9 May 2016 (spn CEC 2849 in SDEI); 1 male, Gotland, Roleks, grazed pine forest, 15 April – 2 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 28, collection event 496) (spn CEC 2860 in NHRS); 1 male, Bohuslän, Tanum, Hamburgsund, Stora Snixholmen, rocky coast, 17 June – 2 July 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 32, collection event 1068) (spn CEC 2861 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Trosa, Hunga, Södergård 1, grassland with manure pile, 16 May – 13 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 12, collection event 889) (spn CEC 2865 in NHRS); 2 males, Uppland, Älvkarleby, Marma skjutfält, dry grassland with birch trees, 9 December 2003 – 14 April 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 6, collection event 376) (spns CEC 2866 – CEC 2867 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAA6E19FF57FC4B9DAEF851.taxon	description	Figs 63 – 65 Our reexamination revealed that W. bulbifera sensu Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) comprises three discrete species, referred to here as A, B and C. The genitalic illustration in Mamaev’s original description (Mamaev 1963: fig. 3.5) suggests that the genuine W. bulbifera is identical with our species A (Fig. 63), an assumption that must be corroborated in the future by study of the holotype. Within the solidaginis group, W. bulbifera agg. is distinguished by the conspicuously long gonostylus with inflated apex, whose exact outline is specific to each of A, B and C (Figs 63 – 65). Also, in species C the fore tibia is markedly longer than the second tarsomere, while in A and B both segments are maximally equally long (occasionally the tibia is even slightly shorter than the second tarsomere). Specimens at our disposal, altogether 19 males, indicate that the habitats of A, B and C differ also. Specimens of A (n = 7) come from moist forests of spruce and pine; specimens of B (n = 7) from swamp forests of spruce interspersed with small-leaved softwoods, such as alder, birch and willow; and specimens of C (n = 5) from dry pine forests. To solve this taxonomic issue, the preliminary observations described here must be supported by better data, both from morphological study of extra-Swedish specimens and DNA barcoding. Winnertzia ombergensis, a new species described below, resembles W. bulbifera agg. in the long, apically inflated gonostylus as well as in the medial gonocoxal bridges, which are strongly bulging. We think that all these species belong to a monophyletic subgroup (bulbifera subgroup) of the solidaginis group. Winnertzia fraxinophila is another new species with long, inflated gonostylus, although we deem it closer to W. solidaginis, for both these species have gonocoxae in which the dorsoposterior portions, not the medial bridges, are protruding. Finally, W. obscurella Mamaev is another species described as having the gonostylus both long and inflated (Mamaev 2002 a: fig. 3), but in other respects the species description is too imprecise for drawing conclusions regarding the intrageneric placement of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAA6E19FF57FC4B9DAEF851.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Species A: spns GULI 000021220 and GULI 000021226 in NHRS, spns SE 1646 – SE 1648 and CEC 2868 – CEC 2869 in SDEI. Species B: spns GULI 000021222 – GULI 000021225 in NHRS, spns CEC 2873 and CEC 3213 – CEC 3214 in SDEI. Species C: spn GULI 000021221 in NHRS, spns CEC 2870 – CEC 2872 and CEC 2874 in SDEI.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA96E1BFF57FB489EB2FB49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, distinguished by the following combination of male genitalic characters (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 37 A – C). The gonostylus, which is nearly parallel-sided and twice as long as broad, has a broad pectinate claw with an indistinct furrow along its base. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the broadly V-shaped emargination is conspicuously short; the membranous area below the emargination is small; a large portion ventrobasally is devoid of setae; the medial bridges are slightly bulging; and the dorsal apodemes are short and, as a rule, slightly bent inwards. The tegmen, whose outline is broadly subtriangular, is sharply contoured except for a characteristic, subapical break; the long parameral apodemes are oriented ventrolaterad. The anterior margin of the aedeagal bulge is apparent as a distinct, transveral line. The aedeagal apodeme is, slightly but appreciably, broadened near the midlength, a peculiarity displayed by almost all the specimens studied here. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite, which is markedly narrowed, has a shallow indentation medially whose periphery is almost always darkly pigmented.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA96E1BFF57FB489EB2FB49.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We know of a Winnertzia resembling W. curvata, except that it is larger, the flagellomeral nodes are markedly more slender, the wings are longer, the gonostylus is more strongly tapered towards the apex, the gonocoxal apodemes are longer, and the ninth tergite is not so darkly pigmented posteriorly. We assume this is an unnamed species but regard our material, three males from southern Sweden (Skåne, Öland), as not sufficient for taxonomic description.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA96E1BFF57FB489EB2FB49.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Our specimens of W. curvata, altogether 53 males, come from nine biological provinces, from Halland in the south to Lule Lappmark in the north. This is one of the most common and widespread Winnertzia in Sweden.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA96E1BFF57FB489EB2FB49.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens of W. curvata listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Frösslunda alvar, alvar pasture, 9 May – 3 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 20, collection event 1495) (spn CEC 2909 in NHRS); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest, 9 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2891 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 3 June – 4 July 2016 (spn CEC 2890 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Vickleby ädellövskog NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 17 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2896 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Trollskogen NR, old-growth pine forest, 5 July 2014, sweepnet, MCJ (spn CEC 2892 in SDEI); 1 male, same locality but 4 – 31 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2893 in SDEI); 2 males, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, dry pine forest, 7 May – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2894 – CEC 2895 in SDEI); 1 male, Halland, Kungsbacka, Särö, Västerskog, mixed forest of oak and pine, 25 July – 9 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 33, collection event 1981) (spn CEC 2910 in NHRS); 2 males, Södermanland, Haninge, Tyresta NP, Urskogsslingan, pine forest, 8 June – 2 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 3, collection event 84) (spns CEC 2911 – CEC 2912 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but spruce forest, 21 July – 4 August 2003 (trap 4, collection event 89) (spn CEC 2913 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Huddinge, Sofielund Recycling Center, pine forest near garbage dump, 10 – 16 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 5, collection event 767) (spn CEC 2914 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Södertälje, Tullgarns näs, Rävsalaviken, mixed forest next to pasture, 23 July – 1 August 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 30, collection event 5003) (spn CEC 2915 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen NR, sparse oak wood, 3 – 23 August 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 1036) (spn CEC 2925 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 27 June – 17 July 2005 (collection event 1703); 6 males, Uppland, Älvkarleby, Båtfors, pine forest, 17 June – 3 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 7, collection event 378) (spns CEC 2918 – CEC 2922 and CEC 2924 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 17 July – 16 August 2005 (collection event 1593); 1 male, Dalarna, Vansbro, Tjärnberget NR, spruce forest, 16 June – 23 July 2010, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2902 in SDEI); 1 male, Dalarna, Orsa, 4 km NW Ejheden, recently burnt mixed forest of conifers and birch, 26 June – 18 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2903 in SDEI); 1 male, Orsa, Unnan valley, Näckådalen, old-growth mixed boreal forest, 1 – 20 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2905 in SDEI); 4 males, Orsa, Gåsberget NR, swamp forest of spruce, pine and birch, 25 June – 18 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2904 and CEC 2906 – CEC 2908 in SDEI); 1 male, Västerbotten, Vindeln, Svartberget Experimental Forest, Åheden, pine forest, 9 – 23 July 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 61, collection event 1301) (spn CEC 2917 in NHRS); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Vuollerim, Älvvägen, Lövgården, backyard, 16 – 30 June 2017, MT, M. Karström & MCJ (spn CEC 2897 in SDEI); 2 males, Jokkmokk, Messaure, herb-rich boreal forest, 3 – 30 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2899 – CEC 2900 in SDEI); 1 male, Jokkmokk, 6 km SE Vuollerim, Lagnäsån, herb-rich boreal forest, 2 – 29 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2901 in SDEI). Winnertzia sp. near curvata: spns CEC 3215 – CEC 3217 in NHRS.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA86E1CFF57FAAB9868FD25.taxon	description	Fig. 66 Several male Winnertzia in our material are undoubtedly conspecific with W. fusca Kieffer as redescribed by Spungis (1992), thereby providing the first records of this species in Sweden. While Spungis (1992) reared his specimens from larvae found under the decaying bark of a birch tree, our specimens came mostly from forests predominated by other broadleaf trees, particularly oak, but also alder and aspen.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA86E1CFF57FAAB9868FD25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This dark-brown species is one of the largest Winnertzia known to us, with male body lengths exceeding 3 mm. The eye bridge is 5 – 7 ommatidia long dorsally, thus longer than in most other Winnertzia. In all our specimens the tarsi are brighter (yellow?) than the proximal leg segments (brown?), a peculiarity that W. fusca shares with W. arctostylus, a new species described below. The genitalic structures of male W. fusca are reminiscent of that found in W. nigripennis, the distinctions being as follows (Fig. 66). The gonocoxal synsclerite, which is conspicuously long, has a large non-setose area ventroanteriorly; the robust gonostylus is markedly shorter and straight rather than bent; the outline of the tegmen, especially the apex and the flaps, is more sharply contoured; and the aedeagal apodeme lacks an apical collar. We noticed some variability among our specimens, notably regarding the density of the ventral gonocoxal setae (Fig. 66 depicts a specimen with very dense setae), the extent of the nonsetose gonocoxal portion, the size of the parameral apodemes, and the outline of the aedeagal apodeme.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA86E1CFF57FAAB9868FD25.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Most of our specimens (n = 12) are from the southern half of Sweden, from Skåne in the south to Dalarna in the north. This might indicate that W. fusca is only sparsely distributed in the boreal forest zone.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA86E1CFF57FAAB9868FD25.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Skåne, Malmö, Limhamns kalkbrott, 11 – 27 May 2009, MT, B. W. Svensson et al. (spn GULI 000020979 in NHRS); 1 male, Halland, Halmstad, Visberget, forest predominated by oak trees, 4 May – 10 June 2019, flight intercept trap on oak tree, M. Lindström (spn CEC 2941 in NHRS); 1 male, Halland, Laholm, Timmershult, dry oak forest, 17 May – 12 June 2019, pitfall trap, M. Lindström (spn CEC 2942 in SDEI); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, moist hay meadow at forest edge, 20 May – 4 June 2005, Malaise trap, SMTP (trap 1001, collection event 1328) (spn CEC 2950 in NHRS); 1 male, same locality but thin aspen forest, 15 May – 16 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2944 in SDEI); 1 male, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Storpissan NR, old-growth spruce forest, 18 June – 20 July 2009, MT, MCJ (spn GULI 000020980 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Tyresö, Åva, Spirudden, coastal forest predominated by oak trees, 28 May – 16 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 1, collection event 316) (spn CEC 2949 in NHRS); 2 males, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen NR, young broadleaf forest with old oak trees, 17 May – 2 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 486) (spns CEC 2945 – CEC 2946 in NHRS); 1 male, same locality but 26 May – 13 June 2005, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 1701) (spn CEC 2947 in SDEI); 1 male, Dalarna, Säter, Säterdalen, Näsåkerspussen, alder wood, 18 – 31 May 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 10, collection event 1621) (spn CEC 2948 in SDEI); 1 male, Västerbotten, Vindeln, Kulbäcksliden Experimental Forest, Degerö stormyr, bog, 1 – 22 September 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 59, collection event 1286) (spn CEC 2951 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1CFF57FD479C57F889.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, whose male genitalic structures are specific to this species, as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 38 A – B). A good character is the ninth tergite whose posterior portion is narrow and bilobed, the lobes being darkly pigmented and separated by a deep U-shaped indentation. The gonocoxal synsclerite resembles that of W. curvata, the differences being that in W. graduata the bulge of the medial bridges is more pronounced, and the dorsal apodemes are slightly longer. The gonostyli of both species are also largely similar, except for the somewhat greater length in W. graduata. The tegmen is on the basal two thirds sharply contoured, while the apex, which is suddenly narrowed, is completely membranous and faint; the parameral apodemes are conspicuously broad. The basal edge of the aedeagal bulge is vaguely indicated rather than clear-cut.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1CFF57FD479C57F889.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Given the striking conformity in male genitalic structures, W. graduata and W. curvata may be regarded as sister species. If the strongly emarginated ninth tergite is an indicator of relationship, then W. incisa, a new species described below, should be closely related to this species pair.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1CFF57FD479C57F889.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Specimens studied here of W. graduata, altogether 45 males, were collected in nine biological provinces in Sweden, from Halland to Lule Lappmark, which equals the distribution of W. curvata.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1CFF57FD479C57F889.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 2 males, Halland, Laholm, Blåalt NR, oak-dominated forest, 15 May – 12 June 2019, flight interception trap on oak, M. Lindström (spn CEC 2841 in NHRS, spn CEC 2834 in SDEI); 1 male, Gotland, Rembs, pine forest, 13 – 20 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 29, collection event 254) (spn CEC 2842 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Haninge, Tyresta NP, Urskogsslingan, pine forest, 4 – 26 August 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 3, collection event 109) (spn CEC 2843 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but spruce forest (trap 4, collection event 114) (spn CEC 2844 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Fiby NR, swampy mixed boreal forest, 9 June – 23 July 2010, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2835 in SDEI); 2 males, Dalarna, Orsa, Gåsberget NR, swampy mixed boreal forest, 25 June – 18 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2837 – CEC 2838 in SDEI); 1 male, Orsa, 4 km NW Ejheden, recently burnt mixed boreal forest, 26 June – 18 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2839 in SDEI); 3 males, Västerbotten, Vindeln, Svartberget Experimental Forest, Åheden, pine forest, 9 – 23 July 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 61, collection event 1301) (spns CEC 2845 – CEC 2847 in NHRS); 1 male, Vindeln, Kulbäcksliden NR, tall mixed boreal forest, 4 July – 18 August 2009, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2836 in SDEI); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Luottåive NR, swampy mixed boreal forest, 29 June – 29 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2840 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1DFF57F8EB9ED6F985.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with conspicuously long wings. A combination of male genitalic characters is diagnostic of this species, as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 39 A – B). The gonostylus, which is parallel-sided and more than twice as long as broad, has a broad pectinate claw with a furrow along its base. The gonocoxal synsclerite, whose base is markedly narrowed, has the lateral edges conspicuously straight (as opposed to convex); the deep, V-shaped ventral emargination is accompanied by a small membranous area basally; the medial bridges are conspicuously densely setose; and the dorsal apodemes are thin and moderately long. The large, subtriangular tegmen has a narrowly rounded apex; the lateral edges are sharply contoured except for a short, subapical break; the flaps are indistinct; and the parameral apodemes are large. The ninth tergite is conspicuously narrow posteriorly. To distinguish W. longiptera from generally similar species (see the discussion below), the following characters should be considered: pronotal setae number 7 – 11, the nodes of the flagellomeres are conspicuously narrow, the empodia are only half as long as the claws, and the aedeagal apodeme is parallel-sided except for the apex which is constricted for a short distance.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1DFF57F8EB9ED6F985.taxon	discussion	Discussion. We know of seven other species in Sweden sharing with W. longiptera the large gonostylus with a broad pectinate claw, and the ninth tergite with a narrow, slightly concave posterior margin. Two of these were described in our earlier revision of Winnertzia as species A and C (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 98 and 100, respectively), the others were discovered in the course of the present study. It is basically possible to distinguish longiptera - like species from each other using male morphological indicators (as shown for species A and C in our 2013 paper), although the characters we found to be useful for identification went mostly unregarded by previous taxonomists. As a consequence, our species diagnoses are not comparable with those published earlier. We leave it, therefore, unclarified for the time being whether these species are new to science or hidden as unrecognizables in the literature (such as W. equestris Mamaev (Mamaev 1963: fig. 3.6; Spungis 1992: fig. 60 )). For now they are labeled as “ longiptera A ” (of which we have seen 18 males), “ longiptera B ” (n = 12), “ longiptera C ” (n = 20), “ longiptera D ” (n = 4), “ longiptera E ” (n = 20), “ longiptera F ” (n = 7), and “ longiptera G ” (n = 5).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1DFF57F8EB9ED6F985.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. According to our data based on 31 specimens, the range of W. longiptera is confined to the southern half of Sweden (Halland to Dalarna).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAF6E1DFF57F8EB9ED6F985.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens of W. longiptera listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 2 males, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, mixed boreal forest, 17 June – 16 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2829 – CEC 2830); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, S Trollskogen NR, commercial pine forest, 5 July 2014, sweepnet, MCJ (spn CEC 2810); 1 male, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, dry pine forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2813); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Färjestaden, backyard with birch grove, 10 June – 10 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2811); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Skogsby, Station Linné, backyard with compost pile, 26 June – 7 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2812); 5 males, Halland, Laholm, Blåalt NR, oak-dominated forest, 12 June – 8 July 2019, MT, M. Lindström (spns CEC 2817 – CEC 2821); 1 male, Dalarna, Orsa, Gåsberget NR, swampy mixed boreal forest, 25 June – 18 July 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2831) (all in SDEI). Species A: spns GULI 000021363 – GULI 000021374 in NHRS, spns SE 1619 – SE 1621, SE 1627, and SE 1633 – 1634 in SDEI. Species B: spns CEC 3218 – CEC 3229 in SDEI. Species C: spns GULI 000021389 – GULI 000021392 in NHRS, spns SE 1541, SE 1546 – SE 1547, and CEC 3230 – CEC 3242 in SDEI. Species D: spns GULI 000021393 – GULI 000021394 in NHRS, spns SE 1545 and CEC 4243 in SDEI. Species E: spns GULI 000020968 – GULI 000020969 and GULI 000020975 – GULI 000020977 in NHRS, spns CEC 3244 – CEC 3258 in SDEI. Species F: spns GULI 000020970 – GULI 000020974 in NHRS, spns CEC 3259 – CEC 3260 in SDEI. Species G: spns CEC 3261 – CEC 3265 in SDEI.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAE6E1DFF57F9E79F6CF851.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large, blackish-brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 38 C). The massive gonostylus is strongly bent apically, with the apical portion bearing (apart from ordinary setae) a small pectinate claw and dense, coarse microtrichia. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral surface is conspicuously densely setose except for a non-setose portion basally, the ventral emargination is deeply V-shaped, and the dorsal apodemes are unusually short and thick. The tegmen, which is small in relation to the other genitalic structures, has small, sharply contoured flaps with fine microtrichia. The long, completely setose ninth tergite has the posterior edge slightly concave.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAE6E1DFF57F9E79F6CF851.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. The only Swedish specimen known to us is a male collected in Småland, southern Sweden (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1EFF57FF2B9F57FBF1.taxon	description	Of the six males used to redescribe W. nigripennis in our earlier revision of Winnertzia in Sweden (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 92), two are revealed here as misidentifications (see W. ombergensis, a new species described below). While we are not aware of other specimens of W. nigripennis from Sweden, we know that there are three sibling species (spns CEC 3266 – CEC 3269 in SDEI). These siblings, which we leave unidentified for now, share with W. nigripennis the following similarities: the subcylindrical, slightly bent gonostylus is conspicuously long; the gonostylar claw is moderately large; the basolateral apophysis is large and angulated; the tegmen is tapered towards the narrowly rounded apex; the gonocoxal emargination is broadly V- to U-shaped and accompanied by a fairly large unsclerotized area basally; the medial bridges of the gonocoxae are bulging medially; the dorsal apodemes are long and thin; and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broad and concave medially (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 40 C). Interspecific differences concern the length / width ratio of the flagellomeral node, the shape of the scales, the relative length of the fore tibia, the length of the empodium, and genitalic structures.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1EFF57FF2B9F57FBF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Winnertzia nigripennis is a medium-sized, dark-brown Winnertzia, whose males can be identified by the following characters in combination. The eye bridge is 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. The antenna has 12 flagellomeres, with all but the last flagellomere having translucent sensilla. Of the fourth flagellomere, the neck is 0.7 times as long as the node, and the node is 1.6 times as long as broad. The 4 - segmented palpus is 1.4 times longer than the head height. Pronotal setae amount to 30 or more. The lateral mediotergal microtrichia are large; the parascutellar area is bright and vaguely contoured. The leg vestiture includes short, blunt-ended scales in large numbers. The fore tibia is 1.1 times longer than the second tarsomere. The empodia are vestigial, about one third as long as the claws. Genitalic characters of diagnostic merit are as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 40 C). The furrow at the base of the gonostylar claw is indistinct; the gonocoxal synsclerite is markedly convex ventroanteriorly; the tegmen is more strongly contoured on the basal half compared with the apical half; the tegminal flaps are faint; the parameral apodemes are long; of the aedeagal apodeme, the solid basal portion is long and the apical portion has a slight constriction followed by a collar-shaped broadening; and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is darkly pigmented around the medial concavity.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1EFF57FF2B9F57FBF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Winnertzia nigripennis is known from a single series of males collected in Uppland (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 92).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1FFF57FB739E2CFD41.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A brown, medium-sized to large Winnertzia, distinguished by male genitalic characters, as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 41 A). The apex of the aedeagal apodeme, which is both sclerotized and pointed, resembles the tip of a pipette. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is U-shaped, with a fairly small membranous area basally, and the dorsal apodemes are very long and thin. Of the tegmen, the apex is broadly rounded to truncated, the flaps are distinct, and the parameral apodemes, whose orientation is ventrolaterad, are longer than in many other Winnertzia. The massive gonostylus appears to be either parallel-sided or slightly broadened apically, depending on the visual angle; the pectinate claw is narrow and small in relation to the gonostylar body. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broad and shallowly indented medially.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1FFF57FB739E2CFD41.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Although the pipette-shaped aedeagal apodeme may be regarded as typical of W. padicola, there are other species in which the apodeme is markedly narrowed apically. Two of these we described earlier as species B and C (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: figs 43 B – C and fig. 44 A, respectively), with the latter referred to in the present paper as “ longiptera C ”. Both species are fairly common and widespread in Sweden, making it likely that they have been named in the past by other authors, although we are unable to recognize them in the descriptive literature. Apart from B and C, we know of another three species in Sweden with apically constricted apodemes; all are uncommon (represented in our material by two, five and six, respectively, specimens) and inconspicuous in terms of other morphological characters. These species, which need further study, are merely mentioned here to raise awareness of their existence. Two other Winnertzia with a similar kind of aedeagal apodeme are described below: W. fraxinophila, a species apparently closely related to W. solidaginis, and W. sundini, a species distinguished from all the others discussed here by its partly regressive male morphology. We doubt that the apical constriction of the aedeagal apodeme, which is a simple modification, should be rated as an indicator of relatedness.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1FFF57FB739E2CFD41.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. Winnertzia nigripennis is known from 20 males, collected in six different provinces of Sweden, from Skåne in the south to Lule Lappmark in the north.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAD6E1FFF57FB739E2CFD41.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Norra Bäck, herb-rich backyard, 1 June – 4 August 2018, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2881 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 10 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2882 in SDEI); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), scrubby meadow at forest edge, 20 May – 28 June 2006, MT, SMTP (trap 22, collection event 1725) (spn CEC 2952 in NHRS); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 9 July – 8 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2880 in SDEI); 2 males, Södermanland, Tyresö, Åva, Spirudden, coastal oak forest, 6 – 21 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 1, collection event 1571) (spns CEC 2884 – CEC 2885 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Huddinge, Sofielund Recycling Center, pine forest near garbage dump, 10 – 16 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 5, collection event 767) (spn CEC 2886 in NHRS); 1 male, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Beechforest NR, beech forest, 5 – 19 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 16, collection event 1667) (spn CEC 2887 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen NR, sparse oak forest, 13 – 27 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 1702); 1 male, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 15 – 28 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 8, collection event 1557) (spn CEC 2889 in NHRS); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Kaltisbäcken NR, old-growth mixed boreal forest, 4 – 30 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2883 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E1FFF57FCA39F0DFA11.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalia, as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 41 B – C). The parallel-sided, markedly bent gonostylus has a conspicuously small claw, which consists of only 4 – 6 widely spaced, subtriangular spines. We are not aware of another Winnertzia with this kind of gonostylar claw. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, which is massive in relation to the gonostylar size, the ventral emargination is an unusually deep, narrow U-shape, accompanied basally by a small membranous area; and the dorsal transverse bridge, which is conspicuously straight (as opposed to concave, the outline usually found in Winnertzia), is twice as broad as the dorsal apodeme length. The posterior edge of the ninth tergite, which is markedly narrowed, has a perfectly sinuous outline.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E1FFF57FCA39F0DFA11.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All the 19 males we have studied of W. parvispina come from the southern quarter of Sweden, with Östergötland as the northernmost distribution.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E1FFF57FCA39F0DFA11.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth aspen forest, 2 – 12 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 1000, collection event 1323) (spn CEC 2878); 2 males, same locality but mixed boreal forest, 17 June – 16 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2877 and CEC 2879); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Kalkstad NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 28 August – 24 September 2014, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2875); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Ullevi, herb-rich meadow, 24 May – 13 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2876) (all in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E10FF57FA539E95FCD1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, whose male genitalic structures (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 40 A – B) provide the best characters for distinguishing it from both W. nigripennis and W. solidaginis agg. Most importantly, the gonostylus of W. pinicola is very gently tapered from the broad base towards the apex, the latter bearing the comparatively narrow pectinate claw. Furthermore, of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventroanterior edge is broadly rounded, the ventral emargination is U shaped, with a moderately large membranous area basally, and the dorsal apodemes are fairly long; the posterior edge of the ninth tergite, which is comparatively narrow, has a fairly deep, wide concavity medially; and the aedeagal apodeme has often, but not always, a slight broadening apically that is faintly reminiscent of an anchor-shape. As a non-genitalic distinction, the empodia are as long as the claws. See also W. acutistylus, a new species described below to have an apically constricted gonostylus.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E10FF57FA539E95FCD1.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The material we studied contains a few specimens (GULI 000020965, GULI 000020967 and CEC 3270 – CEC 3273) that, although closely resembling W. pinicola, do not perfectly match the diagnosis given above. We deem it possible that they belong to one or more sibling species. One of the characters found to vary is the vestiture on the aedeagal bulge, which in some specimens is considerably denser than in others, and, especially at the base of the bulge, resembling knobs rather than spike-shaped microtrichia. It is obvious that W. pinicola will need further attention by taxonomists, and that revisional work in the future should consider to designate a neotype for this species once the delineation problems are satisfyingly resolved.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E10FF57FA539E95FCD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All but one of the 48 specimens we studied of W. pinicola were collected in the southern half of Sweden, the northernmost distribution being Uppland. Our only specimen from northern Sweden is from Västerbotten.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFAC6E10FF57FA539E95FCD1.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 4 males, Skåne, Limhamns kalkbrott, 27 July – 16 August 2009, MT, B. W. Svensson et al. (spns CEC 2966 – CEC 2969); 1 male, Små- land, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, thin aspen forest, 9 April – 14 May 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2970); 1 male, same data but swampy meadow at forest edge, 17 June – 16 July 2015 (spn CEC 2971); 4 males, Öland, Borgholm, Rönnerum-Abbantorp NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 16 July – 21 August 2016, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 2973 – CEC 2974, CEC 2985 – CEC 2986); 1 male, Borgholm, Lindreservat NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2989); 3 males, same data but 22 July – 23 August 2015 (spns CEC 2982 – CEC 2984); 1 male, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2976); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Färjestaden, backyard with birch grove, 11 July – 18 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2990); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Västerstad elm-forest NR, old-growth elm forest, 10 June – 9 July 2014, MT, SMTP (trap 3002, col- lection event 3053) (spn CEC 2975); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Skogsby, Station Linné, swampy meadow, 2 June – 4 July 2016, MT, MCJ & E. Gustavsson (spn CEC 2993); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 18 August – 22 September 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 2991) (all in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E10FF57FC139CE5FAD9.taxon	discussion	We have no doubt any more that W. solidaginis as circumscribed in our earlier revision of Swedish Winnertzia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 96 ff., fig. 42) comprises several discrete species. However, although we reexamined the morphology of all our specimens, altogether 128 males from all over Sweden (Skåne to Lule Lappmark), the outcome was inconclusive. On the one hand, we noticed morphological distinctions among our specimens; on the other hand, we failed to group those distinctions into a reasonable number of morphotypes. Our conclusion is that male morphology alone cannot solve this issue. There is also the fact that W. solidaginis designates originally a North American species, as do its four synonyms (Gagné & Jaschhof 2017), which makes the whole matter considerably more complicated. For the time being we see no better solution than treating W. solidaginis as a species aggregate.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E10FF57FC139CE5FAD9.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and those numbered here CEC 3274 – CEC 3334 (all in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E11FF57FA1B981CFC99.taxon	description	Figs 67 – 69	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E11FF57FA1B981CFC99.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to medium-sized, brown Winnertzia. Male genitalic characters specific to this species are as follows (Fig. 69). The posterior edge of the ninth tergite, which is broadly rounded, has a pair of lobes inside bearing microtrichia and sparse setae (↓ 1). In almost all other species of the solidaginis group the ninth tergite is indented posteromedially and lacks inner lobes (but see W. egregia, a new species described below). The dorsal apodemes of the gonocoxae are unusually narrow and strongly bent at their bases (↓ 2). The gonostylus is markedly tapered towards the apex, which holds the conspicuously small pectinate claw (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. acutistylus are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.3 – 1.6 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds body length. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, lateral sensillum obliquely aligned, medial sensillum longitudinally aligned, both variously bent (Figs 67 – 68). Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 9 – 12. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing as long as body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.4 times as long as T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 69). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; anterior edge distinct, straight; setae confined to posterior portions. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination shaped like a widely open U, membranous basally; ventroanterior edge convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus twice as long as broad; basolateral apophysis normal size, little angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Aedeagal apodeme thick, parallel-sided; solid basal portion long. Tegmen gently tapered towards apex, on basal two thirds sharply contoured; apex membranous, broadly rounded; flaps large, vaguely contoured; parameral apodemes long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E11FF57FA1B981CFC99.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the pointed gonostylus characteristic of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E11FF57FA1B981CFC99.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Högsby, Allgunnen Nature Reserve, 3 km N Uddevallshyltan, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 19 June 2014, sweepnet and aspirator, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3027 in NHRS). Paratype. 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, mixed forest of conifers and aspen trees, 17 July – 21 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3028 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA36E11FF57FA1B981CFC99.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia acutistylus is known from two specimens collected as singletons in two different, mixed forests in Småland. The collection data suggest the adult flight period is June – August.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA26E13FF57FCDB9C40FEE9.taxon	description	Figs 70 – 73	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA26E13FF57FCDB9C40FEE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized to large, dark-brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalic structures (Fig. 70). A peculiarity of W. arctostylus is that the gonostylus is conspicuously thick basally, in a way that the portion next to the basolateral apophysis is more strongly convex than in other Winnertzia (↓ 4); the apophysis itself is unusually small, albeit strongly sclerotized. The gonocoxal synsclerite has an extensive non-setose portion ventroanteriorly; the ventral emargination is broadly V-shaped (↓ 5) and accompanied by a small membranous area basally; the medial bridges are bulging; and the dorsal apodemes are long and thin. The aedeagal apodeme is gently broadened towards the apex, with the broadest portion usually situated subapically (↓ 6). The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broad and sinuous. Females and preimaginal stages of this new species are unknown. See W. fusca and W. nigripennis for two generally similar species. Other male characters. Body size 2.2 – 2.6 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna almost two thirds body length. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 11. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 – 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla obliquely aligned, filiform, mostly variously U-shaped (Figs 72 – 73). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 20. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing as long as body, 2.7 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, gently bent just as CuA, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Tarsi brighter than more proximal segments. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 equally long. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia two thirds as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 70). Ninth tergite three fourths as long as gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; anterior edge straight, distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; lateral edges slightly concave; ventroanterior edge distinct, almost straight; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at about same level. Gonostylus about 2.5 times as long as broad, usually oriented slightly dorsad and thus appearing shorter in ventral view, parallel-sided; pectinate claw small, below the claw a slight convexity, which is more obvious in non-inclined gonostyli (Fig. 71). Aedeagal bulge with widely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen slightly tapered towards broadly rounded apex, sharply contoured; flaps large, faintly contoured; parameral apodemes large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA26E13FF57FCDB9C40FEE9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the thick gonostyli typical of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA26E13FF57FCDB9C40FEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Färjestaden, backyard with grove of young birch trees, 10 June – 10 July 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 2995 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 2996 – CEC 2997 in NHRS); 2 males, same data but 11 July – 18 August 2015 (spns CEC 2998 – CEC 2999 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Vickleby ädellövskog NR, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 15 July – 17 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3000 in SDEI); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth thin aspen forest, 17 June – 18 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3001 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA26E13FF57FCDB9C40FEE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. All our specimens were collected in summer 2015 at three different sites in southern Sweden (Småland, Öland). The same areas were sampled also in other years without obtaining more specimens.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E13FF57FE0B99A1F9DD.taxon	description	Figs 74 – 76	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E13FF57FE0B99A1F9DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalic structures, as follows (Fig. 76). The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broadly rounded (holotype) to blunt (paratype), with a pair of microtrichose, sparsely setose lobes inside (↓ 1). The gonostylus, whose maximum thickness is on the distal half, is markedly convex medially (↓ 2); the apical claw is small (↓ 3); and the basolateral apophysis is only little angulated. Females and preimaginal stages of W. egregia are unknown. Species with superficially similar gonostyli are W. brevipalpata, W. smalandensis (both solidaginis group), and W. regia (tridens group). Other male characters. Body size 1.7 – 2.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds body length. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, the two apical flagellomeres almost merged with each other; translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere: neck half as long as node; node twice as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, lateral sensillum obliquely aligned, medial sensillum longitudinally aligned, both variously bent (Figs 74 – 75). Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 13 – 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.5 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 same length. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia almost as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 76). Anterior boundary of ninth tergite vague; setae confined to lateroposterior portions. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; ventral emargination resembling a widely open U, with large unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge strongly convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus twice as long as broad. Aedeagal bulge with widely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided, vaguely contoured basally. Tegmen subtriangular with membranous, narrowly rounded apex, on basal two thirds sharply contoured; flaps large, sharply contoured; parameral apodemes long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E13FF57FE0B99A1F9DD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective for extraordinary.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E13FF57FE0B99A1F9DD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Horns kungsgård Nature Reserve, forest mixed of softwoods (alder, birch, willow) at lakeside, 21 July – 22 August 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3018 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, Sweden, Uppland, Älvkarleby, Båtfors, dry pine forest, 29 July – 12 August 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 7, collection event 3058) (spn CEC 3019 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E13FF57FE0B99A1F9DD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The two males known of W. egregia come from different types of forest in the southern half of Sweden (Öland, Uppland). Both specimens were collected at the height of summer.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E15FF57F91F9E15FBD5.taxon	description	Figs 77 – 79	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E15FF57F91F9E15FBD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, distinguished from other species of the solidaginis group by male genitalic characters, as follows (Fig. 77). The massive gonostylus is markedly broadened apically (↓ 4); the apical claw is of moderate size; and the basolateral apophysis is small and only little angulated. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventroanterior edge is evenly, broadly rounded (↓ 5), the dorsoposterior portions protrude considerably beyond the ventroposterior portions (↓ 6), and the dorsal apodemes are long and thin. The ninth tergite is narrowed towards the posterior edge, which has a narrow, fairly deep notch medially (↓ 7). The aedeagal apodeme, which is parallel-sided for most of its length, has a weakly sclerotized, constricted apex. Females and preimaginal stages of W. fraxinophila are unknown. See W. bulbifera agg. for other species with inflated gonostylar apex. According to Mamaev’s (1963: fig. 3.6) original description and Spungis’s (1992: fig. 60) re-illustration, W. equestris resembles W. fraxinophila, but differs in at least the following characters: the gonostylus is nearly parallel-sided, the gonocoxal synsclerite lacks dorsoposterior protrusions, and the ninth tergite is more shallowly notched medially. Other male characters. Body size 1.9 – 2.1 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna almost two thirds body length. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 11. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.9 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, occasionally two-branched, lateral sensillum obliquely aligned, either variously bent or U-shaped (Fig. 78), medial sensillum longitudinally aligned, varying in length (Fig. 79). Palpus as long as head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 10 – 14. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 0.9 length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 77). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; posterior edge usually with darkly pigmented margin around notch; anterior edge straight, indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination resembling a widely open U, with large unsclerotized portion basally. Gonostylus elongate, almost straight; pectinate claw with slight furrow along base. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme moderately long. Tegmen subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex, sharply contoured; flaps large, faintly contoured; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E15FF57F91F9E15FBD5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name means ash-loving, which refers to the habitat of the specimens available for our study.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E15FF57F91F9E15FBD5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest with abundant dead ash trees, 15 July – 17 August 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3029 in NHRS). Paratypes. 6 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3030 – CEC 3035 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest with abundant dead ash trees, 9 July – 8 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3040 in SDEI); 3 males, same data but 9 August – 3 October 2015 (spns CEC 3036 – CEC 3038 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 22 July – 23 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3039 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA06E15FF57F91F9E15FBD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. All the specimens known of W. fraxinophila were collected in summer 2015 on Öland, in forests heavily affected by the ash dieback disease.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA66E17FF57FB179973FD27.taxon	description	Figs 80 – 82 This species was referred to in our 2013 treatise on Winnertzia as species D (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 100 f., fig. 44 B, showing a specimen different from the holotype designated here).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA66E17FF57FB179973FD27.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, light-brown Winnertzia, distinguished from other species of the solidaginis group by the U-shaped gonocoxal emargination whose base is sclerotized (Fig. 82, ↓ 1). Other genitalic structures of diagnostic merit are the gonocoxal dorsal apodemes, which are fairly short and far apart from each other (↓ 2); the ninth tergite, whose posterior edge is broad and sinuous; the aedeagal apodeme, whose apex is, invariably, brightened (which is hard to illustrate); and the subtriangular tegmen, which has a membranous, faintly contoured apex, almost invisible flaps, and small parameral apodemes (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. hemisphaerica are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.8 – 2.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both brighter than flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 11. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 2.1 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla fairly small, mostly obliquely aligned, filiform, straight to variously U-shaped (Figs 80 – 81). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all, about as long as two preceding segments together. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia little enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 equally long. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 82). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; posterior edge with darkly pigmented margin around the indentation; anterior edge straight, distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; lateral edges usually slightly concave subbasally; ventral setae fairly short; ventroanterior edge distinct, straight; medial bridges bulging; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at about same level. Gonostylus twice as long as broad, parallel-sided, almost straight; pectinate claw moderately large, with furrow along its base; basolateral apophysis fairly large, angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Aedeagal apodeme parallel-sided; solid basal portion short. Tegmen on basal two thirds sharply contoured.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA66E17FF57FB179973FD27.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin hemisphaerica means hemispherical, an attribute describing the outline of the gonocoxal emargination.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA66E17FF57FB179973FD27.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng Nature Reserve, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3007 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3008 – CEC 3009 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 22 July – 23 August 2015 (spn CEC 3010 in NHRS); 4 males, Öland, Borgholm, Lindreservat Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3011 – CEC 3014 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 22 July – 23 August 2015 (spn CEC 3015 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 3 males, Skåne, Malmö, Limhamns kalkbrott, 26 June – 8 July 2009, MT, B. W. Svensson et al. (spns GULI 000021395 – GULI 000021396 and SE 1637 in NHRS); 4 males, same data but 8 – 26 July 2009 (spns SE 1638 – SE 1641 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 27 July – 16 August 2009 (spn CEC 3016 in NHRS); 2 males, same data but 17 – 30 August 2009 (spns SE 1642 – SE 1643 in NHRS); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth thin aspen forest, 17 July – 21 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3017 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA66E17FF57FB179973FD27.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. All the specimens known of this species, altogether 20 males, were collected in June – August in the southernmost provinces of Sweden (Skåne, Småland, Öland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA46E17FF57FD479CC5F8C1.taxon	description	Fig. 83	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA46E17FF57FD479CC5F8C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia, distinguished by the male ninth tergite whose posterior edge has an unusually deep, V-shaped indentation (Fig. 83, ↓ 4). Females and preimaginal stages of W. incisa are unknown. Another species of the solidaginis group with deeply incised ninth tergite is W. quercinophila, which differs from W. incisa in the outline of the incision and, even more clearly, in other genitalic structures (Fig. 91). Other male characters. Body size 2.2 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, all with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere (not pictured due to adverse position in the slide-mount): neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both the lateral and medial translucent sensilla filiform, U-shaped. Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae> 30. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell not reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA gently bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 equally long. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia claw-long. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with both setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 83). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; setae confined to posterolateral portions; anterior edge straight, distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; a short portion ventrobasally asetose; ventral emargination broadly V-shaped, accompanied basally by extensive unsclerotized area; ventroanterior edge indistinct, convex; dorsoposterior portions projecting beyond ventroposterior portions; dorsal apodemes long. Gonostylus about twice as long as broad, nearly parallel-sided, slightly bent; pectinate claw small; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme for the most part parallel-sided, slightly constricted apically; solid basal portion fairly long. Aedeagal bulge with widely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen slightly tapered towards blunt-ended apex, largely membranous, albeit sharply contoured; flaps narrow, faintly contoured, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA46E17FF57FD479CC5F8C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin incisa means incised, referring to the outline of the male ninth tergite.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA46E17FF57FD479CC5F8C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng Nature Reserve, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 2940 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFA46E17FF57FD479CC5F8C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The holotype, whose collection data are specified above, is the only specimen known of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBB6E09FF57FF2B994EFB9D.taxon	description	Fig. 84	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBB6E09FF57FF2B994EFB9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown species with setose anepimeron and male genitalic structures that in several respects are unique among Winnertzia (Fig. 84). The ventral emargination of the gonocoxal synsclerite is flanked by a pair of big, circular protuberances (↓ 1), the aedeagal apodeme is strongly inflated above the solid basal portion (↓ 2), and the ninth tergite, whose posterior edge is markedly indented, has a pair of lobes with dense, short setae inside (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. lobata are unknown. See W. panguana, a new species described below from Peru, whose aedeagal apodeme is inflated in a similar fashion. Other male characters. Body size 2.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna slightly longer than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, the two apical flagellomeres almost merged with each other; translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 9. Fourth flagellomere (not pictured due to adverse position in the slide-mount): neck 0.6 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla filiform, obliquely aligned, variously bent. Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 20. Anepimeral setae 12. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia slightly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing as long as body, 2.2 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended s cales. Basitarsal spines absent. Tarsi of fore legs missing. Acropods: claws slightly bent, untoothed; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 84). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; entirely, densely setose; anterior edge vague. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination U-shaped, accompanied by small unsclerotized area basally, laterobasal edges with broad, sclerotized margins; ventroanterior edge reinforced by sclerotization, with subtriangular process medially; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus almost 3 times as long as broad, thickest on apical half; pectinate claw large, with furrow along its base; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Aedeagal apodeme as long as gonocoxae, with sclerotized broadening apically. Tegmen membranous except for parameral apodemes and apex; apex broadly rounded, reinforced; flaps not visible; parameral apodemes strongly sclerotized, long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBB6E09FF57FF2B994EFB9D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective for lobate.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBB6E09FF57FF2B994EFB9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Alsterbro, backyard with diverse flora including woody plants, 27 May – 19 June 2016, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof & S. - O. Ulefors (spn CEC 3020 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBB6E09FF57FF2B994EFB9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. This apparently rare species is known from a single specimen caught in spring in a backyard in Sweden’s province Småland. Winnertzia lobata is one out of three new Winnertzia found at that particular site, the other being W. smalandensis and a species left unnamed here.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	description	Figs 85 – 89	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As discussed under W. bulbifera, W. ombergensis belongs to a group of species with long, inflated gonostyli and markedly bulging medial gonocoxal bridges (the bulbifera subgroup of the solidaginis group). This large, brown Winnertzia is distinguished from generally similar species as follows. The swollen portion of the gonostylus is situated subapically, followed by a short tapered portion (Fig. 86, ↓ 4); the broad pectinate claw occupies the full width of the gonostylar apex (↓ 5). The ninth tergite is unique in that its posterior portion consists of two slightly protruding, setose lobes laterally, which are interlinked by a narrow, unsclerotized portion medially (Fig. 85, ↓ 6). The gonocoxal synsclerite, which is markedly longer than that found in W. bulbifera agg., is strongly narrowed towards the base. Females and preimaginal stages of W. ombergensis are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 4 – 5 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds body length. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, all with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla obliquely aligned, filiform to slightly broadened, mostly variously U-shaped (Figs 88 – 89). Palpus as long as head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment slightly longer than third. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 20 – 25. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia strongly enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing as long as body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, gently bent just as CuA, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 0.9 times length T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia claw-long. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 87). Ninth tergite two thirds gonopodal length; anterior edge straight, distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; a large portion ventrobasally asetose; ventral emargination shaped like a widely open U, accompanied basally by extensive unsclerotized area; ventroanterior edge indistinct, convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long. Gonostylus 2.5 times as long as broad, markedly convex posteriorly, very slightly convex medially; basolateral apophysis small, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme gently broadened towards apex, then suddenly constricted; solid basal portion short. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Tegmen elongatesubtriangular, largely membranous, vaguely contoured except for basal half; flaps large, faintly contoured, without microtrichia; parameral apodemes large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Omberg, from which the specific name is derived, is a horst mountain in Östergötland, where the type specimens were collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Storpissan Nature Reserve, oldgrowth forest of Norway spruce, 6 June 2010, aspirator, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn GULI 000021265 in NHRS). Paratype. 1 male, same data as the holotype (spn GULI 000021265 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	discussion	Remark. Both specimens were referred to in our 2013 treatise on Winnertzia under W. nigripennis (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 92), a misidentification that is herewith corrected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBA6E0AFF57FBDF9CC5FDED.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The types, whose collection data are specified above, are the only specimens known of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB96E0AFF57FD0F9CC5F819.taxon	description	Figs 90 – 92	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB96E0AFF57FD0F9CC5F819.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae and short, broad wings. Male genitalic structures are specific to this species, as follows (Fig. 90). The gonocoxal synsclerite has an unusually deep, V-shaped emargination ventrally (↓ 1), the aedeagal apodeme is strongly inflated above the solid basal portion (↓ 2), and the gonostylus, which is elongate and parallel-sided, is peculiar for having the edge below the pectinate claw angular rather than rounded (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. panguana are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.1 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna shorter than half body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres; translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere (not pictured due to adverse position in the slide-mount): neck 0.5 times as long as node; node 1.4 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla filiform, longitudinally aligned, irregularly bent. Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 40. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing markedly shorter than body, twice as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs. Scales pointed. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tarsus 1.4 times as long as T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 90). Ninth tergite about half gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; anterior edge vague; posterior edge narrow, shallowly indented medially. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long, strongly narrowed basally; densely setose ventrally except for non-setose basal portion; ventroanterior edge straight; medial bridges bulging; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes moderately long. Gonostylus 2.5 times as long as broad, slightly bent; pectinate claw large; basolateral apophysis normal size, slightly angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes, its anterior edge well-marked as transverse line. Apex of aedeagal apodeme slightly broadened, thin-walled; solid basal portion short. Tegmen tapered towards rounded apex; flaps turned outwards, with fine microtrichia along edges; parameral apodemes large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB96E0AFF57FD0F9CC5F819.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to Panguana, the provenance of the holotype specimen. Panguana is Peru’s oldest biological field station and, since 2011, a private protected area, which preserves a sizeable piece of pristine lowland rainforest in the upper Amazon basin, about 140 km from the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB96E0AFF57FD0F9CC5F819.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Peru, Huánuco Region, Huánuco Department, Puerto Inca Province, Yuyapichis District, Area de Conservacion Privada Panguana, 260 m elevation, primary rainforest, June – September 2010, Malaise trap, E. Diller (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB96E0AFF57FD0F9CC5F819.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The holotype, whose collection data are specified above, is the only specimen known of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB86E0CFF57F9249C8BFCD1.taxon	description	Figs 91 – 93	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB86E0CFF57F9249C8BFCD1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalic structures, as follows (Fig. 91). The posterior edge of the ninth tergite is unusually deeply indented medially, the indentation being narrowly U-shaped (↓ 4); the gonostylus is conspicuously strongly convex posteriorly (↓ 5); and the aedeagal apodeme has a sclerotized, pointed broadening apically (↓ 6). Other male characters. Body size 2.5 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna half as long as body. Scape larger than pedicel, both brighter than flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 10. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.6 times as long as node; node 1.8 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, both lateral and medial sensillum obliquely aligned, variously U-shaped (Figs 92 – 93). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae about 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia little enlarged. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Second to fifth tarsomeres and acropods missing. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 91). Ninth tergite three fourth gonopodal length; setae confined to lateroposterior portions; indentation with broadly pigmented margin; posterolateral lobes densely microtrichose and sparsely setose inside. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination U-shaped, sharply contoured basally; ventroanterior edge broadly rounded, with narrow, sclerotized margin; medial bridges slightly bulging; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes moderately long. Gonostylus slightly bent; pectinate claw large; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme moderately long. Tegmen gently tapered towards blunt-ended apex, sharply contoured; flaps large, sharply contoured; parameral apodemes normal size.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB86E0CFF57F9249C8BFCD1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name means oak-loving, with reference to the habitat at the type locality.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB86E0CFF57F9249C8BFCD1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Halland, Laholm, Blåalt Nature Reserve, forest predominated by oak trees, 12 June – 8 July 2019, Malaise trap, M. Lindström (spn CEC 3026 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB86E0CFF57F9249C8BFCD1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Winnertzia quercinophila is known from a single specimen, of which the collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBF6E0DFF57FC139C0BFE05.taxon	description	Figs 94 – 96	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBF6E0DFF57FC139C0BFE05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small, light-brown Winnertzia, distinguished by several male genitalic characters in combination, as follows (Fig. 96). The gonostylus, which is thickest on the apical half, has a long, narrow claw apically (↓ 1); the tegmen is peculiar for that the lateral edges are in parallel to each other basally (↓ 2); the ninth tergite has a fairly narrow, medially indented posterior edge, slightly angular posterior corners (↓ 3), and a pair of small, microtrichose, sparsely setose lobes inside; and the aedeagal apodeme is parallel-sided except for a slight constriction apically. Females and preimaginal stages of W. smalandensis are unknown. See W. brevipalpata and W. egregia for two superficially similar species. Other male characters. Body size 1.3 – 1.4 mm. Head. Eye bridge 1 – 2 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna three fourth as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, translucent sensilla on flagellomeres 1 – 9. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 – 0.9 times as long as node; node twice as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, occasionally furcate, lateral sensillum obliquely aligned, shaped like a widely open U (Fig. 94), medial sensillum longitudinally aligned, variously bent (Fig. 95). Palpus shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; fourth segment longest of all. Labella of normal size. Thorax. Pronotal setae 6 – 8. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing shorter than body, 2.6 times as long as broad. Costal cell slightly reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA moderately bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 same length. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia half as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane with setae and scales. Genitalia (Fig. 96). Anterior edge of ninth tergite vague; setae confined to lateroposterior portions. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination resembling a widely open U, with large unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge straight; medial bridges slightly bulging; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus about twice as long as broad; basolateral apophysis normal size, angulated. Aedeagal bulge with closely spaced rows of tiny spikes. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme long. Tegmen with membranous, narrowly rounded apex, sharply contoured medially; flaps large, vaguely contoured; parameral apodemes long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBF6E0DFF57FC139C0BFE05.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from Småland, the province in Sweden where all the specimens known of this species were collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBF6E0DFF57FC139C0BFE05.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Alsterbro, backyard with diverse flora including woody plants, 15 July – 19 August 2016, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof & S. - O. Ulefors (spn CEC 3021 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3022 – CEC 3023 in NHRS); 2 males, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, swampy forest edge with young birch and willow trees, 17 June – 16 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3024 – CEC 3025 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBF6E0DFF57FC139C0BFE05.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Specimens of W. smalandensis were collected in summer in different habitats in southern Sweden.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0EFF57FF2B99A1FA6A.taxon	description	Figs 97 – 99	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0EFF57FF2B99A1FA6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. With a male body size of 1.3 mm, this light-brown species is one of the smallest Winnertzia known to us. In males (females and preimaginal stages are unknown) the eye bridge is 0 – 1 ommatidium long dorsally; the short palpus has usually 3, rarely 4 setose segments of varying shape; the wing is conspicuously narrow (length / width ratio 2.6), with the membrane lacking setae on the proximal half; and the empodia are vestigial. Genitalic characters of diagnostic merit are as follows (Fig. 97). The gonostylus, which is appreciably broader distally than basally, has a conspicuously small claw apically (↓ 4); the apex of the aedeagal apodeme is constricted (↓ 5); the ventral portions of the gonocoxal synsclerite are sparsely setose on the posterior two thirds and devoid of setae on the anterior third; and the short ninth tergite has a sinuous posterior edge (↓ 6). Other male characters. Head. Antenna two thirds as long as body. Scape and pedicel same size, both concolorous with flagellum. 11 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 7 (– 8) with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 – 0.9 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs fairly sparse; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla small, varying in shape (Figs 98 – 99). Labella fully developed, albeit small. Thorax. Pronotal setae 0 – 3. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing as long as body. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, almost straight, CuA gently bent apically, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with pointed scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.6 – 1.7 times as long as T 2. Claws slightly bent, basal tooth large. Abdomen. Pleural membrane devoid of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 97). Ninth tergite slightly longer than half gonopodal length; setae confined to posterior portion; anterior edge straight, distinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; markedly narrowed basally; ventral emargination V-shaped, accompanied by extensive unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge distinct, convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus about twice as long as broad, straight; basolateral apophysis fairly large, slightly angulated. Aedeagal apodeme for most of its length parallel-sided; solid basal portion moderately long. Microtrichia on aedeagal bulge barely visible. Tegmen slightly tapered towards broadly rounded apex, sharply contoured; flaps large, distinct; parameral apodemes moderately large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0EFF57FF2B99A1FA6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Rickard Sundin Jooste, based in Huddinge, Sweden. Herewith we honor Dr Sundins’s outstanding contribution to biodiversity research in his capacity as the former Research Officer of the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative. See also the dedication at the end of this paper.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0EFF57FF2B99A1FA6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön Nature Reserve, old-growth, thin forest of aspen trees, 27 June – 2 July 2005, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 1000, collection event 1322) (spn CEC 3002 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 3 males, Södermanland, Huddinge, Sofielund Recycling Center, pine grove at edge of garbage dump, 10 – 16 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 5, collection event 767) (spns CEC 3003 – CEC 3004 in NHRS, spn CEC 3005 in SDEI); 1 male, Uppland, Ekdalen NR, sparse woodland of oak, 13 – 27 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 1702) (spn CEC 3006 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0EFF57FF2B99A1FA6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. All the five specimens known of this species were collected in summer (June – August) in different woodlands in the southern half of Sweden (Småland, Södermanland, Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBD6E0FFF57F98B9F42FE05.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The tridens group may be regarded as the counterpart of the solidaginis group insofar as it comprises species whose morphology does not qualify for classification in other subdivisions of Winnertzia and in which the aedeagal bulge is covered with small, randomly distributed knobs rather than lines of tiny spikes. The knobs have dark, apparently sclerotized apices that usually end in a microtrichium. In most of the species classified in this group the apex of the aedeagal apodeme has a pair of recurved processes, which gives a structure reminiscent of an arrowhead or inverted anchor, and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is broadly rounded with a pair of subtriangular, microtrichose lobes inside. Species characterized in such a way form a subset referred to here as the W. tridens complex, which we assume is a monophyletic subgroup. Species included. The tridens group contains the following species in Sweden (members of the W. tridens complex are marked with an asterisk): W. bicolor sp. nov., * W. feralis Mamaev (revived here from synonymy with W. tridens, see below), * W. hamatula sp. nov., W. inornata sp. nov., W. lapponica sp. nov., * W. longicoxa sp. nov., W. pratensis sp. nov., * W. pustulata Spungis, * W. pustulatula sp. nov., W. regia Mamaev, and W. silvestris sp. nov. Other Winnertzia belonging here are W. cumulata Mamaev, W. divergens Mamaev, W. kushkensis Mamaev, W. pravdini Mamaeva & Mamaev (whose presence in Sweden as reported by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) is unsubstantiated, see below), * W. reducta Mamaev, W. rubricola Mamaev, and * W. semideserta Mamaev. We know of four other, apparently unnamed species of the tridens group in Sweden, which are briefly discussed under what we suppose are their closest relatives.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBC6E00FF57FE679E99FD95.taxon	description	Figs 100 – 102	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBC6E00FF57FE679E99FD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Winnertzia feralis differs from W. tridens, a generally similar species, in the translucent antennal sensilla, which are simply filiform (Figs 100 – 101) rather than branched and absent on the twelfth flagellomere rather than being present on all flagellomeres; and in the empodia, which are as long as the claws (Fig. 102), not appreciably shorter. Winnertzia hamatula and W. longicoxa, two species of the W. tridens complex described here as new, differ from W. feralis in genitalic characters (see there) and in possessing vestigial empodia.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBC6E00FF57FE679E99FD95.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All the 109 males of W. feralis we studied come from the southern half of Sweden, the northernmost distribution being Uppland.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFBC6E00FF57FE679E99FD95.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens of W. feralis listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) under the following numbers (as W. tridens): SE 1665, SE 1668, SE 1671 – SE 1673, SE 1675 – SE 1690, SE 1694, SE 1712, SE 1783 – SE 1784, SE 1800 – SE 1802, SE 1812 – SE 1815, SE 1817, SE 1819 – SE 1821, SE 1823 – SE 1824, SE 1826 – SE 1827, SE 1830, SE 1932, SE 1834 – SE 1836, SE 1838 – SE 1846, SE 1848, SE 1852 – SE 1856, SE 18558, SE 1890, and SE 1992 (all in NHRS); further specimens as follows. Sweden: 5 males, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud NP, mixed broadleaf forest, 26 May – 28 June 2010, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3129 – CEC 3133); 1 male, Blekinge, Ronneby, Tromtö nabb, mixed broadleaf forest, 7 – 21 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 23, collection event 433) (spn CEC 3134); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Böda, Böda prästgård NR, alder forest, 4 July 2014, sweepnet, MCJ (spn CEC 3153); 1 male, Borgholm, Lindreservat NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 7 May – 10 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3144); 8 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 8 June – 8 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3135 – CEC 3142); 1 male, same data but 9 July – 8 August 2015 (spn CEC 3154); 1 male, same data but 9 August – 3 October 2015 (spn CEC 3143); 6 males, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 10 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3145 – CEC 3150); 1 male, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest, 15 July – 17 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3151); 1 male, same data but 3 June – 4 July 2016 (spn CEC 3152); 1 male, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Storpissan NR, old-growth spruce forest, 8 June – 26 July 2010, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3155); 1 male, Södermanland, Huddinge, Sofielund Recycling Center, pine forest near garbage dump, 10 – 16 August 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 5, collection event 767) (spn CEC 3156); 1 male, Södermanland, Tyresö, Åva, Spirudden, coastal oak forest, 17 June – 2 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 1, collection event 79) (spn CEC 3157); 2 males, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta, alder swamp forest, 25 June – 27 August 2009, MT, MCJ (spns SE 1902 and SE 1929); 7 males, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 18 June – 4 July 2003, MT, SMTP (trap 8, collection event 389) (spns CEC 3160 – CEC 3166); 2 males, same data but 15 – 28 June 2004 (collection event 1557) (spns CEC 3170 – CEC 3171); 2 males, same data but 28 June – 13 July 2004 (collection event 1558) (spns CEC 3158 – CEC 3159); 3 males, same data but 20 June – 18 July 2005 (collection event 1602) (spns CEC 3167 – CEC 3169) (all in SDEI). Species D: spns GULI 000021622 – GULI 000021626, GULI 000021629 – GULI 000021630, GULI 000021632 – GULI 000021660, GULI 000026463 – GULI 000026475, GULI 000026483 – GULI 000026489, GULI 000026527, GULI 000026537, and GULI 000026547 (all in NHRS), spns CEC 3335 – CEC 3358 (all in SDEI). Species E: spns GULI 000021556 – GULI 000021567, GULI 000021611 – GULI 000021620, GULI 000021627, GULI 000021661 – GULI 000021663, GULI 000021665 – GULI 000021676, GULI 000026481 – GULI 000026482, GULI 000026508, GULI 000026512, and GULI 000026519 (all in NHRS), spns CEC 3359 – CEC 3363 (all in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB36E01FF57FA36983FFF5A.taxon	discussion	This species was originally described from the Russian part of the Caucasus Mountains, where larvae were found living in decaying bulbs of autumn crocus Colchicum speciosum Steven (Mamaeva & Mamaev 1971). It was subsequently reported from Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, and South Korea (Spungis 1992; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013; Ham et al. 2020). For the present revision we studied 17 males from Sweden (as opposed to only three in 2013), which we initially assumed were W. pravdini but on closer examination turned out to represent two distinct morphotypes. The distinctions discovered are numerous and clear, and concern non-genitalic as well as genitalic structures, which we take as evidence that they denote two discrete species. As indicated by the collection data, both species differ also in their habitat preference and adult phenology (information on larvae is unavailable). Much to our surprise we found that neither of our species is identical with W. pravdini, on the presumption that the morphological information communicated in the original description (Mamaeva & Mamaev 1971) is correct. On that assumption, W. pravdini is distinguished by the following combination of male characters: the necks of the flagellomeres are markedly longer than the nodes; the third and fourth palpal segments are equally long; the empodia have a large tooth basally; the gonostylus is broadest on the distal half and then strongly tapered towards the apex; and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is only slightly concave medially (Mamaeva & Mamaev 1971: fig. 2). While our results leave W. pravdini without a valid record in Sweden, the two new species close to it are described below as W. pratensis and W. silvestris. In view of future studies into the taxonomy of Winnertzia, it should be mentioned here that we know of another pravdini - like species that occurs in the cloud forest of Costa Rica (unpublished data).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FE9B9DB2FC0D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, dark-brown Winnertzia with long antennae and broad wings. This species, a member of the W. tridens complex already recognized by Spungis (1992), is distinguished by male genitalic characters (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 45 B). The best indicator is the long gonostylus whose apex is appreciably inflated and, beyond the inflation, extended into a short, downward-sloping process that bears the pectinate claw. The gonocoxae are conspicuously broad posteriorly due to the medial bridges that are strongly bulging towards the aedeagus. We know of two species in Sweden closely resembling W. pustulata. One is described below as W. pustulatula; the other is left unnamed for the time being. Characters useful for identifying these three species are explained under W. pustulatula.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FE9B9DB2FC0D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. The eight Swedish specimens known of W. pustulata come from the central and northern parts of the country (Dalarna to Lule Lappmark).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FE9B9DB2FC0D.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Sorsele, Bissitjbäcken, 6 km N Ammarnäs, swampy boreal forest, 23 June – 22 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1847 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 26 June – 22 July 2016 (spn CEC 1846 in SDEI); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Kaltisbäcken NR, old-growth herb-rich boreal forest, 12 July 2016, sweepnet, MCJ (spn CEC 1845 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FC6F9F02F915.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with long antennae, long wings, and setose anepimeron. Male genitalic characters specific to this species are as follows (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 46 A). Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is perfectly U-shaped and sclerotized basally, and the ventrobasal portion, which is considerably extended medially, is devoid of setae. The gonostylus, which is small in relation to the gonocoxa, is twice as long as broad, somewhat convex medially, and equipped with a long, narrow pectinate claw. The ninth tergite has a wide, shallow indentation posteriorly, which is flanked by a pair of densely microtrichose inner lobes. The aedeagal apodeme is usually slightly broadened beyond the solid basal portion, the latter being long and mostly poorly sclerotized. The knobs on the aedeagal bulge, which are few in number and far apart from each other, are in most of our specimens barely visible.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FC6F9F02F915.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All our specimens, 10 in total, come from the southern half of the country (Öland and Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E01FF57FC6F9F02F915.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimen listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) and as follows. Sweden: 2 males, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, mixed coniferous / broadleaf forest, 11 May – 10 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1913 in NHRS, spn CEC 1912 in SDEI); 2 males, Öland Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest, 1 – 27 May 2014, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 1911 in NHRS, spn CEC 1910 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 30 April – 8 June 2015 (spn CEC 3071 in SDEI); 4 males, Uppland, Älvkarleby, Marma skjutfält, dry grassland with birch trees, 9 December 2003 – 14 April 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 6, collection event 376) (spns CEC 3068 – CEC 3069 in NHRS, spns CEC 3067 and CEC 3070 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E02FF57F95798D8FAD2.taxon	description	Figs 103 – 105	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E02FF57F95798D8FAD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of W. tridens are medium size, brown, and have 12 long-necked flagellomeres, which are properties pertaining to closely related species also. A peculiarity is that the translucent antennal sensilla of W. tridens are irregularly branched in varied ways, the branches being unusually long and occasionally cross-linked (Figs 104 – 105). These sensilla are present on all flagellomeres, including the apical one, which is unusual among Winnertzia. The genitalia of W. tridens, which were repeatedly depicted in the literature (Panelius 1965: fig. 33 c; Spungis 1992: fig. 48; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 47 A), are so similar to that of W. feralis that both species are virtually indistinguishable in this respect ― an exceptional situation in mycophagous Cecidomyiidae. The empodia of W. tridens are maximally one third as long as the claws (Fig. 103), which is another distinction vis-á-vis W. feralis in which empodia and claws are equally long.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E02FF57F95798D8FAD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution in Sweden. All our specimens, a total of 118 males, come from the southern half of Sweden (Skåne to Uppland). In that, the distribution of W. tridens matches that of W. feralis, and both species were found co-occurring at the same sites.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB26E02FF57F95798D8FAD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. Specimens listed by Jaschhof & Jaschhof (2013) under the following numbers: SE 1663, SE 1669 – SE 1670, SE 1674, SE 1692 – 1693, SE 1715, SE 1742, SE 1748, SE 1761 – SE 1762, SE 1765 – SE 1768, SE 1778 – SE 1780, SE 1786, SE 1789, SE 1802 – SE 1811, SE 1828, SE 1833, SE 1851, SE 1859 – SE 1872, SE 1874 – SE 1876, SE 1878 – SE 1879, SE 1883 – SE 1885, SE 1887 – SE 1889, SE 1891, SE 1893 – SE 1900, SE 1903 – SE 1907, SE 1909 – SE 1914, SE 1917 – SE 1927, SE 1931 – SE 1941 (all in NHRS), SE 1781, SE 1877, SE 1880 – SE 1882, SE 1886, SE 1908, and SE 1928 (all in SDEI); further specimens as follows. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, dry pine forest, 11 June – 21 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3120); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 10 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3118 – CEC 3119); 1 male, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Storpissan NR, 8 June – 26 July 2010, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3121); 3 males, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 18 June – 4 July 2003, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 8, collection event 389) (spns CEC 3126 – CEC 3128); 1 male, same data but 15 – 28 June 2004 (collection event 1557) (spn CEC 3122); 2 males, same data but 28 June – 13 July 2004 (collection event 1558) (spns CEC 3123 and CEC 3125) (all in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB16E04FF57FA119E27FC62.taxon	description	A sample of ten males referred to in our earlier revision of Swedish Winnertzia as W. aff. divergens (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 107) upon reexamination turned out to comprise two different species. One of these is described here as W. bicolor; the other, which is left unnamed because our material is not sufficient for formal description, differs from W. bicolor in that conspicuous color contrasts are lacking, the flagellomeral necks are shorter, and in genitalic characters.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB16E04FF57FA119E27FC62.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized to large, predominantly brown Winnertzia, whose males (females and preimaginal stages are unknown) have a bright yellow scutellum and bicolored flagellomeres with brownish nodes and yellowish necks. Genitalic characters diagnostic of this species are as follows (Fig. 108). The gonostylus is straight (↓ 1), 2.5 times as long as broad, and equipped with a fairly broad pectinate claw. Of the tegmen, the lateral edges are faintly contoured and thus difficult to discern; the broadly rounded apex is strengthened (↓ 2); and the fairly large flaps have reinforced margins. The aedeagal apodeme, which is long and thick, has a slightly broadened apex and a long solid base. The dorsal apodemes of the gonocoxae, which are connected by a straight to slightly concave bridge, are moderately long (↓ 3). The ninth tergite, whose length equals that of the gonocoxae, has the posterior edge fairly narrow and shallowly indented (↓ 4). Other male characters. Body size 2.1 – 2.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds as long as body. Scape larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellomeral nodes. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 10 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.8 – 0.9 times as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla slightly broadened, transversely or obliquely aligned, variously bent or U-shaped (Figs 106 – 107). Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setaebearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 23 – 35. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area as bright as scutellum. Wing as long as body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. M 4 long, slightly bent apically, CuA strongly bent, both veins extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 equally long. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia nearly as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 108). Ninth tergite: setae confined to posterior two thirds; anterior edge straight, indistinct. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long; little narrowed towards base; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped, accompanied by extensive unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge membranous, convex; ventro- and dorsoposterior portions ending at same level; lateral edges slightly concave. Basolateral apophysis of gonostylus small, angulated. Parameral apodemes large.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB16E04FF57FA119E27FC62.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is the Latin adjective for bicolored, referring to the yellow and brown hues typical of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB16E04FF57FA119E27FC62.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 15 – 28 June 2004, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 8, collection event 1557) (spn CEC 3084 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data but 20 June – 18 July 2005 (spns GULI 000020960 – GULI 000020961 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud NP, beech forest, 28 June – 29 July 2010, MT, MCJ (spn GULI 000020957 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Fiby NR, swampy old-growth hemiboreal forest, 23 June – 28 July 2009, MT, MCJ (spn GULI 000020962 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 9 June – 23 July 2010 (spn SE 1952 in SDEI); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash, 8 June – 8 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3085 – CEC 3086 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Skogsby lund NR, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash, 10 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3087 in SDEI); 1 male, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Kaltisbäcken NR, old growth herb-rich taiga, 4 – 30 July 2016, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3088 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB16E04FF57FA119E27FC62.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Adults were collected in June – July in different woodlands, both in southern (Skåne, Öland, Uppland) and northern Sweden (Lule Lappmark).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB76E05FF57FB8D9E0CFD95.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with long antennae and wings was previously subsumed under W. tridens, a species with largely similar male morphology. Among the species close to W. tridens, W. hamatula is distinguished by the aedeagal apodeme whose apical processes are much smaller, and the long gonostylus whose outline resembles a slightly bent club, i. e. the base is conspicuously slender and the apex broadly rounded (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 47 E). Females and preimaginal stages of W. hamatula remain unrecognized. Other male characters. Body size 1.6 – 1.7 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both yellowish, lighter than flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 10 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 1.1 times as long as node; node twice as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform to slightly broadened, lateral sensillum transversely aligned, variously bent to U-shaped, medial sensillum longitudinally aligned. Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 15 – 18. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing slightly longer than body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. Both M 4 and CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs with both pointed and blunt-ended scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 0.9 times as long as T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 47 E). Ninth tergite considerably shorter than gonocoxae; setae largely confined to posterior and lateral portions; anterior edge distinct; posterior edge broadly rounded to slightly concave. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped, sclerotized basally; ventroanterior edge distinct, straight; dorsoposterior portions protruding markedly beyond ventroposterior portions; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Basolateral apophysis of gonostylus fairly large, very slightly angulated. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme long. Tegmen faintly contoured; flaps small, indistinct; parameral apodemes long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB76E05FF57FB8D9E0CFD95.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a Latin adjective meaning ̒ with small hooks’, which refers to the outline of the aedeagal apodeme found in this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB76E05FF57FB8D9E0CFD95.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta Nature Reserve, swamp forest of alder, 1 – 27 August 2009, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn SE 1930 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as the holotype but 25 June – 31 July 2009 (spn GULI 000021518 in NHRS); 2 males, same data but 25 June 2009, sweepnet and aspirator (spns GULI 000026515 and GULI 000026521 in NHRS). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud NP, hornbeam and alder swamp forest, 17 June 2009, sweepnet and aspirator, MCJ (spn GULI 000021580 in NHRS); 3 males, same locality but broadleaf forest predominated by beech, 16 June – 31 July 2009, MT (spns GULI 000021582, - 21583 and - 21589 in NHRS); 1 male, same locality but beech forest, 28 June – 29 July 2010 (spn GULI 000021607 in NHRS); 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Skepparsäng NR, dry pine forest, 22 July – 23 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3179 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB76E05FF57FB8D9E0CFD95.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. All our specimens were collected in June – August in both broadleaf and coniferous forests in the southern half of Sweden (Skåne to Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB66E06FF57FDD69E49FECE.taxon	description	Figs 109 – 111	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB66E06FF57FDD69E49FECE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized to large, brown Winnertzia with short antennae. Male genitalic characters are diagnostic of this species, as follows (Fig. 109). The gonostylus, which is straight, twice as long as broad and slightly convex medially, has a small claw (↓ 5). The subtriangular, completely membranous tegmen has no apparent flaps (↓ 6); the parameral apodemes are fairly broad and short. The vestiture of the aedeagal bulge consists of small knobs mediobasally and tiny spikes in lines laterally. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is broadly U- to V-shaped and the dorsal apodemes are long and slender. The ninth tergite is slightly shorter than the gonocoxae; its posterior edge has a shallow indentation flanked by small, microtrichose lobes; and the anterior edge is unevenly emarginated medially. Females and preimaginal stages of W. lapponica are unknown. Winnertzia inornata differs from W. regia, a species with generally similar genitalia, in the absence of anepimeral setae. Other male characters. Body size 2.2 – 3.0 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna half as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 11 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as node; node 1.6 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla slightly broadened, obliquely aligned, highly variable in shape (Figs 110 – 111). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 15 – 25. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing almost as long as body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. Both M 4 and CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs with pointed scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia slightly shorter to slightly longer than T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia one third as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 109). Setae on ninth tergite confined to posterior half. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long, little narrowed towards base; ventral emargination with small unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge membranous; ventroposterior portions protruding slightly beyond dorsoposterior portions; lateral edges slightly concave. Basolateral apophysis of gonostylus normal size, angulated. Aedeagal apodeme fairly thick; apex without recurved processes, occasionally slightly bifurcated; solid basal portion long.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB66E06FF57FDD69E49FECE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin adjective inornata means unadorned, an allusion to the inconspicuous male morphology of this species.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB66E06FF57FDD69E49FECE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Halland, Kungsbacka, Särö, Västerskog, forest mixed of oak and pine trees, 25 July – 9 August 2004, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project (trap 33, collection event 1081) (spn CEC 3100 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash, 3 June – 4 July 2016, MT, MCJ & E. Gustavsson (spn CEC 3101 in NHRS); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Vickleby ädellövskog NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 17 June – 14 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3102 – CEC 3103 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Värmland, Munkfors, Ransäter, Ransbergs herrgård, mixed broadleaf forest, 18 – 27 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 1003, collection event 1386) (spn GULI 000020964 in NHRS); 1 male, Södermanland, Tyresö, Åva, Spirudden, coastal oak forest, 6 – 27 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 1, collection event 1572) (spn CEC 3105 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 28 June – 13 July 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 8, collection event 1558) (spn CEC 3106 in SDEI); 1 male, Uppland, Uppsala, Ekdalen NR, young broadleaf forest with old oak trees, 27 June – 17 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 27, collection event 1030) (spn CEC 3107 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB66E06FF57FDD69E49FECE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Adults of this species were collected in June – August in different broadleaf forests in the southern half of Sweden (Halland to Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E06FF57FE2F9C23F9A1.taxon	description	Figs 112 – 115	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E06FF57FE2F9C23F9A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with short antennae. Male genitalic characters diagnostic of this species are as follows (Fig. 113). The gonostylus, which is slightly bent and 2.5 times as long as broad, has a double convex medial edge (↓ 1) and a fairly small claw with a furrow along the base. Of the tegmen, the lateral edges are faintly contoured, the apex is broadly rounded and strengthened (↓ 2), and the flaps, which are fairly large, have reinforced, microtrichose margins. The apex of the long aedeagal apodeme has a pair of recurved processes. Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the ventral emargination is broadly U-shaped (↓ 3), the medial bridges are bulging towards the aedeagus, and the dorsal apodemes, whose connecting bridge is strongly concave, are moderately long. The ninth tergite is markedly shorter than the gonocoxae; its posterior edge has a shallow indentation flanked by a pair of small, microtrichose lobes; and the anterior edge is peculiar for having a deep, subtriangular notch medially (↓ 4). Females and preimaginal stages of W. lapponica are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 2.0 – 2.3 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna half as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 11 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck half as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; both lateral and medial translucent sensilla slightly broadened, variously obliquely aligned, mostly slightly bent (Figs 114 – 115). Palpus slightly shorter than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 9 – 15. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large (Fig. 112). Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured (Fig. 112). Wing shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. Both M 4 and CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs with pointed scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia 1.3 times as long as T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia as long as claws. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 113). Setae on ninth tergite confined to posterior two thirds. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long, little narrowed towards base; ventral emargination with small unsclerotized area basally; ventroanterior edge membranous, convex; ventroposterior portions protruding slightly beyond dorsoposterior portions. Basolateral apophysis of gonostylus normal size, angulated. Parameral apodemes short.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E06FF57FE2F9C23F9A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to Lapland, the provenance of the type specimens.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E06FF57FE2F9C23F9A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Messaure, small area of swampy oldgrowth boreal forest, 3 – 30 July 2016, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3089 in NHRS). Paratypes. 10 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3090 – CEC 3093 in NHRS, CEC 3094 – 3099 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E06FF57FE2F9C23F9A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. No specimens other than the types are known of this species; their collection data are specified above.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E78FF57F9C89E9EFC2B.taxon	description	Figs 116 – 118	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E78FF57F9C89E9EFC2B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This medium-sized, brown Winnertzia is another species separated here from W. tridens, based on stable differences in the morphology of males (females and preimaginal stages remain unidentified). A peculiarity of W. longicoxa is that the dorsoposterior portions of the gonocoxae are elongated into large, subtriangular lobes whose apex almost reaches the posterior gonostylar edge (Fig. 116, ↓ 5). In W. tridens, and species closely related to it, those lobes are considerably smaller and rounded rather than pointed. Within the W. tridens complex W. longicoxa is also distinguished by the straight, comparatively short gonostylus with a subbasal constriction and narrow, fairly long pectinate claw (↓ 6). Other male characters. Body size 1.8 – 1.9 mm. Head. Eye bridge 3 – 4 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both yellowish, lighter than flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 10 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.9 times as long as node; node 1.7 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, lateral sensillum obliquely to transversely aligned, occasionally U-shaped (Fig. 117), medial sensillum longitudinally aligned (Fig. 118). Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 14 – 19. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, vaguely contoured. Wing slightly shorter than body, 2.4 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. Both M 4 and CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs with pointed scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia and T 2 equally long. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 116). Ninth tergite considerably shorter than gonocoxae; setae largely confined to posterior and lateral portions; anterior edge distinct; posterior edge broadly rounded. Gonocoxal synsclerite broader than long; ventral emargination broadly U-shaped, sclerotized basally; ventroanterior edge distinct, straight; dorsal apodemes long and thin. Gonostylus twice as long as broad; basolateral apophysis fairly large, very slightly angulated. Aedeagal apodeme: recurved apical processes large; solid basal portion long. Tegmen faintly contoured; flaps small, indistinct; parameral apodemes long, directed ventrolaterad.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E78FF57F9C89E9EFC2B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, refers to the gonocoxae of this species whose outline is charcterized by unusually large posterior extensions.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E78FF57F9C89E9EFC2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 8 June – 8 July 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3173 in NHRS). Paratypes. 3 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3174 – CEC 3175 in NHRS, CEC 3176 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 9 July – 8 August 2015 (spn CEC 3177 in SDEI); 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash, 5 July – 4 August 2016, MT, MCJ & E. Gustavsson (spn CEC 3178 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFB56E78FF57F9C89E9EFC2B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Our specimens were collected in June – August in two broadleaf forests containing large amounts of dead ash wood, both located on the island of Öland.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	description	Figs 119 – 123	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of Winnertzia pratensis and other pravdini - like Winnertzia (see above the remarks on W. pravdini) correspond in being small to medium-sized and predominantly brown, and having 12 long-necked flagellomeres as well as setae on the anepimeron. Their genitalia are also generally similar: the gonostylar claw is long and narrow; the gonocoxal synsclerite has a large emargination and long, thin dorsal apodemes; the parallel-sided aedeagal apodeme is unmodified apically; the tegmen has unusually small flaps, whose reinforced lateral edges appear as dark markings; the long parameral apodemes are ventrolaterad oriented; and the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is concave medially. Characters specific to particular species are provided by both genitalic and non-genitalic structures, with W. pratensis being distinguished as follows. The length of the eye bridge matches 3 – 4 lateral and 1 – 2 dorsal ommatidia; the neck of the fourth flagellomere is 0.8 - 0.9 times as long as the node (Figs 121 – 122); the apical segment of the palpus is longer than each of the three preceding segments; pronotal setae number 4 – 6, anepimeral setae 3 – 6; the lateral mediotergal microtrichia are markedly enlarged; the fore tibia is longer than the second tarsomere (length ratio tb / T 2 = 1.1 – 1.2; Fig. 123); and the empodia are up to one third as long as the claws, which have a small, pale tooth basally (Fig. 120). As regards genitalic characters (Fig. 119), the posterior edge of the ninth tergite has a comparatively deep indentation medially whose width equals that of the flanking lobes (something that is only visible in undisturbed specimens) (↓ 1); the large gonocoxal emargination extends considerably beyond the midlength of the gonocoxal synsclerite (↓ 2); and the gonostylus, whose maximum thickness lies approximately in the middle, is peculiar for its gently sloping apex (↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. pratensis were possibly described in previous literature under the name of W. pravdini (see Remark).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	discussion	Remark. We assume that the male genitalic illustration that Spungis (1992: fig. 41) published for W. pravdini actually depicts our W. pratensis. The same author referred to characters of larvae and females that he regarded as conspecific with the illustrated male.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin adjective pratensis means meadow-dwelling, highlighting the habitat where most of the adults studied here were collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), scrubby meadow, 30 April – 8 June 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3055 in NHRS). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3056 – CEC 3057 in NHRS); 2 males, same data but 9 June – 6 July 2015 (spns CEC 3058 – CEC 3059 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Ullevi, herb-rich meadow, 10 May – 1 June 2016, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3060 – CEC 3061 in SDEI); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Alsterbro, herb-rich backyard, 22 April – 26 May 2016, MT, MCJ & S. - O. Ulefors (spn CEC 3066 in SDEI); 1 male, Södermanland, Trosa, Hunga, Södergård no. 1, grassland near manure pile, 16 May – 13 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 12, collection event 889) (spn CEC 3062 in NHRS); 2 males, Lule Lappmark, Jokkmokk, Vuollerim, Älvvägen, backyard with herb-rich meadow, 16 – 30 June 2017, MT, MCJ & M. Karström (spns CEC 3064 – CEC 3065 in SDEI); 1 male, same data but 16 – 31 July 2017 (spn CEC 3063 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCB6E79FF57FC4B9C4FFDB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Our material of W. pratensis was collected between end-April and July in meadows as well as similar, open habitats in both southern (Småland, Öland, Södermanland) and northern Sweden (Lule Lappmark).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	description	Figs 128 – 131	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this medium-sized (1.7 – 1.9 mm), brown Winnertzia are reminiscent of small W. pustulata (1.7 – 2.3 mm). Differences between these two species are as follows. In W. pustulatula, the flagellomeres have shorter necks, the neck of the fourth flagellomere being 0.6 times as long as the node (Figs 130 – 131) (pustulata: 0.8 – 0.9); the fore tibia is 1.2 – 1.3 times as long as the second tarsomere (pustulata: equally long); the gonostylar claw is broader and inserted on the broadly rounded gonostylar apex (Fig. 129, ↓ 1) (pustulata: claw inserted on a short, flattened process); the gonocoxal synsclerite is more strongly narrowed towards the roundish base (Fig. 128, ↓ 2) (pustulata: basal gonocoxal edge slightly convex to truncate); and the medial bridges of the gonocoxae are less strongly bulging towards the aedeagus (Fig. 128, ↓ 3). Females and preimaginal stages of W. pustulatula are unknown.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Our material contains another unnamed Winnertzia from Sweden close to both W. pustulatula and W. pustulata, which is distinguished as follows. The single male (specimen CEC 3364 in NHRS) is very small (1.3 mm); the number of flagellomeres is 11; the fore tibia is much longer than the second tarsomere (tb / T 2 = 1.4 – 1.7); the empodia are vestigial; the gonostylus is less strongly swollen apically; the gonostylar claw is broader; and the processes at the apex of the aedeagal apodeme are appreciably smaller.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, the diminutive of pustulata, refers to the general similarity of this species to the slightly larger W. pustulata.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Borgholm, Lindreservat Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest, 7 May – 10 June 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3072 in NHRS). Paratypes. 5 males, same data as the holotype (spns CEC 3073 – CEC 3074 in NHRS, CEC 3075 – CEC 3077 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Borgholm, Horns kungsgård NR, mixed forest of softwoods at lakeside, 6 May – 11 June 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3079 in SDEI); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Ottenby, Södra lunden, mixed broadleaf forest, 27 May – 7 June 2004, MT, SMTP (trap 21, collection event 991) (spns CEC 3078 and CEC 3083 in NHRS); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Alsterbro, Alsterån, mixed forest, 1 – 10 June 2006, MT, SMTP (trap 1008, collection event 1736) (spn GULI 000020988 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 20 May – 20 June 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 8, collection event 1601) (spn CEC 3080 in NHRS); 1 male, Dalarna, Orsa, Oljonsbyn, Stenbergsvägen, backyard with rich flora including woody plants, 17 September 2016 – 18 June 2017, MT, MCJ & B. Oldhammer & K. Hedmark (spn CEC 3081 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCA6E7BFF57F8D89F85FCD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Adults of W. pustulatula were collected in May – June in different woodlands in the southern half of Sweden (Småland to Dalarna).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFC86E7CFF57FC139E0FFE7A.taxon	description	Figs 132 – 134	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFC86E7CFF57FC139E0FFE7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A medium-sized, brown Winnertzia with distinctive male genitalic structures, as follows (Fig. 132). The elongate-oval gonostylus, which is 2.5 times as long as broad, has a pectinate claw of moderate size (↓ 4). The tegmen, which is fairly large in relation to the gonocoxae, has sharp contours, a truncate apex and distinct flaps (↓ 5). Of the gonocoxal synsclerite, the broadly V-shaped ventral emargination is shorter than half the gonocoxal length (↓ 6); and the dorsal apodemes, which are moderately long, have markedly convex bases (↓ 7). The aedeagal apodeme is twice-constricted, near the midlength and at the apex; the lateral extensions at the apex are short and weakly sclerotized, if at all present. The ninth tergite, which is markedly shorter than the gonocoxae, has a fairly broad posterior edge with a shallow indentation medially. Females and preimaginal stages of W. ruliki are unknown. Other male characters. Body size 1.7 – 1.8 mm. Head. Eye bridge 2 – 3 ommatidia long dorsally. Antenna two thirds as long as body. Scape slightly larger than pedicel, both concolorous with flagellum. 12 flagellomeres, flagellomeres 1 – 9 with translucent sensilla. Fourth flagellomere: neck 0.7 times as long as node; node 1.9 times as long as broad; sensory hairs numerous; translucent sensilla filiform, lateral sensillum transversely aligned, occasionally Ushaped (Fig. 133), medial sensillum longitudinally to obliquely aligned (Fig. 134). Palpus slightly longer than head height, 4 setae-bearing segments; apical segment longest of all. Labella fully developed. Thorax. Pronotal setae 9 – 12. Anepimeral setae absent. Lateral mediotergal microtrichia large. Parascutellar area bright, sharply contoured. Wing markedly shorter than body, 2.3 times as long as broad. Costal cell reinforced. Both M 4 and CuA gently bent, extending to edge of wing. Legs with pointed scales. Basitarsal spines absent. Fore tibia slightly longer than T 2. Acropods: claws slightly bent, basal tooth large; empodia vestigial. Abdomen. Pleural membrane setose. Genitalia (Fig. 132). Setae on ninth tergite confined to lateroposterior portions. Gonocoxal synsclerite slightly broader than long, little narrowed towards base; no unsclerotized area below ventral emargination; ventroanterior edge membranous; ventroposterior portions protruding slightly beyond dorsoposterior portions. Basolateral apophysis of gonostylus normal size, angulated. Solid basal portion of aedeagal apodeme long. Parameral apodemes long.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFC86E7CFF57FC139E0FFE7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Björn Rulik, of Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany, in appreciation of his help with the DNA barcoding of our specimens.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFC86E7CFF57FC139E0FFE7A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Öland, Mörbylånga, Stora Dalby lund Nature Reserve, mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash trees, 9 July – 8 August 2015, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn CEC 3108 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, same data as the holotype (spn CEC 3110 in NHRS); 1 male, same data but 9 August – 3 October 2015 (spn CEC 3109 in NHRS); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad), mixed broadleaf forest with plenty of dead ash, 15 July – 17 August 2015, MT, MCJ (spns CEC 3112 – CEC 3113 in SDEI); 1 male, same locality but scrubby meadow at forest edge, 30 July – 17 August 2015 (spn CEC 3111 in SDEI); 2 males, Öland, Mörbylånga, Västerstad elm forest NR, mixed broadleaf forest, 10 July – 5 August 2014, MT, SMTP (trap 3002, collection event 3055) (spns CEC 3114 – CEC 3115 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Skåne, Malmö, Limhamns kalkbrott, 8 – 26 July 2009, MT, B. W. Svensson et al. (spn CEC 3116 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Håbo, Biskops-Arnö, elm grove, 20 June – 18 July 2005, MT, SMTP (trap 8, collection event 1602) (spn CEC 3117 in NHRS).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFC86E7CFF57FC139E0FFE7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. Adults of W. ruliki were collected in June – August (– October?) in different broadleaf forests in the southern half of Sweden (Skåne to Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCF6E7CFF57FDFB994FFA6A.taxon	description	Figs 124 – 127; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 45 A (as W. pravdini)	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCF6E7CFF57FDFB994FFA6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Males of this species can be recognized using the following characters in combination. The length of the eye bridge matches 4 – 5 lateral and 1 – 2 dorsal ommatidia; the neck of the fourth flagellomere is 1.1 times as long as the node (Figs 124 – 125); the apical segment of the palpus is longer than each of the three preceding segments; pronotal setae number 9 – 17, anepimeral setae 5 – 9; the lateral mediotergal microtrichia are only little enlarged; the fore tibia is shorter than the second tarsomere (length ratio tb / T 2 = 0.8; Fig. 127); and the empodia are half as long as the claws whose basal tooth is as large as that usually found in Winnertzia (Fig. 126). As regards genitalic characters (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 45 A), the posterior edge of the ninth tergite is perfectly sinuous; the gonocoxal emargination, which is smaller than that of W. pratensis, extends only slightly beyond the midlength of the gonocoxal synsclerite; and the gonostylus has a conspicuously steep-walled apex. Additionally, males of W. silvestris are on average larger (1.5 – 2.0 mm) than that of W. pratensis (1.4 – 1.6 mm), a closely related species described above. Females and preimaginal stages of W. silvestris are unknown.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCF6E7CFF57FDFB994FFA6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin adjective silvestris translates as forest-dwelling, referring to the habitat in which all our specimens were collected.	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCF6E7CFF57FDFB994FFA6A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. Male, Sweden, Uppland, Uppsala, Fiby Nature Reserve, swampy section of oldgrowth mixed hemiboreal forest, 9 June – 23 July 2010, Malaise trap, M. & C. Jaschhof (spn GULI 000020956 in NHRS). Paratypes. 1 male, Sweden, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park, old-growth mixed broadleaf forest, 16 June 2009, sweepnet, MCJ (spn GULI 000020955 in NHRS); 1 male, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta NR, swamp forest of alder interspersed with spruce trees, 1 – 27 August 2009, MT, MCJ (spn SE 1655 in SDEI). Other material studied. Sweden: 1 male, Öland, Mörbylånga, Färjestaden, backyard with grove of young birches, 10 June – 10 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3054 in SDEI); 1 male, Småland, Nybro, Bäckebo, Grytsjön NR, old-growth mixed hemiboreal forest, 17 June – 16 July 2015, MT, MCJ (spn CEC 3053 in SDEI).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
03C00F49FFCF6E7CFF57FDFB994FFA6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and phenology. The five specimens known of W. silvestris were collected in summer (June – Au-gust) in different woodlands in the southern half of Sweden (Skåne to Uppland).	en	Jaschhof, Mathias, Jaschhof, Catrin (2020): Reevaluation of species richness in Winnertzia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with descriptions of 37 new species from Sweden, Peru and Australia. Zootaxa 4829 (1): 1-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4829.1.1
