identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.text	03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthedon Agassiz & Kallies 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Osmanthedon Kallies gen. nov.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Osmanthedon domaticola Agassiz &amp; Kallies spec. nov.</p>
            <p>Description. Small moths, with a wingspan of 15–19.5 mm (Figs 1, 2).</p>
            <p>Head. Proboscis minute, perhaps not functional; labial palpus, basal and second palpomeres rough scaled, distal margin of second palpomere with bristly scales and extending beyond frons, apical palpomere smooth, 2/3 as long as second; frons smooth. Antenna thick, in particular in male, apically abruptly ending, not tapering, ventrally covered with short ciliae, which are slightly longer than the width of the flagellum.</p>
            <p>Forewing. Transparent areas densely covered in semitransparent scales. Venation (Fig. 3): forewing with M3 and Cu1 separate, R1 and R2 not fused, R4 and R5 with a short common stalk, hindwing veins M3, Cu1 and Cu2 closely approximated; M3 and Cu1 arise from a common point from the cross vein, without a common stalk.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Anal tuft small in male, in female only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with very short scales.</p>
            <p> Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5). Typical of  Synanthedonini (setae bifurcate, scopula androconialis present, phallus without coecum penis); however, the vinculum and tegumen tightly fused, tegumen ventrally membranous, without distinct gnathos, valva with a soft bulbous crista near its centre; base of the valva with well-developed scale or sensilla sockets; ventral margin of the valve with a distinct processus half way; phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus. </p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Antrum very short, ductus seminalis close to ostium, ductus bursae close to antrum distinctly expanded.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. This genus is unique based on at least three autapomorphic character states:</p>
            <p> (1) Hindwing veins M3, Cu1 and Cu2 closely approximated (well separated in all other  Synanthedonini ). (2) Valva with a soft bulbous crista near its centre (with a distinctly sclerotized ridge-like crista or a dense field of setae near the base of the valva in all other  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> (3) Valva with sacculus with well-developed scale or sensilla sockets (without in all other  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> In addition to these unique characters, Osmanthedon differs from most  Synanthedonini by the shape of the antennae, which are distinctly thickened and terminate abruptly in Osmanthedon, while they are thinner, clavate and tapering apically in most other  Synanthedonini , including  Synanthedon Hübner [1819] . However, some South American species currently assigned to  Euryphrissa Butler, 1874 , Carmenta Edwards, 1881 and  Aegerina Le Cerf, 1917 have similar antennae (Eichlin 2003; Bartsch, personal communication). </p>
            <p> Other characters that distinguish Osmanthedon from most  Synanthedonini are as follows: </p>
            <p> (1) Forewing veins R1 and R2 not fused (often fused distally, or occasionally completely fused in  Synanthedonini ). (2) Forewing veins R4 and R5 with a short common stalk (longer in typical  Synanthedonini ). (3) Hindwing veins M3 and Cu1 arise from a common point from the cross vein (with a common stalk in most  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> (3) Hindwing veins M3 and Cu1 arise from a common point from the cross vein (with a common stalk in most  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> (4) Male genitalia with vinculum and tegumen tightly fused (connected by a thin membrane in most  Synanthedonini ), without any distinct gnathos lobes (well developed in most  Synanthedonini ), tegumen ventrally membranous (sclerotized in most  Synanthedonini ), ventral margin of the valva with a distinct processus (lacking in most  Synanthedonini ); phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus (without in most  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> (5) Female genitalia with antrum very short (long and well-developed in most  Synanthedonini ), ductus seminalis close to ostium (well removed in most  Synanthedonini ), ductus bursae distinctly expanded in the section close to the antrum (simple in most  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> (6) The anal tuft in the female is only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with very short scales (anal tuft in females very prominent, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with long scales in most  Synanthedonini ). </p>
            <p> The new genus shares some characters with  Camaegeria Strand, 1914 , which also lacks the sclerotized crista sacculi and has an undeveloped anal tuft in the female. However, the two genera are not similar otherwise (comp. Bartsch &amp; Berg 2012). Superficially, the new genus is also somewhat similar to  Osminia and  Coccophila Bartsch, 2015 . These genera, however, belong to the tribes  Osminiini and  Sesiini , respectively, and differ fundamentally by the genitalia and wing venation (Eichlin 1998; Kallies 2004; Bartsch 2015, 2016). </p>
            <p> Etymology. The name derives from the generic names  Osminia and  Synanthedon , referring to the similarity of the new genus to species of  Osminia while indicating its relationship to  Synanthedon . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Agassiz, David;Kallies, Axel	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.text	03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Osmanthedon domaticola Agassiz & Kallies 2018	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Osmanthedon domaticola Agassiz &amp; Kallies spec. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–6)</p>
            <p> Material examined. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 1). [Tanzania] Sanya | 3.iii.1961 | B. Hocking, CIE Coll. No. 17818, BM Genitalia slide No. 33632 (BMNH). Paratypes (1♂, 4♀): 1♂ KENYA, Rift Valley, Laikipia, Mpala Research Centre, 1700 m; 0˚17’27”N 36˚52’53”E, larva in domatium of  Acacia drepanolobium [=  Vachellia drepanolobium ], 7.xi.12, emerged 29.i.2013, Agassiz, Beavan, Heckford &amp; Ngugi; 1♀ KENYA, Rift Valley, Mpala Ranch, 1800 m, 0˚17’N 36˚52’E, larva in domatium of  A. drepanolobium [=  V. drepanolobium ], emerged 4.xii.2009, D. J. L. Agassiz (Fig. 2) (NMK); 1♀ KENYA, Central, 10 km S of Naro Moru, 2060 m, 0˚16’53”S 37˚0’39”E, larva in domatium of  A. drepanolobium [=  V. drepanolobium ], emerged 15.xii.2009, D. J. L. Agassiz; 1♀ same data, emerged 7.i.2010 (ZMHB); 1♀ KENYA, Rift Valley, Naivasha, 1800 m, Lake Road South, larva in domatium of  A. drepanolobium [=  V. drepanolobium ], emerged 15.xii.2009, D. J. L. Agassiz. </p>
            <p>Etymology. Derived from Latin, meaning dwelling in a domatium.</p>
            <p>Description. Male, holotype (Fig. 1). Alar expanse 15 mm, antenna length 3.8 mm, body length 8.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Head. Labial palpus predominantly white, second palpomere with black bristly scales distally, apical palpomere black at tip; frons metallic grey. Antennae thick and distinctly clubbed, apically abruptly ending, not tapering; ventrally covered with short ciliae, which are slightly longer than the width of the flagellum.</p>
            <p>Thorax. Legs black with white hair-like scales, coxae black, with broad white margins, tibiae and tarsomeres with white distal margins. Forewing with external transparent area (ETA) consisting of four cells between R5 and Cu1, the one between M3 and Cu1 being very small, all covered densely by semitransparent scales; apical area black, covered with individual white to grey scales between the veins, gradually giving way to ETA; fringe dark grey. Hindwing transparent; discal spot absent; fringe dark grey, white at anal margin.</p>
            <p>Abdomen. Black, sternite 4 white, sternite 5 partially covered in white scales, anal tuft yellow ventrally.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5). Vinculum and tegumen tightly fused, without any distinct gnathos lobes, tegumen ventrally membranous, valva with a soft bulbous crista near the centre of valva; base of the valva with welldeveloped scale or sensilla sockets; ventral margin of the valva with a distinct processus half way; phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus and small scobinate corona penis.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male, but slightly larger and transparent areas less densely covered by semitransparent scales. Antenna smooth; black dorsally, each segment ventrally with a row of yellow scales, transparent areas covered in semitransparent scales. Anal tuft only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally only with very short scales.</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Antrum very short, ductus seminalis close to ostium, ductus bursae close to antrum distinctly expanded.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to some species of the tribe  Osminiini , in particular the genus  Osminia . In Africa, the latter is represented only by  Osminia namibiana Kallies, 2004 which was described from the Brandberg in Namibia. However,  Osminia species lack or have extremely short ciliae on the ventral surface of their antennae and the valva and uncus of the male genitalia are covered in simple setae. </p>
            <p> Biology. The larvae of  Osmanthedon domaticola spec. nov. live within domatia (ant galls) and are closely associated with ants on  Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Sjöstedt) P.J.H.Hurter (Fabaceae) . The domatium is used by aggressive ants of the genus  Crematogaster Lund. Three species occur where the larva has been found,  C. mimosae Santschi ,  C. nigriceps Emery and  C. sjostedti Mayr , but it is not clear which ones are associated with this Sesiid species. The larva lives beneath a tough dome shaped membrane about 7 mm in diameter (Fig. 7). There are small holes around the base of the dome, insufficient to allow an ant to get through, but around the dome amongst some frass are the head capsules shed by the larva at its various instars. Instead of this frass being loosely dispersed it is held against the wall of the domatium as though covered in some kind of secretion. Before pupation, the larvae gnaw a ring enabling the pupa to break out before eclosion (Fig. 8). All specimens known to date were collected at altitudes between 1700 and 1800 m. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Kenya and Tanzania.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Agassiz, David;Kallies, Axel	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
