taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Osmanthedon domaticola Agassiz & Kallies spec. nov.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.taxon	description	Description. Small moths, with a wingspan of 15 – 19.5 mm (Figs 1, 2). Head. Proboscis minute, perhaps not functional; labial palpus, basal and second palpomeres rough scaled, distal margin of second palpomere with bristly scales and extending beyond frons, apical palpomere smooth, 2 / 3 as long as second; frons smooth. Antenna thick, in particular in male, apically abruptly ending, not tapering, ventrally covered with short ciliae, which are slightly longer than the width of the flagellum. Forewing. Transparent areas densely covered in semitransparent scales. Venation (Fig. 3): forewing with M 3 and Cu 1 separate, R 1 and R 2 not fused, R 4 and R 5 with a short common stalk, hindwing veins M 3, Cu 1 and Cu 2 closely approximated; M 3 and Cu 1 arise from a common point from the cross vein, without a common stalk. Abdomen. Anal tuft small in male, in female only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with very short scales. Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5). Typical of Synanthedonini (setae bifurcate, scopula androconialis present, phallus without coecum penis); however, the vinculum and tegumen tightly fused, tegumen ventrally membranous, without distinct gnathos, valva with a soft bulbous crista near its centre; base of the valva with well-developed scale or sensilla sockets; ventral margin of the valve with a distinct processus half way; phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus. Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Antrum very short, ductus seminalis close to ostium, ductus bursae close to antrum distinctly expanded.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This genus is unique based on at least three autapomorphic character states: (1) Hindwing veins M 3, Cu 1 and Cu 2 closely approximated (well separated in all other Synanthedonini). (2) Valva with a soft bulbous crista near its centre (with a distinctly sclerotized ridge-like crista or a dense field of setae near the base of the valva in all other Synanthedonini). (3) Valva with sacculus with well-developed scale or sensilla sockets (without in all other Synanthedonini). In addition to these unique characters, Osmanthedon differs from most Synanthedonini by the shape of the antennae, which are distinctly thickened and terminate abruptly in Osmanthedon, while they are thinner, clavate and tapering apically in most other Synanthedonini, including Synanthedon Hübner [1819]. However, some South American species currently assigned to Euryphrissa Butler, 1874, Carmenta Edwards, 1881 and Aegerina Le Cerf, 1917 have similar antennae (Eichlin 2003; Bartsch, personal communication). Other characters that distinguish Osmanthedon from most Synanthedonini are as follows: (1) Forewing veins R 1 and R 2 not fused (often fused distally, or occasionally completely fused in Synanthedonini). (2) Forewing veins R 4 and R 5 with a short common stalk (longer in typical Synanthedonini). (3) Hindwing veins M 3 and Cu 1 arise from a common point from the cross vein (with a common stalk in most Synanthedonini). (3) Hindwing veins M 3 and Cu 1 arise from a common point from the cross vein (with a common stalk in most Synanthedonini). (4) Male genitalia with vinculum and tegumen tightly fused (connected by a thin membrane in most Synanthedonini), without any distinct gnathos lobes (well developed in most Synanthedonini), tegumen ventrally membranous (sclerotized in most Synanthedonini), ventral margin of the valva with a distinct processus (lacking in most Synanthedonini); phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus (without in most Synanthedonini). (5) Female genitalia with antrum very short (long and well-developed in most Synanthedonini), ductus seminalis close to ostium (well removed in most Synanthedonini), ductus bursae distinctly expanded in the section close to the antrum (simple in most Synanthedonini). (6) The anal tuft in the female is only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with very short scales (anal tuft in females very prominent, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally with long scales in most Synanthedonini). The new genus shares some characters with Camaegeria Strand, 1914, which also lacks the sclerotized crista sacculi and has an undeveloped anal tuft in the female. However, the two genera are not similar otherwise (comp. Bartsch & Berg 2012). Superficially, the new genus is also somewhat similar to Osminia and Coccophila Bartsch, 2015. These genera, however, belong to the tribes Osminiini and Sesiini, respectively, and differ fundamentally by the genitalia and wing venation (Eichlin 1998; Kallies 2004; Bartsch 2015, 2016).	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA71FFE201C4FD15FBB67F7E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name derives from the generic names Osminia and Synanthedon, referring to the similarity of the new genus to species of Osminia while indicating its relationship to Synanthedon.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 1). [Tanzania] Sanya | 3. iii. 1961 | B. Hocking, CIE Coll. No. 17818, BM Genitalia slide No. 33632 (BMNH). Paratypes (1 ♂, 4 ♀): 1 ♂ KENYA, Rift Valley, Laikipia, Mpala Research Centre, 1700 m; 0 ˚ 17 ’ 27 ” N 36 ˚ 52 ’ 53 ” E, larva in domatium of Acacia drepanolobium [= Vachellia drepanolobium], 7. xi. 12, emerged 29. i. 2013, Agassiz, Beavan, Heckford & Ngugi; 1 ♀ KENYA, Rift Valley, Mpala Ranch, 1800 m, 0 ˚ 17 ’ N 36 ˚ 52 ’ E, larva in domatium of A. drepanolobium [= V. drepanolobium], emerged 4. xii. 2009, D. J. L. Agassiz (Fig. 2) (NMK); 1 ♀ KENYA, Central, 10 km S of Naro Moru, 2060 m, 0 ˚ 16 ’ 53 ” S 37 ˚ 0 ’ 39 ” E, larva in domatium of A. drepanolobium [= V. drepanolobium], emerged 15. xii. 2009, D. J. L. Agassiz; 1 ♀ same data, emerged 7. i. 2010 (ZMHB); 1 ♀ KENYA, Rift Valley, Naivasha, 1800 m, Lake Road South, larva in domatium of A. drepanolobium [= V. drepanolobium], emerged 15. xii. 2009, D. J. L. Agassiz.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from Latin, meaning dwelling in a domatium.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	description	Description. Male, holotype (Fig. 1). Alar expanse 15 mm, antenna length 3.8 mm, body length 8.5 mm. Head. Labial palpus predominantly white, second palpomere with black bristly scales distally, apical palpomere black at tip; frons metallic grey. Antennae thick and distinctly clubbed, apically abruptly ending, not tapering; ventrally covered with short ciliae, which are slightly longer than the width of the flagellum. Thorax. Legs black with white hair-like scales, coxae black, with broad white margins, tibiae and tarsomeres with white distal margins. Forewing with external transparent area (ETA) consisting of four cells between R 5 and Cu 1, the one between M 3 and Cu 1 being very small, all covered densely by semitransparent scales; apical area black, covered with individual white to grey scales between the veins, gradually giving way to ETA; fringe dark grey. Hindwing transparent; discal spot absent; fringe dark grey, white at anal margin. Abdomen. Black, sternite 4 white, sternite 5 partially covered in white scales, anal tuft yellow ventrally. Male genitalia (Figs 4, 5). Vinculum and tegumen tightly fused, without any distinct gnathos lobes, tegumen ventrally membranous, valva with a soft bulbous crista near the centre of valva; base of the valva with welldeveloped scale or sensilla sockets; ventral margin of the valva with a distinct processus half way; phallus with a distinctly hooked and large cornutus and small scobinate corona penis. Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male, but slightly larger and transparent areas less densely covered by semitransparent scales. Antenna smooth; black dorsally, each segment ventrally with a row of yellow scales, transparent areas covered in semitransparent scales. Anal tuft only laterally developed, terminal segment dorsally and ventrally only with very short scales. Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Antrum very short, ductus seminalis close to ostium, ductus bursae close to antrum distinctly expanded.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is superficially similar to some species of the tribe Osminiini, in particular the genus Osminia. In Africa, the latter is represented only by Osminia namibiana Kallies, 2004 which was described from the Brandberg in Namibia. However, Osminia species lack or have extremely short ciliae on the ventral surface of their antennae and the valva and uncus of the male genitalia are covered in simple setae.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The larvae of Osmanthedon domaticola spec. nov. live within domatia (ant galls) and are closely associated with ants on Vachellia drepanolobium (Harms ex Sjöstedt) P. J. H. Hurter (Fabaceae). The domatium is used by aggressive ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund. Three species occur where the larva has been found, C. mimosae Santschi, C. nigriceps Emery and C. sjostedti Mayr, but it is not clear which ones are associated with this Sesiid species. The larva lives beneath a tough dome shaped membrane about 7 mm in diameter (Fig. 7). There are small holes around the base of the dome, insufficient to allow an ant to get through, but around the dome amongst some frass are the head capsules shed by the larva at its various instars. Instead of this frass being loosely dispersed it is held against the wall of the domatium as though covered in some kind of secretion. Before pupation, the larvae gnaw a ring enabling the pupa to break out before eclosion (Fig. 8). All specimens known to date were collected at altitudes between 1700 and 1800 m.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
03C06C57FA72FFE401C4FC6FFDB17EFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kenya and Tanzania.	en	Agassiz, David, Kallies, Axel (2018): A new genus and species of myrmecophile clearwing moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from East Africa. Zootaxa 4392 (3): 588-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.8
