taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C187A2B879930AFF0E9C59FDE16ED1.taxon	description	Sect. Petermannia The species is most similar to Begonia joffrei Kiew & S. Julia (2015: 28) in its habit, apparent opposite leaves, inflorescences on short branches and male flowers with two small tepals. It is differentiated by its long soft hairs perpendicular to stem (vs. hispid appressed in B. joffrei); its shallowly cordate lamina base (vs. very unequal with the broader side auriculate), narrower basal lobes 3 – 5 mm long (vs. 7 – 10 mm long), its inflorescence a compact dichasium with one female flower at the base and male flowers above (vs. male and female flowers on separate inflorescences); hairy tepals (vs. glabrous tepals); 5 female tepals (vs. 4) and ovate fruits, 11 – 17 × 10 – 17 mm (vs. fruits oblong, ca. 20 × 15 mm). Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District: Gunung Penrissen, 3 December 2017, Julia et al. SFC 5587 (holotype SAR!; isotype KEP!). Erect, sparsely branched herb to 1.5 m tall, growing in big clumps. Stem, stipule, petiole, lamina, fruit and outer tepal surface covered with dense, long soft brownish hairs, those on stem perpendicular, 5 – 6 mm long. Stems dark brown or red-brown, terete, 6 – 8 mm thick, internodes 3.5 – 12.5 cm long, swollen at the nodes. Stipules lanceolate, 9 – 18 × 4 – 7 mm, strongly keeled, margin entire, apex setose, seta to 2 mm long, caducous. Leaves alternate, appearing sub-opposite towards the top of the stem, not oblique, sometimes slightly falcate, held horizontally; petioles reddish brown, 0.8 – 1.4 cm long, grooved above; lamina plain green above, paler beneath, in life succulent, glossy, obovate, 11 – 20 × 3.5 – 7.5 cm, broad side 2.2 – 4.6 cm wide, base shallowly cordate, basal lobes 3 – 5 mm long, margin finely toothed, apex acuminate, 1 – 1.5 cm long; venation pinnate, sunken above, prominent below, 6 – 7 veins on either side of the midrib, branching 1 – 2 times, in life veins pale green above, reddish below, 1 – 2 veins in the basal lobe, tertiary veins reticulate, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences protogynous, produced on a short branch 0.5 – 1.5 cm long, opposite the leaf, compact dichasium with 1 female flower at the base and male flowers above, 0.3 – 0.4 cm long. Bracts reddish, lanceolate, 7 – 10 × 3 – 4 mm, margin entire, apex setose, seta to 2 mm long, caducous; bracteoles lanceolate, 5 – 12 × 3 mm, caducous. Male flowers: pedicel reddish, 7 – 8 mm long, glabrous; tepals 2, reddish or whitish, dark red near the base, ovate, 6 – 8 × 4 – 6 mm, margin entire, apex acute; stamens 26 – 33, cluster conical, torus ca. 0.8 mm long; filaments pale yellow, 0.8 – 1 mm long; anthers pale yellow, obovate or ovate, ca. 1 × 0.8 mm, apex emarginate. Female flowers: pedicel reddish, 6 – 8 mm long; ovary pale green or yellowish green, 9 – 11 × 10 – 14 mm, wings 3, equal, pale green with a conspicuous red line between the locules and the wing, wing tip rounded, locules 3, placentas 2 per locule; tepals 5, yellowish, ovate, 7 – 10 × 5 – 10 mm, margin entire, apex acute; styles 3, yellowish green or pinkish, ca. 1 mm long, divided to base, Y-shaped; stigma yellowish or pinkish, papillose forming a continuous twisted band. Fruit single, pale green with a dark red line between the locules and between the locules and wings, ovate, 11 – 17 mm long, 10 – 17 mm wide across the wings, locules 3, wings 3, subequal, 3 – 5 mm wide, thinly fibrous, conspicuously unequal at the base, rounded proximally and distally, wings dehiscing between locule and wing; pedicel pendent, 6 – 12 mm long, reddish or pinkish.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B879930AFF0E9C59FDE16ED1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic in Borneo. So far known only from Gunung Penrissen, Padawan District, Sarawak. Habitat: — In hill forest at elevation to 1000 m. Growing on rocky slopes with a thin layer of leaf litter or sometimes on mossy rocky slopes in semi-shaded areas.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B879930AFF0E9C59FDE16ED1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Greek, dasys = hairy; caulon = stem. Notes: — The whole plant is conspicuously hispid with long hairs to 5 – 6 mm long and by its very small capsule that in life has striking red lines. Also notable was that most leaves in the population were eaten by insects (usually leaves of begonias in Borneo are free of insect damage). Although this species is most similar to B. hirtitepala S. Julia & Kiew (2016: 266) in its indumentum, B. dasycaulis can be distinguished from B. hirtitepala by its leaf arrangement, leave shape, basal lobes, inflorescence type, bract, glabrous tepals on male flower and the number of tepals in female flower. 3. Begonia lailana Kiew & Geri (2003: 117): Kiew et al. Guide to Begonias of Borneo (2015) 158; Type: — MALAYSIA, Borneo, Sarawak: Bau, Gunung Kawa, 12 November 2002, Geri et al. SBC 3753 (holotype SAR!; isotypes K!, L!, SAN!, SBC!, SING!). Synonym: Begonia oblongifolia Stapf auct. non Ridley (1906: 251). Sect. Petermannia	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B879930AFF0E9C59FDE16ED1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic in Kuching Division, Sarawak. Specimen examined: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District: Gunung Penrissen, 3 December 2017, Julia et al. SFC 5590 (SAR!, KEP!). Habitat: — Lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, on river banks or at the base of limestone hills in light shade.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B879930AFF0E9C59FDE16ED1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after Datuk Amar Puan Sri Dr Hajjah Laila Taib, the late wife of 4 th Chief Minister of Sarawak. Notes: — The species is commonly sold in local markets in Kuching as a vegetables eaten as ‘ ulam’ (local salad) or used as a food flavour for its sour taste.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87B930CFF0E9DBBFF7F6C67.taxon	description	Sect. Petermannia Similar to Begonia densiretis Irmsch (1953: 490) in its habit but it is differentiated by its more robust habit with stems to 100 cm tall and 4 – 8 mm thick (vs. stems ca. 35 cm tall and 2 – 4.5 mm thick); larger stipules at 6 – 9 mm wide (vs. 3 – 4 mm wide); larger leaves at 14.5 – 19 × 8 – 10.5 cm (vs. 9.5 – 14 × 5.5 – 8 cm); smaller basal lobes at 0.6 – 1 cm (vs. basal lobe well developed, 1.5 – 2.5 cm), larger ovary at 11 – 15 × 13 – 17 mm (vs. 8.5 × 4.5 mm), longer fruits at 13 – 17 × 15 – 20 mm with wing tips distally pointed (vs. 10 – 12.5 × 4.2 – 5 mm and wing tips rounded). Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District: Gunung Penrissen, 3 December 2017, Julia et al. SFC 5586 (holotype SAR!; isotype KEP!). Cane-like begonia to 50 – 100 cm tall, much-branched. Stems reddish brown or dull green, minutely pubescent, terete, 5 – 8 mm thick, internodes 5 – 9.5 cm long, swollen at the nodes. Stipules lanceolate, 12 – 23 × 6 – 9 mm, strongly keeled, margin entire, apex attenuate or setose, seta to 2 mm long, pubescent, caducous. Leaves alternate, oblique, held horizontally or sometimes slightly vertically; petioles greenish brown, 1.6 – 3 cm long, grooved above, minutely pubescent; lamina plain green above, paler beneath, above glabrous or sparsely sprinkled with bristles between the veins, hairs blackish or brownish each on a raised base, beneath glabrous, in life succulent, glossy, broadly ovate, 14.5 – 19 × 8 – 10.5 cm, broad side 5 – 7 cm wide, base shallowly cordate, basal lobes 0.6 – 1 cm, margin minutely serrate, apex acuminate, 1.5 – 2.3 cm long; venation pinnate, veins sunken above, prominent below, 4 – 5 veins on either side of the midrib, branching 2 or 3 times, in life veins pale green on both surfaces, reddish brown towards the base, 2 – 3 veins in the basal lobe, tertiary veins reticulate, prominent above, slightly so below. Inflorescences protogynous, in the upper leaf axils, racemose with 2 – 3 female flowers at the base and many male flowers above, rachis shortly branched, 8 – 20 cm long, peduncle pale green, pubescent, 2.5 – 4.5 cm long. Bracts greenish, lanceolate, 12 – 15 × 4 – 7 mm, margin entire, apex acute, caducous; bracteoles lanceolate, 5 – 11 × 3 – 4 mm, caducous. Male flowers: pedicel greenish yellow, 4 – 5 mm long, sparsely pubescent; tepals 2, greenish to yellowish green, slightly reflexed, oval, 3 – 4 × 4 mm, margin entire, apex rounded; stamens 20 – 26, cluster conical, torus ca. 1 mm long; filaments pale yellow, ca. 1 mm long; anthers pale yellow, oblong, ca. 1 × 0.6 mm, apex emarginate. Female flowers: pedicel pale green, 7 – 15 mm long, minutely pubescent; ovary pale green or yellowish green, wings pale green, wing with acute tip, 11 – 15 × 13 – 17 mm, wings 3, slightly unequal, locules 3, placentas 2 per locule; tepals 5, mostly free, rarely joined in the lower quarter of the tepal, yellowish with greenish margin, outer 4 tepals ovate, 10 – 15 × 5 – 10 mm, inner tepal 8 – 12 × 5 – 7 mm, margin minutely toothed or entire, apex acute; styles 3, yellowish, ca. 2 mm long, divided to base, deeply Y-shaped; stigma yellowish brown, papillose forming a continuous twisted band. Fruits 2 – 3 along the rachis, green, sparsely pubescent, 13 – 17 mm long, 15 – 20 mm wide, locules 3, wings 3, 5 – 7 mm wide, glabrous, slightly unequal, acute proximally, truncate distally or tip acute, thinly fibrous, dehiscing between locule and wing; pedicel pendent, 8 – 12 mm long, pubescent, greenish.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87B930CFF0E9DBBFF7F6C67.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic in Borneo. So far known only from Gunung Penrissen, Padawan District, Sarawak. Habitat: — In hill forest at elevations to 1000 m. In semi-shaded areas it grows together with Begonia dasycaulis on rocky slopes with a thin layer of leaf litter or sometimes on mossy rocky slopes	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87B930CFF0E9DBBFF7F6C67.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Latin, minutus = very small; referring to the very small tepals. Notes: — The species is somewhat similar to B. lailana in its cane-like habit but it is distinct in having longer petioles, racemose inflorescences, larger bracts, shorter tepals of male flower, fewer stamens, and a shorter fruit with a shorter pedicel. 5. Begonia natunaensis C. W. Lin & C. - I. Peng. Taiwania 59 (4) (2014) 368. Type: — INDONESIA. Natuna Island, Mt. Ranai, 11 December 2014, C. W. Lin 563 (from cultivated plants: holotype BO n. v.; isotypes HAST n. v., TAIF n. v.). Sect. Jackia	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87D9301FF0E9F87FBE56A51.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District: Gunung Penrissen, 3 December 2017, Julia et al. SFC 5589 (holotype SAR!; isotype KEP!). Rosette herb, up to 7 leaves per plant. Rhizomatous stem to 13 cm long, 5 – 14 mm thick, brown or reddish brown, minutely pubescent, terete, internodes 2 – 7 mm long, slightly swollen at the nodes. Stipules triangular, 18 – 20 × ca. 8 mm at the base tapering to ca. 6 mm midway up stipule, keeled, margin entire, apex setose, seta to 10 mm long, glabrous, persistent. Leaves alternate, peltate, lamina held vertically; petioles greenish, reddish brown on lower half, 6.5 – 26 cm long, 3 – 8 mm thick, terete, glabrous; lamina green above with dark brown blotches between the tertiary veins, paler green beneath also with purplish blotches, glabrous, in life succulent, glossy, suborbicular, 6.3 – 12 × 7 – 13.5 cm, petiole attachment 2.5 – 6.3 cm from the base, both sides of the leaves almost equal in width, margin minutely toothed, teeth turned back at the vein endings, margin slightly recurved, covered with soft white hairs, reddish, apex acuminate, 1.2 – 1.5 long; venation palmate, 6 – 7 veins radiating from the petiole attachment, strongly raised above, flat or slightly raised beneath, branching 3 – 5 times, veins pale green on both surfaces, lateral veins on either side of the midrib 2 – 3 veins, tertiary veins sclariform at the base, strongly bullate and lamina appearing puckered, reticulation laxer towards the margin, prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences protandrous, 2 – 3 inflorescences per plant, axillary in the uppermost leaves, 15 – 44 cm long, paniculate, male and female flowers on separate or on the same branch, peduncle reddish to pale green, glabrous, 10.5 – 38.5 cm long. Bracts reddish, triangular, 17 – 25 × 5 – 6 mm, margin entire, apex setose, seta 5 – 8 mm long, persistent; lower bracteoles triangular, 15 – 20 × 4 – 6 mm, upper bracteoles lanceolate, 4 – 8 × 2 – 3 mm, persistent. Male flowers: pedicel reddish or greenish, 5 – 10 mm long, glabrous; tepals 2, whitish, 7 – 8 × 7 – 9 mm, base cordate, margin entire, apex rounded; stamens 40 – 48, cluster globose, sessile; filaments lemon yellow, ca. 1 mm long; anthers lemon yellow, obovate, ca. 1 × 0.6 mm, apex emarginate. Female flowers: pedicel whitish, 10 – 11 mm long, glabrous; ovary whitish or greenish white, sometimes pinkish, wings 3, equal, greenish, 5 – 7 × 10 mm, tip acute, locules 3, placenta 1 per locule; tepals 2, white, rounded, 4 – 7 × 5 – 7 mm, margin entire, apex rounded; styles 3, lemon yellow, ca. 2 mm long, divided to base, anchor-shaped; stigma lemon yellow, papillose forming a continuous twisted band. Fruits more than 5 per infructescence, pale green, glabrous, ca. 10 × 12 – 15 mm, locules 3, wings 3, 6 – 7 mm wide, slightly unequal, broadly acute proximally and distally, thinly fibrous, dehiscing between locule and wing; pedicel slightly pendent, 10 – 13 mm long, glabrous, greenish.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87D9301FF0E9F87FBE56A51.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic in Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District, Gunung Penrissen, known only from the type locality. Habitat: — Growing on mossy, shaded, high vertical sandstone cliff faces constantly wet from dripping water, locally common and covering the rock face at about 1100 m elevation. The largest plants grew in more shaded areas.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87D9301FF0E9F87FBE56A51.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named for the Malaysian state, Sarawak, where it grows to contrast it with the other subspecies that grows on Natuna Island, Indonesia. Notes: — The Sarawak taxon is described as a subspecies rather than as a variety because it is geographically distinct and disjunct from B. natunaensis that grows in Natuna Island, about 200 km northeast of Borneo (Lin et al. 2014). Although both subspecies grow in similar habitats (on wet and mossy sandstone cliffs), they are found at different elevations: 100 m on Natuna Island and at 1100 m on Gunung Penrisssen. The great majority of begonias in Borneo belong to sect. Petermannia. This species has a rhizomatous habitat, protandrous inflorescences and an undivided placenta and is placed in sect. Jackia as the section is currently understood. However, it is unlike any of the other Bornean species with peltate leaves in its robust habit and large, thin leaves. Rather, it is similar to the commonly cultivated B. goegoensis N. E. Br (1882: 71) from Indoensia. 6. Begonia padawanensis C. W. Lin & C. I-Peng, Nord. J. Bot. 33 (2015) 558. Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo. Sarawak. Padawan District, 01 ° 7 ′ N 110 ° 16 ′ E, 28 Aug 2013, C. W. Lin 559 (holotype SAR n. v.; isotypes HAST, KEP n. v., TAIF). Sect. Ridleyella.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87D9301FF0E9F87FBE56A51.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic in Padawan District, Sarawak. Besides Gunung Penrissen, this species, according to the GPS figures given for the type locality, was also collected near Kampung Annah Rais, which is also on the foothills of Gunung Penrissen. Specimens examined: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Padawan District: Gunung Penrissen, 3 December 2017, Julia et al. SFC 5588 (SAR!, KEP!). Habitat: — Lowland to lower montane forest on wet and mossy or dry sandstone cliffs or large boulders at 200 - 1100 m elevation.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
03C187A2B87D9301FF0E9F87FBE56A51.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named for the district from where it was first collected. Notes: — This is a distinctive small creeping begonia with a short stem, slightly oblique, pale green, obovate or spathulate leaves, 3 – 4.5 × 2.3 – 3 cm that have an unequal, slightly cordate base. Due to its rhizomatous stem, threelocular ovary and each locule with an undivided placenta, it is placed in sect. Ridleyella.	en	Yiing, Ling Chea, Sang, Julia, Kiew, Ruth (2018): Begonia species (Begoniaceae) from Gunung Penrissen, Sarawak, Borneo, including two new species and a new subspecies. Phytotaxa 381 (1): 12-21, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.381.1.5
