identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652.text	73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanorivulus proximus	<div><p>Melanorivulus proximus sp. n. Figs 1, 2, Table 1</p><p>Rivulus pictus (non Rivulus pictus Costa, 1989); Costa 1995: 216 (misidentification).</p><p>Rivulus scalaris (non Rivulus scalaris Costa, 2005); Costa 2005: 79 (misidentification).</p><p>Holotype</p><p>UFRJ 11681, male, 27.7 mm SL; Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul state: Cassilândia municipality: stream crossing the road MS-306, Rio Aporé drainage, Rio Paraná Basin, 19°03 ’54” S, 51°49 ’56” W, altitude about 515 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 20 Sep. 2011.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>All from Brazil: Rio Aporé drainage, upper Rio Paraná Basin. Mato Grosso do Sul state: UFRJ 10792, 4 males, 25.6-30.0 mm SL, 1 female, 25.6 mm SL; UFRJ 10793, 1 male, 23.6 mm SL, 1 female, 21.1 mm SL (C&amp;S); collected with holotype. - UFRJ 10788, 6 males, 15.7-27.7 mm SL, 4 females, 24.0-27.4 mm SL; UFRJ 10789, 3 males, 20.9-21.9 mm SL, 2 females, 18.5-20.0 mm SL (C&amp;S); CICCAA 00692, 5 males, 21.9-25.8 mm SL, 5 females, 21.7-25.6 mm SL; Cassilândia municipality: road MS-306, 19°02 ’15” S, 52°01 ’57” W, altitude about 540 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 20 Sep. 2011.- UFRJ 2207, 8 males, 20.2-27.1 mm SL, 12 females, 17.8-35.4 mm SL.; UFRJ 2280, 1 male, 25.9 mm SL, 2 females, 27.9-28.7 mm SL (C&amp;S); Cassilândia municipality: swamp close to Ribeirão Grande, road MS-306, about 30 km SE from the town of Cassilândia, 19°15 ’40” S, 51°30 ’03” W, altitude about 495 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 17 Sep. 1994. Goiás state: UFRJ 10821, 1 male, 27.7 mm SL, 1 female, 22.7 mm SL; UFRJ 10822, 4 males, 15.6-18.4 mm SL, 12 females, 16.2-22.1 mm SL; Itajá municipality: Ribeirão Bagageiro, road GO-302, 19°06 ’17” S, 51°42 ’15” W, altitude about 455 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa, B.B. Costa &amp; C.P. Bove, 15 Jan. 2007.</p><p>Additional material (non-types)</p><p>UFRJ 10819, 12; Brazil: Goiás state: Itajá municipality: road GO-302, 19°05 ’09” S, 51°36 ’27” W, altitude about 440 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 20 Sep. 2011.</p><p>Diagnosis. Melanorivulus proximus is distinguished from all other congeners of the M. pictus group except M. scalaris by the presence of irregularly arranged, interconnected oblique red bars on flank, forming Y- and X-shaped marks. Melanorivulus proximus is distinguished from M. scalaris by: caudal fin base colour pale orangish pink in females (vs. pale yellow); dorsal and anal fin sharply pointed in males (vs. rounded to moderately pointed), dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 9th and 10th (vs. between base of 7th and 8th); longitudinal series of scales 29-30 (vs. 31-34); pre-dorsal length longer in males (75.9-78.4 % SL vs. 73.0-75.0 % SL); longer anal-fin base (21.1-24.7 % SL in males and 18.8-21.4 % SL in females vs. 18.1-21.0 % SL in males and 16.2-18.5 % SL in females); and fewer infraorbital neuromasts around orbit (9-10 vs. 11-12).</p><p>Description</p><p>Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body relatively deep, subcylindrical anteriorly, slightly deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 3-5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 2 + 7-8.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins short, sharply pointed in males, rounded to slightly pointed in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical at about 90 % of length between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between base of 2nd and 3rd anal-fin rays in males, reaching anus in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 9th and 10th anal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin rays 9-11; anal-fin rays 13-15; caudal-fin rays 30-32; pectoral-fin rays 13-14; pelvic-fin rays 7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 18th and 20th vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13th and 14th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30-31.</p><p>Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal, anal and pectoral-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins; transverse row of scales anterior to H-scale. Five supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 29-30; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9-10 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 2-3, paramandibular 1. Lateral line interrupted, alternating sets of 3-4 scales with one neuromast and without neuromasts. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.</p><p>Colouration in life</p><p>Males. Flank metallic greenish blue to bright blue, with narrow oblique red bars between humeral region and posterior portion of caudal peduncle; bars irregularly arranged, forming chevron-like marks with angle varying in position on flank, often connected to short adjacent bars, forming Y- and X-shaped marks; bars with minute vertical extensions on each scale margin; dorsal portion of flank with oblique rows of red dots; anteroventral portion of flank with rows of red dots, often coalesced to form zigzag red marks. Dorsolateral portion of body, between posterior part of head and anterior part of flank, above humeral region, pale golden. Humeral region with horizontally elongated black spot. Dorsum light brown, venter white. Opercular region greenish golden with dark red reticulation on scale margins; suborbital region yellowish white; lower jaw dark grey. Iris pale yellow, with dark brown bar on anterior and posterior portions. Dorsal fin bluish white, sometimes yellowish on distal portion, with 4-5 transverse, narrow faint red or red stripes. Anal fin pale yellow, base and posterior portion bluish white with row of light red dots or short stripes. Caudal fin pale yellow to bluish white, with 5-6 narrow red or reddish orange stripes. Pectoral fin yellowish hyaline. Pelvic fin orangish pale yellow.</p><p>Females. Similar to males, except flank base colour pale greenish golden; dorsal and caudal fin bars dark grey; caudal fin base colour pale orangish pink; and pres ence of black spot on dorsal portion of caudal-fin base and dark grey pigmentation concentrated on distal margins of dorsal and anal fins, anterior margin of pelvic fin and entire caudal-fin margin.</p><p>Colouration in alcohol</p><p>Head and trunk pale brown, fins whitish hyaline; dark marks recorded for live specimens varying from dark brown to black.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Middle section of the Rio Aporé drainage, upper Rio Paraná Basin, central Brazil (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin proximus (near, neighbour), referring to its distribution area at the same drainage as M. scalaris .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costa, Wilson J. E. M.	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F.text	BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanorivulus nigromarginatus	<div><p>Melanorivulus nigromarginatus sp. n. Figs 4, 5, Table 2</p><p>Holotype</p><p>UFRJ 8434, male, 27.6 mm SL; Brazil: Goiás state: Itarumã municipality: Córrego Lajeado, Rio Corrente drainage, upper Rio Paraná Basin, road GO-178, 18°49 ’45” S, 51°22 ’55” W, altitude about 470 m asl; W. J. E. M. Costa et al., 20 Sep. 2011.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>Brazil: Estado de Goiás: Município de Itarumã: all from the Corrente River drainage, upper Paraná River Basin. UFRJ 8436, 5 males, 23.4-24.7 mm SL, 8 females, 23.0-27.7 mm SL; CICCAA 00693, 5 males, 19.4-23.5 mm SL, 5 females, 20.4-24.0 mm SL; UFRJ 8435, 1 male, 23.3 mm SL, 5 females, 22.5-25.4 mm SL (C&amp;S); collected with holotype. - UFRJ 8440, 11 males, 25.4-35.6 mm SL, 7 females, 24.7-30.8 mm SL; UFRJ 8442, 4 males, 27.6-32.9 mm SL, 2 females, 26.6-27.9 mm SL (C&amp;S); Córrego Barreiro, road GO-178, 18°50 ’30” S, 51°23 ’27” W, altitude 498 m; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 15 Jan. 2007. - UFRJ 8439, 2 males, 27.0-30.0 mm SL, 1 female, 25.1 mm SL; same locality as UFRJ 8440; W.J.E.M. Costa et al., 20 Sep. 2011.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Melanorivulus nigromarginatus is similar to M. egens and M. linearis, and distinguished from all other species of the M. pictus group by the presence of a black distal marginal stripe on the anal fin in males (vs. absence). Melanorivulus nigromarginatus is distinguished from M. egens and M. linearis by having melanophores strongly concentrated on the post-orbital and humeral regions, forming a stripe (vs. weakly concentrated, not forming distinct marks); presence of red dots on the anteroventral portion of flank (vs. absence); presence of red bars on most portion of caudal fin in males (vs. bars absent in M. egens and bars restricted to the dorsal portion of the caudal fin in M. linearis); and red chevron-shaped marks irregularly distributed on the flank (vs. regularly). In addition, although not useful to distinguish all specimens, M. nigromarginatus often have more scales in the longitudinal series than M. egens and M. linearis (31-33 vs. 29-31).</p><p>Description</p><p>Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Body relatively deep, sub-cylindrical anteriorly, deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view; dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle nearly straight. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 2-5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins short, tip slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between urogenital papilla and base of 2nd anal-fin ray in male, reaching anus in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 8th and 9th anal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin rays 10-11; anal-fin rays 13-15; caudal-fin rays 31-34; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 6-7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 19th and 21st vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13th and 15th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30-32.</p><p>Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins. Longitudinal series of scales 30-33; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 10-12 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 1, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, pre-opercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1-2, paramandibular 1.</p><p>Colouration</p><p>Males. Flank metallic light green, with narrow oblique red bars between humeral region and posterior portion of caudal peduncle; bars irregularly arranged, forming chevron pattern directed anteriorly, usually fragmented, with angle on flank midline or above it; bars with minute vertical extensions on each scale margin; dorsal portion of flank with oblique rows of red dots; anteroventral portion of flank with rows of red dots. Dorsum light brown, venter white. Side of head light brown on dorsal portion, yellowish white on ventral portion to pale golden on opercle; broad dark grey to black postorbital stripe, continuous to humeral black blotch; lower jaw dark grey. Iris pale yellow, with dark brown bar on anterior and posterior portions. Dorsal fin light yellow, with four to six oblique faint red bars. Anal fin light yellow to orange, basal portion greenish white with five or six orangish red spots, distal margin black. Caudal fin light yellow, with six to eight narrow orangish red bars extending on entire caudal fin, except its ventral-most portion. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin light yellow to orange narrow black margin.</p><p>Females. Similar to males, except flank base colour pale greenish blue; dorsal and caudal fin bars dark grey; caudal fin base colour pale orangish pink; absence of black pigmentation on post-orbital and humeral regions; and presence of black spot on dorsal portion of caudal-fin base and dark grey pigmentation concentrated on distal margins of dorsal and anal fins, anterior margin of pelvic fin and entire caudal-fin margin.</p><p>Colouration in alcohol.</p><p>Head and trunk pale brown, fins whitish hyaline; dark marks recorded for live specimens varying from dark brown to black.</p><p>Distribution and conservation</p><p>Known only from two close small streams in the middle section of the Corrente River drainage, upper Paraná River Basin (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name nigromarginatus (black margin), from the Latin, is a reference to the presence of a black margin on the anal in males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costa, Wilson J. E. M.	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.text	57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanorivulus linearis	<div><p>Melanorivulus linearis sp. n. Figs 6, 7, Table 3</p><p>Holotype</p><p>UFRJ 11678, male, 25.1 mm SL; Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul state: Bandeirantes municipality: Córrego Água Limpa, upper Rio Pardo drainage, Rio Paraná basin, 19°40 ’01” S, 54°18 ’13” W, altitude about 620 m asl; W.J.E.M. Costa, B.B. Costa &amp; C.P. Bove, 12 Jan. 2004.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>UFRJ 11679, 2 males, 27.9-30.1 mm SL, 7 females, 15.8-23.7 mm SL; UFRJ 11680, 2 males, 20.8-26.0 mm SL, 2 females, 19.5-21.1 mm SL (C&amp;S); CICCAA 00694, 2 males, 19.0-27.2 mm SL, 3 females, 19.6-20.5 mm SL; collected with holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Melanorivulus linearis is similar to M. egens, and distinguished from all other species of the M. pictus group by the presence of red chevron-shaped marks regularly distributed on the flank (vs. irregularly), absence of distinctive dark marks on humeral region (vs. presence), and absence of red dots on the anteroventral portion of flank (vs. presence). Melanorivulus linearis is distinguished from M. egens by the presence of red bars restricted to the dorsal portion of the caudal fin in males (vs. absence), presence of black bars on the caudal fin in females (vs. black dots); presence of a pale green spot on humeral region in males (vs. absence); and second proximal radial of the dorsal fin between neural spines of 18th and 19th vertebrae (vs. between neural spines of 19th and 21st vertebrae).</p><p>Description</p><p>Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Body relatively deep, sub-cylindrical anteriorly, deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view; dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle nearly straight. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 3-5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8.</p><p>Dorsal and anal fins short, tip slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between base of 2nd or 3rd anal-fin ray in males, reaching between anus and urogenital papilla in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 8th or 9th anal-fin ray. Dorsal-fin rays 10-11; anal-fin rays 13-15; caudal-fin rays 31-32; pectoral-fin rays 13-14; pelvic-fin rays 7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 18th and 19th vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13th and 15th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30-31.</p><p>Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins. Longitudinal series of scales 29-31; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9-11 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 1-2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, pre-opercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1-2, paramandibular 1.</p><p>Colouration</p><p>Males. Flank metallic greenish blue, sometimes purplish blue above anal fin, with oblique narrow red bars between humeral region and posterior portion of caudal peduncle; bars regularly arranged, forming chevron pattern directed anteriorly, with angle on flank midline or above it; bars with minute vertical extensions on each scale margin; dorsal portion of flank with few red dots; anteroventral portion of flank without red marks; pale green spot on humeral region. Dorsum light brown, venter white. Side of head light brown on dorsal portion, yellowish white on ventral portion to pale golden on opercle; melanophores dispersed, not forming distinct marks on post-orbital region; lower jaw dark grey. Iris pale yellow, sometimes with dark brown bar on anterior and posterior portions. Dorsal fin light yellow, with four to six oblique red bars through whole fin. Anal fin yellowish orange, basal portion purplish white with six or seven short red bars, distal margin black. Caudal fin light yellow, with six to eight narrow red bars extending between dorsal and middle portions of fin; fin margin dark grey. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin light yellow with narrow black margin.</p><p>Females . Similar to males, except flank base colour pale greenish golden; no distinct marks on humeral region; dorsal and caudal fin bars dark grey to black; caudal fin base colour pale white; absence of pale green spot on humeral region; and presence of triangular black spot on dorsal portion of caudal-fin base and dark grey pigmentation concentrated on distal margins of dorsal and anal fins, anterior margin of pelvic fin and entire caudal-fin margin.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality, upper section of the Rio Pardo, middle Rio Paraná Basin, central Brazil (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin, linearis (consisting of lines), an allusion to the red oblique lines regularly arranged on the flank in males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Costa, Wilson J. E. M.	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
