taxonID	type	description	language	source
73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652.taxon	description	Description Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Body relatively deep, subcylindrical anteriorly, slightly deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 3 - 5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 2 + 7 - 8. Dorsal and anal fins short, sharply pointed in males, rounded to slightly pointed in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical at about 90 % of length between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin bases. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between base of 2 nd and 3 rd anal-fin rays in males, reaching anus in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 9 th and 10 th anal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin rays 9 - 11; anal-fin rays 13 - 15; caudal-fin rays 30 - 32; pectoral-fin rays 13 - 14; pelvic-fin rays 7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 18 th and 20 th vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13 th and 14 th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30 - 31. Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal, anal and pectoral-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins; transverse row of scales anterior to H-scale. Five supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 29 - 30; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9 - 10 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 2 - 3, paramandibular 1. Lateral line interrupted, alternating sets of 3 - 4 scales with one neuromast and without neuromasts. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652.taxon	distribution	Distribution Middle section of the Rio Apore drainage, upper Rio Parana Basin, central Brazil (Fig. 3).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
73DB81B0FB2CE76D6C643A328C3EB652.taxon	etymology	Etymology From the Latin proximus (near, neighbour), referring to its distribution area at the same drainage as M. scalaris.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Melanorivulus nigromarginatus is similar to M. egens and M. linearis, and distinguished from all other species of the M. pictus group by the presence of a black distal marginal stripe on the anal fin in males (vs. absence). Melanorivulus nigromarginatus is distinguished from M. egens and M. linearis by having melanophores strongly concentrated on the post-orbital and humeral regions, forming a stripe (vs. weakly concentrated, not forming distinct marks); presence of red dots on the anteroventral portion of flank (vs. absence); presence of red bars on most portion of caudal fin in males (vs. bars absent in M. egens and bars restricted to the dorsal portion of the caudal fin in M. linearis); and red chevron-shaped marks irregularly distributed on the flank (vs. regularly). In addition, although not useful to distinguish all specimens, M. nigromarginatus often have more scales in the longitudinal series than M. egens and M. linearis (31 - 33 vs. 29 - 31).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F.taxon	description	Description Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Body relatively deep, sub-cylindrical anteriorly, deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view; dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle nearly straight. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 2 - 5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8. Dorsal and anal fins short, tip slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between urogenital papilla and base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in male, reaching anus in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical between base of 8 th and 9 th anal-fin rays. Dorsal-fin rays 10 - 11; anal-fin rays 13 - 15; caudal-fin rays 31 - 34; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 6 - 7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 19 th and 21 st vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13 th and 15 th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30 - 32. Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins. Longitudinal series of scales 30 - 33; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 10 - 12 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 1, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, pre-opercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1 - 2, paramandibular 1.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
BBF8AA91FAAE5E31ED758E3FC371242F.taxon	etymology	Etymology The name nigromarginatus (black margin), from the Latin, is a reference to the presence of a black margin on the anal in males.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Melanorivulus linearis is similar to M. egens, and distinguished from all other species of the M. pictus group by the presence of red chevron-shaped marks regularly distributed on the flank (vs. irregularly), absence of distinctive dark marks on humeral region (vs. presence), and absence of red dots on the anteroventral portion of flank (vs. presence). Melanorivulus linearis is distinguished from M. egens by the presence of red bars restricted to the dorsal portion of the caudal fin in males (vs. absence), presence of black bars on the caudal fin in females (vs. black dots); presence of a pale green spot on humeral region in males (vs. absence); and second proximal radial of the dorsal fin between neural spines of 18 th and 19 th vertebrae (vs. between neural spines of 19 th and 21 st vertebrae).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.taxon	description	Description Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Body relatively deep, sub-cylindrical anteriorly, deeper than wide, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth at vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk slightly convex in lateral view; dorsal and ventral profiles of caudal peduncle nearly straight. Head moderately wide, sub-triangular in lateral view, dorsal profile nearly straight, ventral profile convex. Snout blunt. Jaws short; teeth numerous, conical, irregularly arranged; outer teeth hypertrophied, inner teeth small and numerous. Vomerine teeth 3 - 5. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8. Dorsal and anal fins short, tip slightly pointed in males, rounded in females. Caudal fin rounded, slightly longer than deep. Pectoral fin rounded, posterior margin reaching vertical just anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin small, longer in males, tip reaching between base of 2 nd or 3 rd anal-fin ray in males, reaching between anus and urogenital papilla in females; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th anal-fin ray. Dorsal-fin rays 10 - 11; anal-fin rays 13 - 15; caudal-fin rays 31 - 32; pectoral-fin rays 13 - 14; pelvic-fin rays 7. No contact organs on fins. Second proximal radial of dorsal fin between neural spines of 18 th and 19 th vertebrae; first proximal radial of anal fin between pleural ribs of 13 th and 15 th vertebrae; total vertebrae 30 - 31. Scales small, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation E-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular circular pattern around A-scale without exposed margins. Longitudinal series of scales 29 - 31; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. No contact organs on scales. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3 + 3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 9 - 11 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 1 - 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, pre-opercular 2 + 4, mandibular 3 + 1, lateral mandibular 1 - 2, paramandibular 1.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality, upper section of the Rio Pardo, middle Rio Parana Basin, central Brazil (Fig. 3).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
57B9548F05CB8420502110E24E6D1795.taxon	etymology	Etymology From the Latin, linearis (consisting of lines), an allusion to the red oblique lines regularly arranged on the flank in males.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2018): Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the Rio Parana Basin, central Brazilian Cerrado (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 94 (1): 17-27, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.94.21321
