taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C187F70D47FFCEFF32FDAEFE09FE48.taxon	description	Centrura patagonica patagonica Cei (1986: 182 – 183).	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D47FFCEFF32FDAEFE09FE48.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MLP-R. 5441, adult male, collected in rocky outcrops (500 m asl) of Sierra del Castillo in La Juanita farm (45 ° 08 ' 30 " S, 69 ° 10 ' 31 " W), adjacent to Provincial Road 24, at 58 km north of Sarmiento town, Chubut Province, Argentina. Collected by J. A. Scolaro, O. F. Tappari and A. Marcus, 29 November 2008. Paratypes: MLP-R 5442, adult male; MLP-R. 5443, adult female; MLP-R 5444 adult female; JAS-DC 1234 adult male; JAS-DC 1219 adult female. The same data as detailed for the holotype.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D47FFCEFF32FDAEFE09FE48.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name refers to the terra typica where this species is restricted.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D47FFCEFF32FDAEFE09FE48.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Phymaturus castillensis can be distinguished by a peculiar colour pattern similar to the colour patterns observed in females of some species of the patagonicus clade (Fig. 4 a, c). However, from most species, except P. v i d e l a i, P. indistictus and P. patagonicus, P. castillensis is considerably isolated geographically by hundreds of kilometers (Fig. 3). From these three geographically closer species, P. castillensis can be differentiated by its pattern of coloration (Figs. 1, 2, 4) as well as the morphological differences detailed in the previous paragraph. In this new species there are no dichromatic differences between the sexes. The new species is a member of the patagonicus group, distinguished from the flagellifer group in having flat imbricate superciliaries rather than being rectangular and non-overlapping; slightly spiny and non-rugose caudal scales in verticilles (as seen among members of the flagellifer group). However, it has also the subocular scale not fragmented and separated from supralabials by two rows of lorilabials, as in most species of the patagonicus group, but not seen in the majority of members of the flagellifer group.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D47FFCEFF32FDAEFE09FE48.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. A medium-sized lizard; snout-vent length (SVL) 93.0 mm; tail 110.5 mm; head length 19.5 mm; head width 17.3 mm; eye-nose distance 7.0 mm; forelimb length measured from to the insertion of the limb into the body wall to the end of the claw of the fourth finger, 33.3 mm; hind limb length measured from to the insertion of the limb into the body wall to the end of the claw of the fourth toe, 50.8 mm; axilla-groin distance 46.5 mm (50.0 % of SVL); fourth finger length 11.2 mm; fourth toe length 17.0 mm; scales in dorsal head 19; scales around midbody 215; ventral scales between mental and precloacal pores 169; scales between rostral and frontal 14; supralabial scales 9 - 8; infralabial scales 9 - 8; subdigital lamellae on fourth finger 23; subdigital lamellae on fourth toe 28; precloacal pores 11; cephalic scales subpentagonals, smooth; supraorbital semicircles with large bulky scales, rounded, without azygous, incomplete posteriorly on both sides; no distinct rounded supraoculars; 7 – 8 imbricate and enlarged upper ciliaries; subocular scales rectangular, almost irregular but not fragmented, shorter than eye diameter, separated from supralabials by 2 - 2 irregular rows of lorilabials; preocular in contact with first lorilabial row; canthal separated from nasal by two scales; temporals smooth and rounded irregularly coniform, in 8 – 9 scales from auditive opening to the subocular; external auditory meatus enlarged, subellipsoidal longitudinally, with 5 – 6 very protruding or conically enlarged scales on its anterior border; diminute granular scales on posterior border; rostral undivided, wider than higher, separated by one row of medium scales from nasals; nasal large and surrounded by seven small scales; nasals separated by three small irregular scales; nostril rounded and large, over the centre of nasal scale; parietals irregular and rough with evident interparietal, surrounded by eight scales; nuchals strongly conical organized in 12 – 14 irregular rows; post-auricular folds very developed with smooth conical scales; mental subpentagonal shorter than width, but higher than rostral, in contact with six irregular rectangular scales; two rows of 5 – 6 bilateral postmentals decreasing behind; dorsal scales smooth, conics, small and juxtaposed; mid-dorsal scales slightly rounded and smooth, decreasingly smaller and strongly conical toward the flanks; ventro-laterals and ventrals larger than dorsals, almost pentagonal, imbricate and smooth; two gular folds with rounded, small scales; 73 gulars between auditory meatus; caudal scales quadrangular and regularly imbricate in verticiles, proximally large, conical and smooth on dorsum, or slightly keeled, distally more rectangular and strongly keeled; scales on forelimbs subtriangular and smooth in the upper side, granular, rounded and subconical in the under side; scales in hind limbs strongly conical and slightly keeled in the dorsum but larger subpentagonal, imbricate and flat in the under side; in the femoral region, small granular scales in the lower side; infracarpals and infratarsals with round margins, becoming keeled to the base of fingers and toes. Subdigital lamellae of fingers keeled; fourth toe and finger claws very developed, almost 2.5 mm of long. Eleven 11 orange-reddish precloacal glands on the scales of the cloacal region. Coloration. Colour pattern is similar in both sexes. The general pattern is characterized by two longitudinal series of pale-brown spots on a darker brownish dorsal background. These two parallel series of clear spots are conspicuous between the parietal area of the head and the base of the tail, where disappear gradually on the dorsal tail background. On the neck and fore-back, several black scales result in a partially blackish background. Similarly intense black spots are found on the pre- and post-humeral areas. On the ventral surface, the background colour varies from brick-red to intense orange. Colour pictures of males and females are shown in figures 4 a, c, e. Morphological variation. The sample analyzed comprised 16 adult males and 14 adult females (for means and SD see Table 1). Analyses show slight size differences between the sexes, females being larger (in SVL) than males (mean SVL in females = 89.1 mm, range = 81.1 – 94.2 mm, SD = 4.0; mean SVL males = 88.0 mm, range = 78.4 – 93.0, SD = 2.5). Axilla-groin distance in females ranged 42.7 – 52.5 mm (mean = 48.6 mm, SD = 3.6, representing 50.8 – 55.7 % of SVL); in males ranged = 42.4 – 49.7 mm (mean = 46.5; SD = 2.1, representing 49.6 – 56.4 % of SVL). In both sexes, head length ranged 15.4 – 19.7 mm, representing 18.3 – 21.4 % of SVL. Head width ranged 14.2 – 17.3 mm. Eye-nostril distance ranged 5.2 – 7.0 mm. Tail length ranged 99.2 – 113.7 mm, representing 1.18 – 1.30 times of SVL. Forelimb length ranged 29.7 – 36.4 mm. Mean of hindlimb length in males was 49.6 mm, but in females ranged 43.6 – 51.9 mm (mean = 48.4 mm). Scales around midbody ranged 190 – 225 in both sexes combined. Dorsal head scales ranged 18 – 21. Ventrals ranged 152 – 180. Precloacal glands observed only in males, and ranged 8 – 11. Subocular scales fragmented in 1 – 2 parts. Two rows of lorilabials between suboculars and supralabials. Scales surrounding interparietal 6 – 9. Scales contacting mental 4 – 6. Scales between rostral-interparietal 13 – 16. Fourth finger subdigital lamellae number 22 – 25. Fourth toe subdigital lamellae number 23 – 30. Geographic distribution. Phymaturus castillensis is only known from the type locality (Fig. 3). Natural history. The biotope of P. castillensis is located in the arid Patagonic Phytogeographic Province, Central District, Erial subdistrict, in an ecotonal zone with the district of Subarbustive Steppe of the Argentinean Sierra (León et al. 1998). The predominant landscape is characterized by steppes only partially covered (<50 % of the surface) by small bushes and herbaceous coiron vegetation and graminea. In these Patagonian environments, the dominant bush species are Nassauvia ulicina and Chuquiraga aurea, primarily. In the Sierra del Castillo and in the areas of escorial, the predominant vegetations consists primarily of higher bushes (~ 1.70 m) of the species Colliguaya integerrima, and others such as Schinus polygamus, Lycium chilense, Berberis heterophylla, Nardophhyllum obtusifolium, Chuquiraga spp., Verbena ligustrina and scarce graminea grasses such as Stipa spp. and Poa ligularis. Phymaturus castillensis selects rocky microhabitats in areas where other Liolaemidae (Liolaemus elongatus, L. bibroni, L. kingii, L. fitzingeri), Leiosauridae (Diplolaemus bibronii, D. darwinii, Leiosaurus bellii, Pristidactylus nigroiugulus) and Phyllodactylidae (Homonota darwinii) species have been recorded. However, since P. castillensis is restricted to the rocky outcrops, few individuals of these other species can be found in direct coexistence with it. In addition, the colubrid snakes Philodryas patagoniensis and Philodryas trilineata, and the viperid Bothrops ammodytoides, are common elements of the reptile fauna at the same locality, and along with the Leiosaurids, they are likely to predate on the new Phymaturus species. Our field and lab observations reveal that P. castillensis is viviparous, as observed in all the other species of the genus. In captivity, two females gave birth to one and two fully developed offspring early on February 2009 (7 th – 9 th), respectively. In the field, this species is often found eating plants, as also observed in most members of the genus.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D45FFCFFF32FE69FCB7F80B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: MLP-R. 5438, adult male, collected in rocky outcrops (700 masl), near Buen Pasto town, at about 85 km northwest of Sarmiento (45 ° 04 ' 11 " S, 69 ° 25 ' 25 " W), Chubut Province, Argentina. Collected by J. A. Scolaro and O. F. Tappari, 15 November 2008. Paratypes: MLP-R. 5439, adult female; MLP-R. 5440, juvenile female; JAS-DC 1149, adult male; JAS-DC 1146 adult male; JAS-DC 1150, adult female and JAS-DC 1199, juvenile female. All specimens have the same data of collection as the holotype.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D45FFCFFF32FE69FCB7F80B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Argentinean herpetologist Fernando Videla, who, for many years, accompanied José M. Cei in the field. They both conducted field research in several previously unexplored regions of the Argentinean Andes. As a result, he has made important contributions to the knowledge and diffusion of the herpetofauna of Argentina. We suggest the vernacular English name “ Videla rockys’ lizard ” and the Spanish name “ Lagarto de Videla ” for this species.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D45FFCFFF32FE69FCB7F80B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As in many other species of the patagonicus clade, Phymaturus videlai can be distinguished from other species of this lineage by features of the colour pattern and the geographical distribution (Figs. 1 – 4). The coloration of this species is characterized by irregular and small blackish spots spread over the dorsal surface, whose fusion results in a peculiar pattern. This pattern exhibits moderate sexual differences that, remarkably, can also be observed among juveniles, which suggests that sexual dichromatism might not necessarily be a secondary sexual trait in this species. From most species of the patagonicus clade, except P. castillentis, P. indistictus and P. patagonicus, P. v i d e l a i is strongly isolated geographically, as shown in map of figure 3. From these three geographically related species, P. v i d e l a i can be distinguished by the coloration features described below (Figs. 1, 2, 4), and by divergence in morphological traits detailed in the first part of the results section above. The species is a member of the patagonicus group of the genus.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
03C187F70D45FFCFFF32FE69FCB7F80B.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. A medium-sized lizard; snout-vent length (SVL) 91.4 mm; tail 100.1 mm; head length 18.5 mm; head width 16.4 mm; eye-nose distance 6.1 mm; forelimb length 33.3 mm; hindlimb length 45.7 mm; axilla-groin distance 50.3 mm (55.0 % of SVL); fourth finger length 10.1 mm; fourth toe length 13.3 mm; scales in dorsal surface of the head 20; scales around midbody 206; ventral scales between mental and precloacal pores 163; scales between rostral and frontal 15; supralabial scales 9 - 8; infralabial scales 8 - 9; subdigital lamellae on fourth finger 24; subdigital lamellae on fourth toe 30; precloacal pores 10; cephalic scales granular and rounded, almost smooth; supraorbital semicircles with large bulky scales, with a small subpentagonal and rounded azygous; no distinct enlarged supraoculars; eight imbricate upper ciliar scales; subocular fragmented in 3 - 3 almost rectangular scales, slightly shorter than eye diameter, separated from supralabials by 2 – 3 irregular rows of lorilabials; preocular separated from lorilabial row by two scales; temporals smooth irregularly quadrangular, in 11 – 12 rows from auditive opening to the subocular; external auditory meatus enlarged, almost ellipsoidal transversally, without enlarged scales on its anterior border and with tiny granular scales on the posterior border; rostral wider than high, separated by one small scales from each nasal; nasal scale with a big central nostril, surrounded by eight small scales; nasals separated by four small irregular scales; parietals irregular and smooth with evident interparietal, surrounded by nine scales; nuchals granular in 5 – 6 irregular rows; post-auricular folds evident with interposed transversal folds with round, smooth and almost granular scales; mental subpentagonal of almost similar wide, but higher than rostral, surrounded by six irregular rectangular scales; two rows of 7 – 8 bilateral postmentals decreasing behind; dorsal scales small, round and juxtaposed; middorsal scales slightly enlarged decreasing smaller and granular toward ventro-laterals; ventrals larger than dorsals, almost pentagonals, imbricate and smooth; two gular folds with rounded, smaller scales; 75 gulars between auditory meatus; caudal scales quadrangular regularly imbricate in verticiles, on dorsum, proximally larger and smooth, centrally keeled or spined, distally more rectangular and completely keeled, but ventrally slightly keeled; scales in forelimbs round and smooth in the upper side, triangular slightly spined in the lateral region, granular and rounded in the lower side; on the hindlimbs scales are dorsally slightly spined, subtriangular, smooth and bifid towards lateral region, larger imbricate and flat in the lower side; infracarpals and infratarsals with round margins, becoming trifid at the base of the fingers and toes. Subdigital lamellae of fingers keeled; strongly curved, long claws (> 3 mm). Orange precloacal glands. Coloration. Coloration in P. v i d e l a i is characterized by an irregular pattern of black or blackish-brown small spots spread over the dorsal surface, on a pale-brown background. The fusion of many of these spots often creates larger blackish spots with a variety of shapes. Often, these spots fuse to form black asterisks on the back of the neck and head. The patterns of fusion are also highly variable, sometimes forming series of small longitudinal stripes on the middle zone of the back, sometimes forming irregular and slightly transversal stripes, and sometimes appearing more intensely fused on the sides of the body and on the vertebral area, which creates the effect of two poorly delimited longitudinal and parallel pale-brown stripes extended from the head to the base of the tale. Sexual dichromatism is visible, although not remarkable as seen in other species of the group. Interestingly, juveniles can show signals of sexual dichromatism, as seen in adults. On the ventral surface, there is intense orange pigmentation, from the ventral neck to the tail, including hindlimbs as well. Figure 4 (b, d, f) shows colour patterns of both sexes in this species. Morphological variation. The sample analysed comprises 4 adult males, 4 adult females, and 4 juveniles (1 male, 3 females). Because of the small sample analyzed, we only provide preliminary information on the magnitude of morphological variation observed in this species. There are slight differences in body size between the sexes, females being larger than males in SVL (mean SVL in females = 82.1 mm, range = 75.2 – 94.9 mm, SD = 11.1; mean SVL males = 91.1 mm, range = 89.5 – 92.3, SD = 1.43). Axilla-groin distance also differs between sexes, being longer in females, as would be expected. Variation in other traits is as follows: head length = 15.2 – 19.1 mm, representing 20.2 – 21 % of SVL; head width = 13.1 – 16.4 mm, representing 17.2 – 17.9 % of SVL; tail length = 79.1 – 105.2 mm, representing 1.05 – 1.10 times of SVL; forelimb length = 28.1 – 33.9 mm, representing 35.7 – 36.8 % of SVL; hindlimb length = 38.7 – 45.7 mm, representing 50.0 – 51.5 % of SVL; axilla-groin distance in females = 43.2 – 55.3 mm, representing 54.8 – 58.3 % of SVL; axilla-groin distance in males = 43.4 – 50.3 mm, 55.0 – 56.8 % of SVL. Variation in meristic traits ranged as follows (means and SD in Table 1): scales around midbody 192 – 220, dorsal head scales 17 – 21, ventrals 152 – 164, precloacal pores 9 – 14 (restricted to males), subocular scales fragmented in 2 – 4 units, scales surrounding interparietal 8 – 10, scales contacting mental 6, scales between rostral-interparietal 13 – 16 (see Table 1 for additional details on variation). Geographic distribution. Phymaturus videlai is known from the type locality (Fig. 3). Natural history. Phymaturus videlai occurs in isolated rocky outcrops, at elevations over 700 m. The physiognomy of the geographical zone where this species is found shows highlands of basaltic origin with abundant gravel and effusive rocks strongly eroded. The dominant landscape is the barren steppe, with shrubby, low herbaceous coverage, and with high percentage of bare soil. The biotope is similar to that described above in the Natural History of P. castillensis. The dominant vegetation is composed by low shrubby, cushion bushes and sparse large clumps, but with more abundant presence of a mean cushion-grass steppe (Stipa papposa “ coirón ”, Poa ligularis “ coirón poa ”) (León et al. 1998). Even though the ecology of this species remains largely unknown, preliminary field observations revealed that, as recorded in the rest of the species of the genus Phymaturus, P. v i d e l a i is predominantly herbivorous. The reproduction of P. v i d e l a i is viviparous; we observed two captive females giving birth to two fully developed offspring each, early on February 2009. Other reptile species coexisting with Phymaturus videlai are the same mentioned above for the previous species.	en	Scolaro, José Alejandro, Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel (2010): Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina. Zootaxa 2393: 17-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275861
