identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C187F2CF7FFFCDFEF8F5B192BBD25B.text	03C187F2CF7FFFCDFEF8F5B192BBD25B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Percnobracon Kieffer & Jorgensen	<div><p>Percnobracon Kieffer &amp; Jörgensen</p> <p>Percnobracon Kieffer &amp; Jörgensen 1910: 436; Belokobylskij 1993: 134. Percnobracon Kieffer; Muesebeck 1958: 460; Marsh 2002: 173.</p> <p>Percnobracon Jörgensen &amp; Kieffer; De Santis 1967: 46.</p> <p>Type species: Percnobracon stenopterus Kieffer &amp; Jörgensen, by monotypy</p> <p>Diagnosis: The genus can be distinguished easily from other doryctine genera by the following combination of characters: Forewing infuscate with two hialyne transverse bands, vein r­m absent, vein (RS+M)b longer than 2RS, metasoma petiolated, basal sternal plate 0.50 to 0.70 times as long as metasomal tergum I; associated with galls or seed pods.</p> <p>Description: Body length 1.2–3.3 mm; oral opening small, about the same length of malar space to slightly shorter; malar space 0.4–0.9 times eye height; 13–21 antennomeres; occipital carina meeting hypostomal carina; face rugulose; frons, temples and vertex striate; pronotal collar indistinct, pronotal groove scrobiculate; mesoscutum trapezoidal, rounded to strongly angled anteriorly; notauli present anteriorly and scrobiculate, sometimes obscured by mesonotal sculpture; mesoscutum with a median longitudinal carina posteriorly; sternaulus smooth or scrobiculate; scutellum strongly convex and somewhat compressed laterally; propodeum with two pairs of longitudinal dorso­lateral carinae enclosing propodeal spiracles and rugose­areolate areas; basal and apical faces of propodeum distinct; forewing infuscated with two hyaline transverse bands, vein (RS+M)b distinctly longer than 2RS, C+Sc+R with a row of thick and erect dark setae; hind wing completely hyaline, veins cu­a and SC+R absent; males macropterous or brachypterous; hind coxa without basal tooth or tubercle; femora slightly swollen; metasoma petiolate, basal sternal plate 0.50 to 0.70 times as long as tergum I; tergum I with a smooth and shiny anterior area distinctly separated from posterior costate­rugose dorsal surface; ovipositor sheath 0.4 to1.2 times as long as metasoma.</p> <p>Distribution: Neotropical. Argentina, Costa Rica and Peru. Marsh (1997; 2002) also mentions the genus for Mexico and Uruguay, although no references are provided.</p> <p>Comments: There has been some confusion around the authorship of the genus. In the original description Jörgensen is mentioned as the collector of all the specimens, but it is not specifically stated that the description should be attributed only to Kieffer (Kieffer &amp; Jörgensen 1910). Jörgensen (1916; 1917) published a translation of the original publication in which he stated “Galls from Mendoza are described in Gallen und Gallentiere aus Argentinien by Prof. Kieffer (Bitsch) and Prof. Jörgensen (Buenos Aires), published in Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten... All material has been collected by me, meanwhile descriptions belong to Dr. Kieffer”, but in subsequent pages he used both names for authorship when referring to each species. De Santis (1967) inverted the order of authors and attributed all the species to Jörgensen and Kieffer. Muesebeck (1958) and Marsh (2002) attributed the genus only to Kieffer.</p> <p>In this paper the genus is attributed to Kieffer and Jörgensen since in the original description it is not explicit that it should be done otherwise. This criterion has been followed by Belokobylskij (1993) in his tribal classification of world Doryctinae, and by other authors when dealing with taxa described in Kieffer and Jörgensen publication: Cynipidae (Díaz 1980; Loiácono &amp; Díaz 2004), Cecidomyiidae (Gagné 1994; 2004) and other braconids, such as Cecidospathius and Cecidobracon (Wharton et al. 1997).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187F2CF7FFFCDFEF8F5B192BBD25B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martinez, Juan José	Martinez, Juan José (2006): Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls. Zootaxa 1282: 49-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
03C187F2CF7CFFCCFEF8F4D3935BD5AB.text	03C187F2CF7CFFCCFEF8F4D3935BD5AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Percnobracon	<div><p>Key to the known species of Percnobracon</p> <p>1 Mesoscutum rounded anteriorly in lateral view...... P. stenopterus Kieffer &amp; Jörgensen</p> <p>1’ Mesoscutum strongly angled anteriorly in lateral view (Figs. 4, 9, 13)........................ 2</p> <p>2 Head 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as high (Fig. 13); mesoscutum mostly coriareous; metasomal tergum I triangular in lateral view, with smooth anterior area almost half as long as the segment and narrowing apicaly (Fig. 12)................................................... 3</p> <p>2’ Head 0.70 to 0.85 times as long as high (Figs. 4, 9), usually length/height 0.75 or more; mesoscutum coarsely coriareous to rugulose; tergum I not triangular in lateral view, smooth area distinctly shorter than half the length of the segment and not narrowing apically (Figs. 3, 8)........................................................................................... 4</p> <p>3 Ovipositor sheaths about 1.2 times the length of metasoma..... P. secundus Muesebeck</p> <p>3’ Ovipositor sheaths 0.40 to 0.60 times the length of metasoma (Fig. 13)....................................................................................................................................... P. witru sp. nov.</p> <p>4 Mesoscutum 0.70 to 0.80 times as long as wide(Fig. 7); propodeum rugose medially (Fig. 8); forewing vein 2RS at most 0.30 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 5), usually much shorter; associated with eurytomid galls................................. P. rugosus sp. nov.</p> <p>4’ Mesoscutum 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide(Fig. 2); propodeum smooth medially only with a few poorly indicated carinae (Fig. 3); forewing vein 2RS 0.40 to 0.50 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 1); associated with cecidomyiid galls............................................................................................................................... P. pampeanus sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187F2CF7CFFCCFEF8F4D3935BD5AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martinez, Juan José	Martinez, Juan José (2006): Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls. Zootaxa 1282: 49-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
03C187F2CF7DFFCBFEF8F3E394E5D2BC.text	03C187F2CF7DFFCBFEF8F3E394E5D2BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Percnobracon pampeanus Martinez	<div><p>Percnobracon pampeanus Martinez, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–4)</p> <p>Diagnosis: Head 0.75 to 0.80 times as long as high; mesoscutum stronlgy angled in lateral view, 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide; notauli mostly obscured by sculpturing; propodeum smooth medially with a few poolry idicated carinae; forewing vein 2RS 0.40 to 0.50 times as long as vein (RS+M)b.</p> <p>Female. Body length: 1.7–2.2 mm.</p> <p>Colour: Dark reddish brown, base of antenna, face, mouthparts, trochantelli and tarsomeres I to IV lighter, telotarsi distinctly darker. Forewing infuscate with hyaline patterns as in figure 1, hind wing hyaline.</p> <p>Head: 14 to 16 antennomeres; head 0.75 to 0.80 times as long as high; face rugulose; vertex and temple strigate, oral opening small, maximum diameter 0.6 to 0.8 times the lenght of malar space, eye relatively small, malar space 0.50 to 0.60 times eye height.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Mostly coarsely coriaceous to rugulose, 0.60 to 0.70 times as high as long. Pronotum with a transverse scrobiculate groove. Mesoscutum strongly angled anteriorly, completely covering pronotum dorsally. Mesoscutum 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as wide (Fig. 2), with a posteromedian carina, notauli obscured by sculpturing, represented only by a few hollows anteriorly. Scutellum strongly convex and somewhat smoother than mesoscutum. Propodeum mostly smooth medially, only with weak carinae (Fig. 3). Forewing with vein 2RS 0.4–0.5 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Metasoma: Tergum I with smooth area distinctly shorter than half the length of the segment (Fig. 3), terga II and III weakly striate, remainder of terga coriaceous basally and smooth apically. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 to 0.7 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 4)</p> <p>Male: Unknown. One male, fully winged, collected by sweeping the branches of Prosopis caldenia, may represent the male of Percnobracon pampeanus. Has similar wing venation and propodeum structure to female, but proportions of mesoscutum are similar to those of P. rugosus.</p> <p>Biology: Reared from galls of Dasineurini (Cecidomyiidae) on P. c a l d e n i a.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name derives from the spanish gentilitious adjective “ pampeano” in reference to the known distribution of this species.</p> <p>Distribution: La Pampa, Argentina.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype female — ARGENTINA: La Pampa, Santa Rosa, 1/IV/ 2005, from galls of Dasineurini on P. c a l d e n i a, Martinez (MACN). Paratypes — ARGE NTINA: 3 females, same data as holotype (MACN, one specimen at IFML); La Pampa, Santa Rosa: 2 females, 16/IX/2004, from galls of Dasineurini on P. caldenia, Martinez (MACN, one specimen at IFML).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187F2CF7DFFCBFEF8F3E394E5D2BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martinez, Juan José	Martinez, Juan José (2006): Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls. Zootaxa 1282: 49-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
03C187F2CF7AFFC9FEF8F4F99532D40B.text	03C187F2CF7AFFC9FEF8F4F99532D40B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Percnobracon rugosus Martinez	<div><p>Percnobracon rugosus Martinez, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 5–9)</p> <p>Diagnosis: Head 0.75 to 0.85 times as long as high; mesoscutum stronlgy angled in lateral view, 0.70 to 0.80 times as long as wide; notauli mostly obscured by sculpturing; propodeum rugose­areolate medially; forewing vein 2RS at most 0.30 times as long as vein (RS+M)b; males brachypterous.</p> <p>Female. Body length: 1.2–2.3 mm.</p> <p>Colour: Dark reddish brown, base of antenna, face, mouthparts, trochantelli and tarsomeres I to IV lighter, telotarsi distinctly darker. Forewing infuscated with hyaline patterns as in figure 5, hind wing hyaline. Some specimens tend to be uniformly darker.</p> <p>Head: 13 to 18 antennomeres; head 0.75 to 0.85 times as long as high; face rugulose; vertex and temple strigate; oral opening small, its maximum diameter 0.60 to 1.00 times the length of malar space, eye relatively small, malar space 0.60 to 0.90 times eye height.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Mostly coarsely coriaceous, 0.60 to 0.70 times as high as long. Pronotum with a transverse scrobiculate groove. Anterior margin of mesoscutum strongly angled anteriorly, completely covering pronotum dorsally. Mesoscutum 0.70 to 0.80 times as long as wide(Fig. 7), with a posteromedian carina, notaulus obscured by sculpture, represented only by a few hollows anteriorly. Scutellum strongly convex and somewhat smoother than mesoscutum. Basal face of propodeum areolate­rugose medially and appically (Fig. 8). Forewing with vein 2RS at most 0.30 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 5), usually much shorter, sometimes 2RS almost indistinguishable between 3RS and 2M.</p> <p>Metasoma: Tergum I with smooth area clearly shorter than half the length of the segment, and not tapering appically (Fig. 8). Terga II and III striate, remainder of terga coriaceous basally and smooth apically. Ovipositor sheath 0.40 to 0.60 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Male: Brachypterous, forewing only with veins C+SC+R, M+CU and 1–1A recognisable (Fig. 6), other characters similar to female.</p> <p>Biology: This species has been reared from eurytomid galls on spiny stipules of Prosopis caldenia. Galls are very common in young specimens of P. c a l d e n i a, when spiny stipules are well developed; they are very rare in older and less thorny trees. Adults of this species were observed on the branches of P. caldenia during spring.</p> <p>Etymology: The name rugosus refers to the medially areolate­rugose propodeum.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from La Pampa province, Argentina.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype female — ARGENTINA: La Pampa, 10 km N of Santa Rosa, 23/XI/2004 (MACN). Paratypes— ARGENTINA: 1 male, same data as holotype (MACN); La Pampa, Santa Rosa: 3 females, 3 males, 2/X/2004, from galls of Eurytomidae on Prosopis caldenia, Martinez (MACN, one male and one female at IFML); 1 female, 15/VIII/2004, from galls of Eurytomidae on Prosopis caldenia, Martinez (MACN); 1 female, 3 males, 24/X/2004, Martinez (MACN); 8 females, 2 males, 29/X/ 2004, Martinez (MACN, one male and one female at IFML); La Pampa, Ing. Luiggi: 1 female, 1 male, 12/XII/2004, Gorordo (MACN).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187F2CF7AFFC9FEF8F4F99532D40B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martinez, Juan José	Martinez, Juan José (2006): Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls. Zootaxa 1282: 49-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
03C187F2CF78FFC8FEF8F28392B4D40B.text	03C187F2CF78FFC8FEF8F28392B4D40B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Percnobracon witru Martinez	<div><p>Percnobracon witru Martinez, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 10–13)</p> <p>Diagnosis: Head 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as high; mesoscutum stronlgy angled in lateral view, 0.60 to 0.70 times as long as wide, mostly coriaceous; notauli very weakly indicated posteriorly; propodeum mostly smooth medially with some carienae; forewing vein 2RS at most 0.25 times as long as vein (RS+M)b.</p> <p>Female. Body length: 1.9–2.7 mm.</p> <p>Colour: Dark reddish brown, base of antenna, face, mouthparts and tarsomeres I to IV lighter, telotarsus darker. Forewing infuscated with hyaline patterns as in figure 10, hind wing hyaline. In some specimens metasomal tergum I and base of tergum II are lighter than remainder of metasoma.</p> <p>Head: 15 to 18 antennomeres; head 0.65 to 0.70 times as long as high; face rugulose; vertex and temple strigate, orbit scrobiculate, oral opening small, its maximum diameter 0.80 to 1 times the lenght of malar space, malar space 0.40 to 0.50 times eye height.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Mostly coriareous, 0.60 to 0.70 times as high as long. Pronotum with a transverse scrobiculate groove. Anterior margin of mesoscutum strongly angled, completely covering pronotum dorsally. Mesoscutum 0.60 to 0.70 times as long as wide (Fig. 11), with a posteromedian carina, notaulus scrobiculate anteriorly and poorly indicated posteriorly. Scutellum strongly convex. Propodeum mostly smooth except for lateral areas and very weak carinae between basal and apical faces (Fig. 12). Forewing with vein 2RS at most 0.25 times as long as (RS+M)b (Fig. 10), ussually much shorter.</p> <p>Metasoma: Tergum I with a smooth anterior area about half as long as the segment and slightly narrowed appically (Fig. 12), spiracular tubercles conspicuous. Terga II and III finely striate, remainder of metasomal terga coriaceous basally and smooth apically.</p> <p>Ovipositor sheath 0.40 to 0.70 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 13).</p> <p>Male: Similar to female.</p> <p>Biology: Unknown. Specimens examined were always collected by sweeping the branches of Prosopis caldenia but this species did not emerge from any of the five different galls collected from P. caldenia.</p> <p>Etymology: The term witru is the native name of Prosopis caldenia, in reference to the strong association between both species.</p> <p>Distribution: La Pampa, Argentina.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype female — ARGENTINA: La Pampa, 10 km. N of Santa Rosa, 6/IV/2004, 1 female Martinez (MACN). Paratypes — ARGENTINA: La Pampa Reserva Prov. Parque Luro: 1 female, 1 male, 23/I/2003, Martinez (female at MACN, male at IFML); 1 male, 1/II/2003, Martinez (MACN); 3 females, 1/III/2003, Martinez (MACN, one female at IFML); La Pampa, Toay: 1 female, 17/IV/2004, Martinez (MACN); La Pampa, 10 km N Santa Rosa: 2 females, 1 male, 23/XI/2004, Martinez (MACN).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187F2CF78FFC8FEF8F28392B4D40B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martinez, Juan José	Martinez, Juan José (2006): Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls. Zootaxa 1282: 49-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173438
