identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.text	03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia ramsayi	<div><p>Crotonia ramsayi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2 a, 7a)</p><p>Dimensions. Holotype female length 1366 Μm, breadth 656 Μm; paratype females (n = 8) mean length 1387 Μm (range 1303–1449 Μm); mean breadth 712 Μm (range 600–782 Μm); paratype males (n = 8) mean length 1167 Μm (range 1130–1212 Μm), mean breadth 554 (range 498–581 Μm). Ratio of length of prodorsum to total length: 0.27 (holotype).</p><p>Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent, lateral edges incurved; rostral setae (ro) 30 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 1 a). Lamellar setae (le) 248 Μm, recurved, smooth. Lamellar apophyses 79 Μm long, straight, tubular, more-or-less parallel, less than half as long as mutual distance; extending anteriorly as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 266 Μm long, slender, smooth, flagelliform, extending anteriorly just beyond apices of lamellar apophyses. Prodorsal ridges short (42 Μm), barely developed. Diameter of bothridium 46 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge relatively narrow, with three blunt projections anteriorly, blunt lateral spine and posterior projection (Fig. 7 a); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with well-developed ridges and with point of origin near lateral margin. Interbothridial ridge a faint shallow curve without median invagination. Median field of muscle sigilla present. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose.</p><p>Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.48; broadest between bases of setae cp and e 2 (Fig. 1 a). Dorsosejugal suture simple, incomplete, with sparse tubercles. With 13 pairs of smooth notogastral setae. Pre-notogastral shield broader than notogastral shield, with rounded lateral margins; waisted at junction with notogastral shield, junction marked by transverse hyaline strip bearing long (441 Μm), flagelliform setae c 1 on well-developed tubercles. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 33 Μm, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 382 Μm long, recurved. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield elongated with slightly convex lateral margins, porose medially; bordered laterally by narrow strips of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) well developed, thin, bearing squat tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 2, extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. With narrow, porose strip lateral of hyaline strip bearing lyrifissure im, extending from posterior of seta cp to lyrifissure ip; lateral notogastral plates tuberculate. Setae cp, e 2 and f 2 short, curved, sub-equal in length (36–48 Μm). Setae d 2 short (37 Μm), thin, straight, setiform; bases 109 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, not on medial stalk; apophyses of seta h 2 longest, parallel, directed posteriorly, apices slightly bulbous (Fig. 2 a); caudal margin between them transverse. Apophysis of setae f 1 directed posteriodorsally, h 1 directed posteriorly; apophyses short, parallel, slightly bulbous, adjacent, emerging from caudal margin dorsal of apophyses of setae h 2. Apophyses of setae h 3 subequal to those of f 1 and h 1; anterior, ventral and lateral of them. Setae f 1 66 Μm long, flagelliform; h 1 42 Μm long, setiform; h 2 60 Μm long, spiniform, sparingly barbed; h 3 33 Μm long, setiform.</p><p>Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 1 b); epimeral setae except 4b smooth, thin, setiform, 27–36 Μm long; formula 3- 1-3-3; seta 4b longer than others (62 Μm), spiniform, 3c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight, posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 217 Μm long, 121 Μm broad, with eight thin, setiform setae, 24–36 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, subequal in length to genital setae. Anal plate 314 Μm long, 48 Μm broad, with three thin, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thin, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates V-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, thin, setiform, p 3 25 Μm, p 2 23 Μm, p 1 48 Μm, on short tubercles; setae p 1 separated by distance 3´width of their tubercles (Fig. 1 b).</p><p>Type designation, material examined and locality data. Holotype female, eight paratype females, eight paratype males, Coprosoma cyanthoides litter, Dun Mountain Track, Nelson, 41°19'S 173°19'E, 610 m., coll. G.W. Ramsay, 7.iii.1972. Holotype and paratypes deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of its collector, Graeme W. Ramsay.</p><p>Remarks. Crotonia ramsayi sp. nov. can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the prominent naso; 2) the thin, parallel lamellar apophyses, extending beyond the rostral setae; 3) the bothridial ridge with several blunt projections; 4) the broad pre-notogastral shield, waisted at its junction with notogastral shield and separated by a transverse hyaline strip; 5) the two pairs of very long, smooth c setae; 6) the smooth lateral notogastral setae, sub-equal in length, 7) the relatively narrow notogastral plate, with marginal rows of tubercles and bounded by a thin hyaline strip with a broader strip laterally; 8) the bilateral caudal apophyseal cluster, joined basally, with smooth setae; 9) the apically bulbous apophysis of seta h 2; 10) the long spiniform epimeral seta 4b; 11) the eight pairs of thin genital setae.</p><p>Crotonia ramsayi sp. nov. is a member of the Unguifera species-group. It is morphologically most similar to C. unguifera (cf. below) with which it shares the prominent naso, the transverse hyaline strip separating the narrow notogastral shield from the broader pre-notogastral shield, waisted at the junction; the flagelliform c setae and the short, bilateral caudal apophyseal cluster. It differs in that the lamellar and caudal setae are smooth rather than barbed; the bothridial ridge is angled and with several blunt projections, rather than being rounded and crenellated; the lateral notogastral setae are sub-equal in length, rather than with cp considerably longer than the others and apophyses of setae f 1 are not joined to those of h 1, point posteriodorsally, are medial of those of h 2, rather than pointing dorsolaterally and positioned lateral of apophyses of h 2. The notogastral plate of C. ramsayi is narrow with convex margins, whereas in C. unguifera the margins are more-or-less parallel. Also, setae 4b of C. ramsayi are much longer and thicker than those of C. unguifera and the genital setae are thin and setiform, rather than thick and spiniform and setae p 1 are smooth and closer together.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC.text	03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia unguifera (Michael 1908) Michael 1908	<div><p>Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908)</p><p>(Figs. 2 b, 3, 7b)</p><p>Nothrus unguifera Michael, 1908, p. 144, Pl. 19, Figs. 11 –15.</p><p>Acronothrus zealandicus Ramsay, 1958, p. 76, Pl. 5, Figs. 1–10 nomen nudum. Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908):— Wallwork 1977b, p. 520, Figs. 8–9. Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908):— Luxton 1985, p. 30.</p><p>Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908):—Łochyńska 2008, p. 825.</p><p>Crotonia unguifera (Michael, 1908):— Colloff 2010b, p. 14.</p><p>Dimensions. Females: mean length (n = 6) 1697 Μm (range 1600–1817 Μm); mean breadth 913 Μm (range 820– 1024 Μm). Males: mean length (n = 13) 1371 Μm (range 1285–1496 Μm); mean breadth 736 Μm (range 653–805 Μm). Mean ratio of length of prodorsum to total length: 0.29.</p><p>Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent; rostral setae (ro) 53 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 3 a). Lamellar seta (le) 219 Μm, recurved, sparingly barbed. Lamellar apophysis 120 Μm long, straight, tubular, more-orless parallel, almost as long as mutual distance; extending anteriorly as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophysis twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 418 Μm long, slender, sparingly barbed or smooth, flagelliform, extending anteriorly beyond apex of curve of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges not apparent. Diameter of bothridium 55 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge broadly convex, irregular, with a median fovea and crenellated ridges (Fig. 7 b); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with well-developed ridges and with point of origin near lateral margin. Inter-bothridial ridge and median field of muscle sigilla not apparent. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose.</p><p>Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.35; broadest at level of bases of setae e 2 (Fig. 3 a). With 13 pairs of notogastral setae; lateral ones smooth, caudal ones barbed. Dorsosejugal suture simple, slightly convex, complete. Pre-notogastral shield broader than notogastral shield, with rounded lateral margins; waisted at junction with notogastral shield marked by transverse hyaline strip bearing apically-flagelliform seta c 1 (113 Μm long) on welldeveloped tubercles. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 40 Μm long, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 485 Μm long, recurved. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield elongated with margins more-or-less parallel, with minute foveolae medially; bordered laterally by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) narrow, bearing squat tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 2, extending posteriorly beyond lyrifissure ip. With narrow, porose strip lateral of hyaline strip bearing lyrifissure im, extending from posterior of seta cp to lyrifissure ip; lateral notogastral plates porose. Setae e 2 and f 2 short, curved, sub-equal in length (53–60 Μm); seta cp much longer (120 Μm). Setae d 2 very short (33 Μm), curved, setiform; bases 106 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned just anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, not on medial stalk (Fig. 2 b); apophysis of seta h 2 slightly longer than others, parallel, directed posteriorly, slightly waisted; caudal margin between them convex. Apophysis of seta f 1 short, directed vertically (Fig. 2 b); base of apophysis of seta h 1 fused with lateral surface of apophysis of seta f 1, sub-equal in length, slightly bulbous basally, directed posteriolaterally, emerging from caudal margin dorsal and lateral of apophyses of setae h 2. Apophyses of setae h 3 slightly shorter than others, positioned ventral and lateral of them. All caudal setae barbed; f 1 83 Μm long, setiform; h 1 83 Μm, h 2 50 Μm, h 3 66 Μm.</p><p>Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 3 b); epimeral setae smooth, thick, spiniform, 33–46 Μm long; formula 3-1-3-3; seta 3a and 4b sub-equal in length, slightly longer than others (60 Μm); 3c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 305 Μm long, 153 Μm broad, with eight thick, setiform setae, 43–54 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, shorter than genital setae. Anal plate 412 Μm long, 63 Μm broad, with three thick, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thick, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates U-shaped. Setae p 2-3 smooth, curved, setiform, 47 Μm long, p 1 barbed, 66 Μm long, on short tubercles, separated by distance 6 × width of their tubercles (Fig. 3 b).</p><p>Material Examined and Locality Data. four females, 13 males, salt meadow, North Brother Island, Cook Strait, 41°7'S, 174°27' E, 10 m., coll. G.W. Ramsay, 12–19.v.1956. Three females, three males, Chionchloa sp., beating [foliage], Dun Mountain Track, Nelson, 41°19'S 173°24'E, 610 m., coll. G.W. Ramsay, 7.iii.1972. Soil site, Wharekaka [Martinborough], Wairarapa, 41°13'S 175°28'E, 20 m., coll. M. Luxton, 22.iv.1965. Twelve adults, beating, Kelceys [Kelsey’s] Bush, Waimate, 44°45'S 171°0'E, 175 m., coll. G.W. Ramsay, 20.i.1966.</p><p>Remarks. Crotonia unguifera can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the sparingly barbed c series setae; 2) setae cp are twice the length of setae e 2 and f 2; 3) the lateral margins of the notogastral plate have a line of tubercles; 4) the suprapleural scissure extending posteriorly to a point between lyrifissure ip and caudal apophyses; 5) the barbed caudal setae on bilateral apophyses arising from hysterosoma, not on a caudal stalk; 6) the caudal apophyses of seta h 1 emerging laterally from dorsally-directed apophysis of seta f 1; 7) setae p 2–3 are smooth, p 1 is barbed; 8) the aggenital region is tuberculate; 9) epimeral setae 3a and 4b are longer than the other epimeral setae.</p><p>Crotonia unguifera is most closely related to C. ramsayi sp. nov. (cf. Remarks for that species above). Wallwork (1977b) designated a lectotype of Crotonia unguifera and redescribed the species. Michael’s (1908) description contains no figures. Wallwork (1977b) commented on the limitations of his redescription due to the poor optical properties of Michael’s preparations: “The use of Balsam mountant prevents the clear definition of many of the body setae which are pale in colour, in any case. The raised cover slip does not permit the use of oil immersion.” Consequently, Wallwork (1977b; his Fig. 8) illustrated the prodorsal setae much shorter than they really are, and setae le as smooth rather than barbed. The lectotype has lost both setae cp and most setae from the caudal apophyses and the right notogastral margin. The gender of the lectotype was not specified, but its length (1391 Μm) falls within the range of the male specimens in the present study. Despite Wallwork’s caution, Łochyńska (2008) used the artefactually short setae le and in to differentiate C. unguifera from C. longisetosa Łochyńska, 2008 . However, setae d 2, e 2 and f 2 of the latter species appear to be longer than those of C. unguifera illustrated herein. Both species have barbed caudal setae.</p><p>Michael (1908) recorded C. unguifera from ‘Fielding’ [Feilding] and ‘Maunga Karetu’ [Maungakaretu], based on material he received from Edwin Bostock. Colloff &amp; Cameron (2009) gave details of the origin and localities of Michael’s (1908) oribatid material (cf. also Baker &amp; Colloff 2006), including mention that Bostock’s samples also included four adults of Holonothrus pulcher Hammer, 1966, labelled “Maunga Karetu [Whangaehu Valley], NZ. J.W.B. Collection 4.2.92 ”.</p><p>Ramsay (1958) included a manuscript description of “ Acronothrus zealandicus sp. nov. ” from The Brothers island group, Cook Strait (cf. also Ramsay 1962), but the species was never published and the name is unavailable. An examination of Ramsay’s description indicates his species is without doubt Crotonia unguifera . The elongated setae cp, the morphology of the caudal apophyses and the barbed caudal setae are identical to those in the present supplementary description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64.text	03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia caudalis (Hammer 1966) Hammer 1966	<div><p>Crotonia caudalis (Hammer, 1966)</p><p>(Figs. 4, 7 c)</p><p>Acronothrus caudalis Hammer, 1966, p. 33, Fig. 40.</p><p>Crotonia caudalis (Hammer, 1966):— Luxton 1982, p. 255, Figs. 7–9. Crotonia caudalis (Hammer, 1966):— Luxton 1985, p. 30.</p><p>Dimensions. Females: mean length (n = 5) 1841 Μm (range 1792–1895 Μm); mean breadth 1018 Μm (range 922– 1069 Μm). Males: mean length (n = 3) 1536 Μm (range 1472–1575 Μm); mean breadth 802 Μm (range 742–896 Μm). Mean ratio of length of prodorsum to total length: 0.31</p><p>Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent; rostral setae (ro) 47 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 4 a). Lamellar setae (le) 304 Μm, recurved, smooth. Lamellar apophyses 140 Μm long, straight, tubular, divergent, as long as mutual distance; extending as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 425 Μm long, slender, smooth, flagelliform, extending as far as curve of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges short (101 Μm). Diameter of bothridium 54 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge broad, U-shaped, with a series of fine, blunt spine-like structures laterally, with an anterior fovea (Fig. 7 c); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with fine ridges and with point of origin near anterior margin. Inter-bothridial ridge faint, marked by diffuse line of tubercles; median field of muscle sigilla well-developed. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose.</p><p>Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.28; broadest at level of bases of setae e 2 (Fig. 4 a). With 13 pairs of notogastral setae; lateral ones smooth, caudal ones barbed. Dorsosejugal suture simple, slightly convex, complete. Pre-notogastral shield with rounded lateral margins, waisted posterior of setae c 3, fused with notogastral shield: transverse hyaline strip absent. Seta c 1 460 Μm long, on well-developed apophyses, flagelliform, smooth, extending almost to bases of lamellar apophyses. Seta c 3 273 Μm long, extending only as far as bothridia. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield fused with lateral notogastral plates: lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) absent. Notogastral shield with sparse tubercles anterior of setae cp, otherwise smooth; margins of shield marked by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as seta f 2 and anteriorly as far as seta cp. Lateral setae and lyrifissures im and ip positioned on broad, smooth strip of cuticle bordered laterally by an additional narrow strip of tubercles. Seta cp flagelliform, 172 Μm long, reflexed; f 2 and e 2 shorter than cp, sub-equal in length (102–140 Μm). Seta d 2 very long (320 Μm), flagelliform, setiform; on short tubercles 98 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, but close together (55 Μm apart) on projecting medial stalk. Apophysis of seta h 2 longer than others (62 Μm), parallel, directed posteriorly; caudal margin between them transverse. Apophysis of seta f 1 short, subequal in length to those of h 1 and h 3 (31–43 Μm), directed posteriolaterally. Apophysis of seta h 1 directed posteriorly, base fused with dorsal surface of apophysis of seta h 2. Apophysis of seta h 3 ventral of others, directed posteriolaterally. All caudal setae barbed; f 1, h 1 and h 3 sub-equal in length (70–94 Μm), seta h 2 slightly longer than others (106 Μm).</p><p>Venter: epimeres porose, sparingly tuberculate along anterior margins (Fig. 4 b); epimeral setae smooth, thick, spiniform, 47–59 Μm long; formula 3-1-3-3; seta 4b no longer than others; 3c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 281 Μm long, 133 Μm broad, with eight thick, setiform setae, 39–62 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, as long as genital setae. Anal plate 398 Μm long, 70 Μm broad, with three thin, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thin, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates U-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, curved, setiform; p 1 longer (62 Μm) and thicker than others, on short tubercles, separated by distance 3 × width of their tubercles (Fig. 4 b).</p><p>Material Examined and Locality Data. Three females, one male, litter of Olearia colensoi, Mount Wharite Ridge. 40°15'S 175°51'E, 885 m, coll. A.V. Spain, 29.x.1966. Two males, two females, Tahurangi Hut, Mount Taranaki [Mt. Egmont], Taranaki. 39°14'S 175° 33'E, 1524 m., coll. J.E. Woodward, 14.xi.1951. Two males, soil site, Wharekaka [Martinborough], Wairarapa. 41°13'S 175°28'E, 20 m., coll. M. Luxton, 22.iv.1965.</p><p>Remarks. Crotonia caudalis can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the fusion of the pre-notogastral and notogastral plate, marked by the absence of a transverse anterior hyaline strip; 2) the fusion of the notogastral shield and the lateral notogastral plates, marked by the absence of longitudinal hyaline strips; 3) the extremely long setae d 2; 4) the long, flagelliform c series setae with c 1 longer than c 3; 5) the bifurcate caudal cluster on a short stalk; 6) the smooth lateral notogastral setae and barbed caudal setae; 7) the two longitudinal rows of tubercles on the dorsum, the median pair marking the position of the margins of the fused notogastral shield and the lateral pair separated from the medial pair by a broad smooth strip of cuticle.</p><p>Crotonia caudalis is morphologically most similar to C. longibulba Luxton, 1982 from New Zealand. Both species have the caudal apophyseal cluster on a prominent stalk but in C. longibulba the apophyses of setae h 2 are elongated and inflated apically whereas in C. caudalis they are not.</p><p>The description of Hammer (1966) has slightly shorter setae c 3 and d 2 than the specimens examined herein. Hammer (1966) described the caudal setae as smooth, though Luxton (1982) illustrated them as barbed. This discrepancy is probably due to differences in microscopy and microtechnique between these two workers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC.text	03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia brachyrostrum (Hammer 1966) Hammer 1966	<div><p>Crotonia brachyrostrum (Hammer, 1966)</p><p>(Figs. 5, 7 d)</p><p>Acronothrus brachyrostrum Hammer, 1966, p. 31, Fig. 39.</p><p>Crotonia brachyrostrum (Hammer, 1966):— Luxton 1982, p. 247.</p><p>Dimensions. Females: mean length (n = 15) 932 Μm (range 853–995 Μm); mean breadth 501 Μm (range 480–530 Μm). Males: mean length (n = 19) 834 Μm (range 793–874 Μm); mean breadth 424 Μm (range 389–464 Μm). Mean ratio of length of prodorsum to total length: 0.32.</p><p>Female. Prodorsum: rostrum well-developed, with very prominent naso, lateral edges incurved; rostral setae (ro) 31 Μm, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 5 a). Lamellar setae (le) 252 Μm, recurved, smooth, flagelliform. Lamellar apophyses 88 Μm, just over half as long as their mutual distance; extending anteriorly beyond apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses three times as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) slender, 263 Μm, flagelliform, smooth; extending anteriorly as far as arc of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges extending half the distance between interlamellar and lamellar apophyses. Diameter of bothridium 40 Μm. Anteriolateral ridge of bothridium elongated, curved, sub-conical, with three lobed ridges (Fig. 7 d). Inter-bothridial ridge and median field of muscle sigilla well-developed. Prodorsum porose.</p><p>Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.36; broadest at level of setae e 2 (Fig. 5 a). Dorsosejugal suture discrete, simple. With 13 pairs of smooth notogastral setae. Pre-notogastral shield rectangular, bearing setiform setae c 1 75 Μm long, and separated from notogastral shield by transverse hyaline strip. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 28 Μm long, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 309 Μm long, extending as far as bases of lamellar apophyses. Dorsal notogaster flat, almost at right angles to lateral plates, lateral margins more-or-less parallel. Notogastral shield discrete, porose; bordered laterally by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as caudal cluster. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) relatively broad, well developed, bearing tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 1. Tubercles of setae f 2 long (31 Μm) prominent, projecting beyond lateral margin. Seta f 2 103 Μm long; cp 52 Μm; e 2 72 Μm. Seta d 2 short (26 Μm), setiform, their bases 175 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland gla slightly anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, separate: 78 Μm apart; caudal margin between them transverse. Caudal region rounded, U-shaped. Setae f 1 93 Μm long, their apophyses projecting posteriolaterally, slightly separated from, and parallel with, those of h 1. Apophysis of seta h 2 72 Μm long, twice length of that of h 1, slightly incurved; seta h 2 100 Μm long; apophyses of setae h 3 ventral to, and parallel of, those of h 1.</p><p>Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 5 b); epimeral setae smooth, spiniform, sub-equal 26–37 Μm long; formula 3-1-3- 3. Genital plates sub-circular; posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 170 Μm long, 108 Μm broad with eight setiform setae; two pairs of aggenital setae, subequal in length to genital setae. Anal plate 52 Μm broad, 222 Μm long with three spiniform setae on posterior half of anal plate; three pairs of adanal setae ad 2-3 setiform, ad 1 spiniform, longer and thicker than others. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates V-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, curved, setiform, p 3 31 Μm, p 2 41 Μm, p 1 36 Μm, on short tubercles; setae p 1 separated by distance twice the width of their tubercles.</p><p>Material Examined and Locality Data. Fifteen females, 19 males, under Nothofagus truncatus, Canaan Track, Caanan Downs Scenic Reserve, Abel Tasman National Park, Nelson, 40°52'S 172°54'E, 530 m., coll. M. Luxton, 15.v.1965.</p><p>Remarks. Crotonia brachyrostrum can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the smooth prodorsal and notogastral setae; 2) the elongated, curved, subconical anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium; 3) the relatively short apophyses of setae h 2, no longer than twice the length of those of h 1; 4) apophyses of setae f 1 are separated from those of h 1; 5) the U-shaped caudal region, broadening posteriorly, broadest at the level of setae e 2; 6) the prominent apophysis of seta f 2, as long as those of f 1 and almost as long as those of h 1; 7) setae c 1 and e 2 are sub-equal in length and longer than cp.</p><p>Crotonia brachyrostrum is morphologically most similar to C. norfolkensis Colloff, 2010 from Norfolk Island. Both C. norfolkensis and C. brachyrostrum have well-developed setae c 3; the apophyses of setae h 2 are relatively short, parallel or converging apically; apophyses of f 1 are separate and those of h 3 shorter than the others and not visible dorsally; the relatively short setae p 1; and setae e 2 are shorter than f 2. Crotonia brachyrostrum differs from C. norfolkensis in that the caudal region is rounded and U-shaped, rather than acute and sub-rectangular and the region between apophyses of setae h 2 is U-shaped rather than transverse; setae d 2 are longer and the anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium is elongated and sub-conical, rather than a blunt D-shaped lobe, and the epimeral setal formula is 3- 1-3-3 rather than 3-1-4-3.</p><p>Hammer (1966) differentiated C. brachyrostrum from C. cophinaria based on a shorter, broader rostrum in ventral view; a strongly-developed interbothridial ridge; a partial dorsosejugal suture; a much shorter seta c 3; the medial caudal margin is U-shaped rather than square and the apophyses of setae h 2 are straight and slightly converging rather than curved and diverging. The material of C. brachyrostrum examined here is consistent with Hammer’s description regarding the interbothridial ridge (it is weakly-developed or absent in C. cophinaria) and caudal apophyses, but setae c 3 are longer, the dorsosejugal margin is complete and the shape of the caudal margin is variable. However, there are a number of additional characters that differentiate the two species. In C. brachyrostrum the caudal setae are smooth and seta f 1 is reflexed, as long as seta h 1 and h 3, and on thin, curved, tubular apophyses at least twice as long as broad. The apophysis of seta h 2 is only twice the length of that of h 1. In C. cophinaria, the caudal setae are barbed; seta f 1 is straight and half the length of seta h 1 and h 3 and a similar length and shape to seta h 2. The apophysis of seta h 2 is at least 5 × the length of that of h 1. In addition, the shape of the bothridial anteriolateral ridge is completely different between the two species (Fig. 7 d, e) and females of C. cophinaria are much larger: 1100–1300 Μm long, 630–700 Μm broad, compared with female C. brachyrostrum: 790–875 Μm long, 390–465 Μm broad.</p><p>Luxton (1982) made C. brachyrostrum a junior synonym of C. cophinaria (Michael, 1908) on the basis that “The differences from C. cophinaria noted by Hammer (1966) for C. brachyrostrum are readily encompassed by the obvious variability seen between individuals and do not appear to warrant separate specific status.” Luxton’s (1982) decision was not accepted by Colloff (2009a) because it was not based on an examination of type material and the morphological differences between the two are more than can be explained by intra-species variation. This view is confirmed by the additional characters listed above that can be used consistently to differentiate the two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFABFFB80397FC25FC75FCEB.text	03C1AF2EFFABFFB80397FC25FC75FCEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia cophinaria (Michael 1908) Michael 1908	<div><p>Crotonia cophinaria (Michael, 1908)</p><p>(Figs. 6, 7 e)</p><p>Nothrus cophinarius Michael, 1908, p. 142, pl. 19, Figs. 13–16.</p><p>Acronothrus cophinarius (Mich.):— Hammer 1966, p. 30, Fig. 38.</p><p>Crotonia cophinaria (Mich., 1908): Wallwork 1977b, p. 515, Figs. 1–5. Crotonia cophinaria (Michael, 1908):— Luxton 1982, p. 247, Figs. 1, 2. Acronothrus brachyrostrum Hammer, 1966:— Luxton 1982, p. 247.</p><p>Dimensions. Female length 1240 Μm, breadth 679 Μm (n = 1). Ratio of length of prodorsum to total length: 0.3. Female. Prodorsum: rostrum well-developed, with prominent naso; rostral setae (ro) 34 Μm long, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 6 a). Lamellar setae (le) 218 Μm long, recurved, sparingly barbed, flagelliform apically. Lamellar apophyses 126 Μm long, diverging, almost as long as their mutual distance; extending anteriorly beyond apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses three times as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) well-developed, 344 Μm long, flagelliform apically, smooth; extending beyond arc of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges extending two-thirds of the distance between interlamellar and lamellar apophyses. Diameter of bothridium 42 Μm. Anteriolateral ridge of bothridium elongated, broadly conical, with one lobed ridge (Fig. 7 e). Inter-bothridial ridge very faint or absent; median field of muscle sigilla well-developed. Prodorsum porose.</p><p>Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.55; broadest at level of setae e 2 (Fig. 6 a). Dorsosejugal suture discrete, simple. With 13 pairs of notogastral setae; lateral ones smooth, caudal ones barbed. Pre-notogastral shield rectangular, separated from notogastral shield by transverse hyaline strip bearing setiform setae c 1 (57 Μm long). Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 29 Μm long, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform apically, 258 Μm long, extending beyond bases of lamellar apophyses. Dorsal notogaster flat, almost at right angles to lateral notogastral plates, lateral margins more-or-less parallel, posterior region curved, acute. Notogastral shield porose, discrete, margins oval; bordered laterally by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly to between setae f 1 and f 2. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) relatively broad, well developed, bearing tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 1. Tubercles of setae f 2 short (17 Μm), projecting just beyond lateral margin. Seta f 2 curved, 52 Μm long; cp 103 Μm; e 2 86 Μm. Seta d 2 minute (22 Μm), setiform, bases of d 2 180 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland gla slightly anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, separate: 93 Μm apart; caudal margin between them Ushaped. Caudal region elongate, V-shaped. Seta f 1 81 Μm long, barbed, their apophyses projecting laterally or posteriolaterally, well separated from those of h 1. Apophysis of seta h 2 126 Μm, 5 × length of that of h 1, diverging apically. Seta h 2 80 Μm long; apophyses of setae h 3 ventral to, and parallel of, those of h 1.</p><p>Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 6 b); epimeral setae smooth, spiniform, sub-equal 17–29 Μm long; formula 3-1-3- 3. Genital plates sub-circular; posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 218 Μm long, 132 Μm broad with eight setiform setae; two pairs of aggenital setae, subequal in length to genital setae. Anal plate 40 Μm broad, 293 Μm long with three spiniform setae on central and posterior half of anal plate; three pairs of adanal setae ad 2-3 setiform, ad 1 spiniform, longer and thicker than others. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates V-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, curved, setiform, p 3 46 Μm, p 2 34 Μm, p 1 52 Μm, on short tubercles; setae p 1 separated by distance 3 × the width of their tubercles.</p><p>Material examined and locality data. One adult, litter of Olearia colensoi, Mount Wharite Ridge, 40°15'S 175°51'E, 885 m., coll. A.V. Spain, 29.x.1966.</p><p>Remarks. Crotonia cophinaria can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the elongated, broadly conical anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium, with one lobed ridge; 2) setae cp and e 2 are sub-equal in length and longer than c 1; 3) the curved, acute posterior region of the notogastral plate; 4) the very short setae d 2, their bases further apart than the distance between setae c 1; 5) the barbed setae f 2 and caudal setae; 6) the very long, prominent apophyses of setae h 2, five times the length of those of h 1 and diverging apically; 7) apophyses of setae f 1 are separated from those of h 1.</p><p>Crotonia cophinaria is morphologically most similar to Australian members of the Cophinaria species group: C. pyemaireneri Colloff, 2009 from Tasmania, C. momitoi Colloff &amp; Perdomo, 2009 from Victoria and C. jethurmerae Lee 1985 from South Australia. These species share the barbed caudal setae of the h series and f 1, but C. jethurmerae and C. momitoi have much longer setae c 1 and C. momitoi has much longer setae d 2. Crotonia cophinaria differs from C. pyemaireneri in having strongly diverging apophyses of seta h 2, rather than strongly incurved ones; very short setae f 2 and cp, whereas in C. pyemaireneri these setae are longer than c 3. Differences between C. cophinaria, based on the supplementary description by Luxton (1982) and C. brachyrostrum have been detailed above (cf. Remarks section for C. brachyrostrum).</p><p>Wallwork (1977b) redescribed C. cophinaria, designated a lectotype and commented on discrepancies between the description by Michael (1908), the supplementary description of Hammer (1966) and his own redescription. The same limitations apply to his redescription of C. cophinaria as to that of C. unguifera because of Michael’s use of Canada Balsam mountant (cf. Remarks section for that species above). Wallwork (1997b, his Fig. 1) illustrated the prodorsal setae much shorter and thicker than they really are, and the caudal setae are covered in the tritonymphal cerotegument and illustrated as smooth rather than barbed. The lectotype has lost both setae c 1. Wallwork (1977b) considered that Michael’s specimen from Maungakaretu may represent a subspecies. It differs from the lectotype in that the notogaster is entirely tuberculate, the lamellar apophyses are half as long as their mutual distance and the apophyses of setae h 1 are fused to the base of h 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFABFFB80397FC25FC75FCEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFB6FFA70397FF35FA2DFBB9.text	03C1AF2EFFB6FFA70397FF35FA2DFBB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crotonia	<div><p>Key to species of Crotonia from New Zealand (including Campbell Island)</p><p>This key applies to males and females.</p><p>1. Caudal apophyses f 1, h 1, h 2 and h 3 short, only slightly longer than wide, subequal in length, projecting dorsally from rounded caudal margin............................................................ Lanceolata group… C. brevicornuta</p><p>- With caudal apophyses not as above....................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Caudal apophyses bilaterally separated, h 2 2–5 × longer than other caudal setae.................... Cophinaria group...3</p><p>- With caudal apophyses on median stalk or, if separate, h 2 not markedly longer than others............................ 4</p><p>3. Caudal apophyses of seta h 2 long, ca. 4–5´length of that of h 1........................................ C. cophinaria</p><p>- Caudal apophyses of seta h 2 short, ca. 2´length of that of h 1....................................... C. brachyrostrum</p><p>4. Notogastral margins discrete; suprapleural suture (hyaline strip) present.......................................... 5</p><p>- Notogastral margins diffuse, suprapleural suture absent.......................................... Obtecta group…9</p><p>5. Notogastral shield narrow, sides parallel..................................................... Unguifera group…6</p><p>- Notogastral shield broad, sides convex, cuticle reticulate.............................. Flagellata group… C. reticulata</p><p>6. Suprapleural suture extending to point between setae e 2 and f 2........................................ C. cervicorna</p><p>- Suprapleural suture extending as far as seta f 2 or posterior thereof................................................ 7</p><p>7. Notogastral setae d 2-3, e 2 and f 2 relatively long; at least as long as half the distance between bases of adjacent setae................................................................................................... C. longisetosa</p><p>- Notogastral setae d 2-3, e 2 and f 2 very short; less than a quarter of the distance between bases of adjacent setae............. 8</p><p>8. Lamellar and caudal setae barbed................................................................ C. unguifera</p><p>- Lamellar and caudal setae smooth......................................................... C. ramsayi sp. nov.</p><p>9. Notogastral shield heavily tuberculate.......................................................... C. tuberculata</p><p>- Notogastral shield not heavily tuberculate................................................................. 10</p><p>10. Seta h 2 in cup-shaped apophysis.................................................................. C. cupulata</p><p>- Seta h 2 on apex of cylindrical or swollen apophysis.......................................................... 11</p><p>11. Apophysis of seta h 2 swollen apically............................................................ C. longibulba</p><p>- Apophysis of seta h 2 not swollen apically.................................................................. 12</p><p>12. Caudal apophyses on median stalk some distance from notogastral margin................................ C. caudalis</p><p>- Caudal apophyses not on median stalk, on notogastral margin........................................... C. obtecta</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1AF2EFFB6FFA70397FF35FA2DFBB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Colloff, Matthew J.	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
