taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.taxon	description	Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent, lateral edges incurved; rostral setae (ro) 30 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 1 a). Lamellar setae (le) 248 Μm, recurved, smooth. Lamellar apophyses 79 Μm long, straight, tubular, more-or-less parallel, less than half as long as mutual distance; extending anteriorly as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 266 Μm long, slender, smooth, flagelliform, extending anteriorly just beyond apices of lamellar apophyses. Prodorsal ridges short (42 Μm), barely developed. Diameter of bothridium 46 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge relatively narrow, with three blunt projections anteriorly, blunt lateral spine and posterior projection (Fig. 7 a); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with well-developed ridges and with point of origin near lateral margin. Interbothridial ridge a faint shallow curve without median invagination. Median field of muscle sigilla present. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose. Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.48; broadest between bases of setae cp and e 2 (Fig. 1 a). Dorsosejugal suture simple, incomplete, with sparse tubercles. With 13 pairs of smooth notogastral setae. Pre-notogastral shield broader than notogastral shield, with rounded lateral margins; waisted at junction with notogastral shield, junction marked by transverse hyaline strip bearing long (441 Μm), flagelliform setae c 1 on well-developed tubercles. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 33 Μm, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 382 Μm long, recurved. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield elongated with slightly convex lateral margins, porose medially; bordered laterally by narrow strips of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) well developed, thin, bearing squat tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 2, extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. With narrow, porose strip lateral of hyaline strip bearing lyrifissure im, extending from posterior of seta cp to lyrifissure ip; lateral notogastral plates tuberculate. Setae cp, e 2 and f 2 short, curved, sub-equal in length (36 – 48 Μm). Setae d 2 short (37 Μm), thin, straight, setiform; bases 109 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, not on medial stalk; apophyses of seta h 2 longest, parallel, directed posteriorly, apices slightly bulbous (Fig. 2 a); caudal margin between them transverse. Apophysis of setae f 1 directed posteriodorsally, h 1 directed posteriorly; apophyses short, parallel, slightly bulbous, adjacent, emerging from caudal margin dorsal of apophyses of setae h 2. Apophyses of setae h 3 subequal to those of f 1 and h 1; anterior, ventral and lateral of them. Setae f 1 66 Μm long, flagelliform; h 1 42 Μm long, setiform; h 2 60 Μm long, spiniform, sparingly barbed; h 3 33 Μm long, setiform. Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 1 b); epimeral setae except 4 b smooth, thin, setiform, 27 – 36 Μm long; formula 3 - 1 - 3 - 3; seta 4 b longer than others (62 Μm), spiniform, 3 c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight, posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 217 Μm long, 121 Μm broad, with eight thin, setiform setae, 24 – 36 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, subequal in length to genital setae. Anal plate 314 Μm long, 48 Μm broad, with three thin, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thin, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates V-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, thin, setiform, p 3 25 Μm, p 2 23 Μm, p 1 48 Μm, on short tubercles; setae p 1 separated by distance 3´width of their tubercles (Fig. 1 b).	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.taxon	materials_examined	Type designation, material examined and locality data. Holotype female, eight paratype females, eight paratype males, Coprosoma cyanthoides litter, Dun Mountain Track, Nelson, 41 ° 19 ' S 173 ° 19 ' E, 610 m., coll. G. W. Ramsay, 7. iii. 1972. Holotype and paratypes deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of its collector, Graeme W. Ramsay.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA2FFB00397FABDFD42FF53.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Crotonia ramsayi sp. nov. can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the prominent naso; 2) the thin, parallel lamellar apophyses, extending beyond the rostral setae; 3) the bothridial ridge with several blunt projections; 4) the broad pre-notogastral shield, waisted at its junction with notogastral shield and separated by a transverse hyaline strip; 5) the two pairs of very long, smooth c setae; 6) the smooth lateral notogastral setae, sub-equal in length, 7) the relatively narrow notogastral plate, with marginal rows of tubercles and bounded by a thin hyaline strip with a broader strip laterally; 8) the bilateral caudal apophyseal cluster, joined basally, with smooth setae; 9) the apically bulbous apophysis of seta h 2; 10) the long spiniform epimeral seta 4 b; 11) the eight pairs of thin genital setae. Crotonia ramsayi sp. nov. is a member of the Unguifera species-group. It is morphologically most similar to C. unguifera (cf. below) with which it shares the prominent naso, the transverse hyaline strip separating the narrow notogastral shield from the broader pre-notogastral shield, waisted at the junction; the flagelliform c setae and the short, bilateral caudal apophyseal cluster. It differs in that the lamellar and caudal setae are smooth rather than barbed; the bothridial ridge is angled and with several blunt projections, rather than being rounded and crenellated; the lateral notogastral setae are sub-equal in length, rather than with cp considerably longer than the others and apophyses of setae f 1 are not joined to those of h 1, point posteriodorsally, are medial of those of h 2, rather than pointing dorsolaterally and positioned lateral of apophyses of h 2. The notogastral plate of C. ramsayi is narrow with convex margins, whereas in C. unguifera the margins are more-or-less parallel. Also, setae 4 b of C. ramsayi are much longer and thicker than those of C. unguifera and the genital setae are thin and setiform, rather than thick and spiniform and setae p 1 are smooth and closer together.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC.taxon	description	Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent; rostral setae (ro) 53 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 3 a). Lamellar seta (le) 219 Μm, recurved, sparingly barbed. Lamellar apophysis 120 Μm long, straight, tubular, more-orless parallel, almost as long as mutual distance; extending anteriorly as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophysis twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 418 Μm long, slender, sparingly barbed or smooth, flagelliform, extending anteriorly beyond apex of curve of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges not apparent. Diameter of bothridium 55 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge broadly convex, irregular, with a median fovea and crenellated ridges (Fig. 7 b); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with well-developed ridges and with point of origin near lateral margin. Inter-bothridial ridge and median field of muscle sigilla not apparent. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose. Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.35; broadest at level of bases of setae e 2 (Fig. 3 a). With 13 pairs of notogastral setae; lateral ones smooth, caudal ones barbed. Dorsosejugal suture simple, slightly convex, complete. Pre-notogastral shield broader than notogastral shield, with rounded lateral margins; waisted at junction with notogastral shield marked by transverse hyaline strip bearing apically-flagelliform seta c 1 (113 Μm long) on welldeveloped tubercles. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 40 Μm long, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 485 Μm long, recurved. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield elongated with margins more-or-less parallel, with minute foveolae medially; bordered laterally by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as lyrifissure ip. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) narrow, bearing squat tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 2, extending posteriorly beyond lyrifissure ip. With narrow, porose strip lateral of hyaline strip bearing lyrifissure im, extending from posterior of seta cp to lyrifissure ip; lateral notogastral plates porose. Setae e 2 and f 2 short, curved, sub-equal in length (53 – 60 Μm); seta cp much longer (120 Μm). Setae d 2 very short (33 Μm), curved, setiform; bases 106 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned just anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, not on medial stalk (Fig. 2 b); apophysis of seta h 2 slightly longer than others, parallel, directed posteriorly, slightly waisted; caudal margin between them convex. Apophysis of seta f 1 short, directed vertically (Fig. 2 b); base of apophysis of seta h 1 fused with lateral surface of apophysis of seta f 1, sub-equal in length, slightly bulbous basally, directed posteriolaterally, emerging from caudal margin dorsal and lateral of apophyses of setae h 2. Apophyses of setae h 3 slightly shorter than others, positioned ventral and lateral of them. All caudal setae barbed; f 1 83 Μm long, setiform; h 1 83 Μm, h 2 50 Μm, h 3 66 Μm. Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 3 b); epimeral setae smooth, thick, spiniform, 33 – 46 Μm long; formula 3 - 1 - 3 - 3; seta 3 a and 4 b sub-equal in length, slightly longer than others (60 Μm); 3 c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 305 Μm long, 153 Μm broad, with eight thick, setiform setae, 43 – 54 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, shorter than genital setae. Anal plate 412 Μm long, 63 Μm broad, with three thick, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thick, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates U-shaped. Setae p 2 - 3 smooth, curved, setiform, 47 Μm long, p 1 barbed, 66 Μm long, on short tubercles, separated by distance 6 × width of their tubercles (Fig. 3 b).	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined and Locality Data. four females, 13 males, salt meadow, North Brother Island, Cook Strait, 41 ° 7 ' S, 174 ° 27 ' E, 10 m., coll. G. W. Ramsay, 12 – 19. v. 1956. Three females, three males, Chionchloa sp., beating [foliage], Dun Mountain Track, Nelson, 41 ° 19 ' S 173 ° 24 ' E, 610 m., coll. G. W. Ramsay, 7. iii. 1972. Soil site, Wharekaka [Martinborough], Wairarapa, 41 ° 13 ' S 175 ° 28 ' E, 20 m., coll. M. Luxton, 22. iv. 1965. Twelve adults, beating, Kelceys [Kelsey’s] Bush, Waimate, 44 ° 45 ' S 171 ° 0 ' E, 175 m., coll. G. W. Ramsay, 20. i. 1966.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFA1FFBE0397FE37FE71FCAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Crotonia unguifera can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the sparingly barbed c series setae; 2) setae cp are twice the length of setae e 2 and f 2; 3) the lateral margins of the notogastral plate have a line of tubercles; 4) the suprapleural scissure extending posteriorly to a point between lyrifissure ip and caudal apophyses; 5) the barbed caudal setae on bilateral apophyses arising from hysterosoma, not on a caudal stalk; 6) the caudal apophyses of seta h 1 emerging laterally from dorsally-directed apophysis of seta f 1; 7) setae p 2 – 3 are smooth, p 1 is barbed; 8) the aggenital region is tuberculate; 9) epimeral setae 3 a and 4 b are longer than the other epimeral setae.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64.taxon	description	Female. Prodorsum: rostrum prominent; rostral setae (ro) 47 Μm long, straight, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 4 a). Lamellar setae (le) 304 Μm, recurved, smooth. Lamellar apophyses 140 Μm long, straight, tubular, divergent, as long as mutual distance; extending as far as apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses twice as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) 425 Μm long, slender, smooth, flagelliform, extending as far as curve of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges short (101 Μm). Diameter of bothridium 54 Μm; anteriolateral auriculate ridge broad, U-shaped, with a series of fine, blunt spine-like structures laterally, with an anterior fovea (Fig. 7 c); hexagonal reticulations of operculum sparingly ornamented with fine ridges and with point of origin near anterior margin. Inter-bothridial ridge faint, marked by diffuse line of tubercles; median field of muscle sigilla well-developed. Prodorsal microsculpture smooth, porose. Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.28; broadest at level of bases of setae e 2 (Fig. 4 a). With 13 pairs of notogastral setae; lateral ones smooth, caudal ones barbed. Dorsosejugal suture simple, slightly convex, complete. Pre-notogastral shield with rounded lateral margins, waisted posterior of setae c 3, fused with notogastral shield: transverse hyaline strip absent. Seta c 1 460 Μm long, on well-developed apophyses, flagelliform, smooth, extending almost to bases of lamellar apophyses. Seta c 3 273 Μm long, extending only as far as bothridia. Hysterosoma bulbous, inflated, lozenge-shaped. Notogastral shield fused with lateral notogastral plates: lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) absent. Notogastral shield with sparse tubercles anterior of setae cp, otherwise smooth; margins of shield marked by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as seta f 2 and anteriorly as far as seta cp. Lateral setae and lyrifissures im and ip positioned on broad, smooth strip of cuticle bordered laterally by an additional narrow strip of tubercles. Seta cp flagelliform, 172 Μm long, reflexed; f 2 and e 2 shorter than cp, sub-equal in length (102 – 140 Μm). Seta d 2 very long (320 Μm), flagelliform, setiform; on short tubercles 98 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland opening gla positioned anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, but close together (55 Μm apart) on projecting medial stalk. Apophysis of seta h 2 longer than others (62 Μm), parallel, directed posteriorly; caudal margin between them transverse. Apophysis of seta f 1 short, subequal in length to those of h 1 and h 3 (31 – 43 Μm), directed posteriolaterally. Apophysis of seta h 1 directed posteriorly, base fused with dorsal surface of apophysis of seta h 2. Apophysis of seta h 3 ventral of others, directed posteriolaterally. All caudal setae barbed; f 1, h 1 and h 3 sub-equal in length (70 – 94 Μm), seta h 2 slightly longer than others (106 Μm). Venter: epimeres porose, sparingly tuberculate along anterior margins (Fig. 4 b); epimeral setae smooth, thick, spiniform, 47 – 59 Μm long; formula 3 - 1 - 3 - 3; seta 4 b no longer than others; 3 c on well-developed tubercle. Genital plates sub-circular, posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 281 Μm long, 133 Μm broad, with eight thick, setiform setae, 39 – 62 Μm long; two pairs of aggenital setae, as long as genital setae. Anal plate 398 Μm long, 70 Μm broad, with three thin, setiform setae on central and posterior part of plate; three pairs of thin, setiform adanal setae. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates U-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, curved, setiform; p 1 longer (62 Μm) and thicker than others, on short tubercles, separated by distance 3 × width of their tubercles (Fig. 4 b).	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined and Locality Data. Three females, one male, litter of Olearia colensoi, Mount Wharite Ridge. 40 ° 15 ' S 175 ° 51 ' E, 885 m, coll. A. V. Spain, 29. x. 1966. Two males, two females, Tahurangi Hut, Mount Taranaki [Mt. Egmont], Taranaki. 39 ° 14 ' S 175 ° 33 ' E, 1524 m., coll. J. E. Woodward, 14. xi. 1951. Two males, soil site, Wharekaka [Martinborough], Wairarapa. 41 ° 13 ' S 175 ° 28 ' E, 20 m., coll. M. Luxton, 22. iv. 1965.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFAFFFBC0397FC10FA8CFE64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Crotonia caudalis can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the fusion of the pre-notogastral and notogastral plate, marked by the absence of a transverse anterior hyaline strip; 2) the fusion of the notogastral shield and the lateral notogastral plates, marked by the absence of longitudinal hyaline strips; 3) the extremely long setae d 2; 4) the long, flagelliform c series setae with c 1 longer than c 3; 5) the bifurcate caudal cluster on a short stalk; 6) the smooth lateral notogastral setae and barbed caudal setae; 7) the two longitudinal rows of tubercles on the dorsum, the median pair marking the position of the margins of the fused notogastral shield and the lateral pair separated from the medial pair by a broad smooth strip of cuticle.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC.taxon	description	Female. Prodorsum: rostrum well-developed, with very prominent naso, lateral edges incurved; rostral setae (ro) 31 Μm, spiniform, smooth (Fig. 5 a). Lamellar setae (le) 252 Μm, recurved, smooth, flagelliform. Lamellar apophyses 88 Μm, just over half as long as their mutual distance; extending anteriorly beyond apices of rostral setae. Interlamellar apophyses three times as long as broad; interlamellar setae (in) slender, 263 Μm, flagelliform, smooth; extending anteriorly as far as arc of lamellar setae. Prodorsal ridges extending half the distance between interlamellar and lamellar apophyses. Diameter of bothridium 40 Μm. Anteriolateral ridge of bothridium elongated, curved, sub-conical, with three lobed ridges (Fig. 7 d). Inter-bothridial ridge and median field of muscle sigilla well-developed. Prodorsum porose. Notogaster: ratio of length to breadth 1.36; broadest at level of setae e 2 (Fig. 5 a). Dorsosejugal suture discrete, simple. With 13 pairs of smooth notogastral setae. Pre-notogastral shield rectangular, bearing setiform setae c 1 75 Μm long, and separated from notogastral shield by transverse hyaline strip. Apophyses of setae c 3 prominent, 28 Μm long, at least twice as long as broad; setae c 3 flagelliform, 309 Μm long, extending as far as bases of lamellar apophyses. Dorsal notogaster flat, almost at right angles to lateral plates, lateral margins more-or-less parallel. Notogastral shield discrete, porose; bordered laterally by narrow strip of small tubercles extending posteriorly as far as caudal cluster. Lateral hyaline strip (suprapleural scissure) relatively broad, well developed, bearing tubercles of setae cp, e 2 and f 1. Tubercles of setae f 2 long (31 Μm) prominent, projecting beyond lateral margin. Seta f 2 103 Μm long; cp 52 Μm; e 2 72 Μm. Seta d 2 short (26 Μm), setiform, their bases 175 Μm apart. Opisthonotal gland gla slightly anterior of f 2. Caudal apophyseal cluster bilateral, separate: 78 Μm apart; caudal margin between them transverse. Caudal region rounded, U-shaped. Setae f 1 93 Μm long, their apophyses projecting posteriolaterally, slightly separated from, and parallel with, those of h 1. Apophysis of seta h 2 72 Μm long, twice length of that of h 1, slightly incurved; seta h 2 100 Μm long; apophyses of setae h 3 ventral to, and parallel of, those of h 1. Venter: epimeres porose (Fig. 5 b); epimeral setae smooth, spiniform, sub-equal 26 – 37 Μm long; formula 3 - 1 - 3 - 3. Genital plates sub-circular; posterior margin straight posteriolateral margin straight, angled obtusely to posterior margin; each plate 170 Μm long, 108 Μm broad with eight setiform setae; two pairs of aggenital setae, subequal in length to genital setae. Anal plate 52 Μm broad, 222 Μm long with three spiniform setae on posterior half of anal plate; three pairs of adanal setae ad 2 - 3 setiform, ad 1 spiniform, longer and thicker than others. Ventral margin of notogaster surrounding anal plates V-shaped. Setae of p series smooth, curved, setiform, p 3 31 Μm, p 2 41 Μm, p 1 36 Μm, on short tubercles; setae p 1 separated by distance twice the width of their tubercles.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined and Locality Data. Fifteen females, 19 males, under Nothofagus truncatus, Canaan Track, Caanan Downs Scenic Reserve, Abel Tasman National Park, Nelson, 40 ° 52 ' S 172 ° 54 ' E, 530 m., coll. M. Luxton, 15. v. 1965.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFADFFBA0397FDD8FF59FCBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Crotonia brachyrostrum can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the smooth prodorsal and notogastral setae; 2) the elongated, curved, subconical anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium; 3) the relatively short apophyses of setae h 2, no longer than twice the length of those of h 1; 4) apophyses of setae f 1 are separated from those of h 1; 5) the U-shaped caudal region, broadening posteriorly, broadest at the level of setae e 2; 6) the prominent apophysis of seta f 2, as long as those of f 1 and almost as long as those of h 1; 7) setae c 1 and e 2 are sub-equal in length and longer than cp. Crotonia brachyrostrum is morphologically most similar to C. norfolkensis Colloff, 2010 from Norfolk Island. Both C. norfolkensis and C. brachyrostrum have well-developed setae c 3; the apophyses of setae h 2 are relatively short, parallel or converging apically; apophyses of f 1 are separate and those of h 3 shorter than the others and not visible dorsally; the relatively short setae p 1; and setae e 2 are shorter than f 2. Crotonia brachyrostrum differs from C. norfolkensis in that the caudal region is rounded and U-shaped, rather than acute and sub-rectangular and the region between apophyses of setae h 2 is U-shaped rather than transverse; setae d 2 are longer and the anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium is elongated and sub-conical, rather than a blunt D-shaped lobe, and the epimeral setal formula is 3 - 1 - 3 - 3 rather than 3 - 1 - 4 - 3. Hammer (1966) differentiated C. brachyrostrum from C. cophinaria based on a shorter, broader rostrum in ventral view; a strongly-developed interbothridial ridge; a partial dorsosejugal suture; a much shorter seta c 3; the medial caudal margin is U-shaped rather than square and the apophyses of setae h 2 are straight and slightly converging rather than curved and diverging. The material of C. brachyrostrum examined here is consistent with Hammer’s description regarding the interbothridial ridge (it is weakly-developed or absent in C. cophinaria) and caudal apophyses, but setae c 3 are longer, the dorsosejugal margin is complete and the shape of the caudal margin is variable. However, there are a number of additional characters that differentiate the two species. In C. brachyrostrum the caudal setae are smooth and seta f 1 is reflexed, as long as seta h 1 and h 3, and on thin, curved, tubular apophyses at least twice as long as broad. The apophysis of seta h 2 is only twice the length of that of h 1. In C. cophinaria, the caudal setae are barbed; seta f 1 is straight and half the length of seta h 1 and h 3 and a similar length and shape to seta h 2. The apophysis of seta h 2 is at least 5 × the length of that of h 1. In addition, the shape of the bothridial anteriolateral ridge is completely different between the two species (Fig. 7 d, e) and females of C. cophinaria are much larger: 1100 – 1300 Μm long, 630 – 700 Μm broad, compared with female C. brachyrostrum: 790 – 875 Μm long, 390 – 465 Μm broad. Luxton (1982) made C. brachyrostrum a junior synonym of C. cophinaria (Michael, 1908) on the basis that “ The differences from C. cophinaria noted by Hammer (1966) for C. brachyrostrum are readily encompassed by the obvious variability seen between individuals and do not appear to warrant separate specific status. ” Luxton’s (1982) decision was not accepted by Colloff (2009 a) because it was not based on an examination of type material and the morphological differences between the two are more than can be explained by intra-species variation. This view is confirmed by the additional characters listed above that can be used consistently to differentiate the two species.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFABFFB80397FC25FC75FCEB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined and locality data. One adult, litter of Olearia colensoi, Mount Wharite Ridge, 40 ° 15 ' S 175 ° 51 ' E, 885 m., coll. A. V. Spain, 29. x. 1966.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
03C1AF2EFFABFFB80397FC25FC75FCEB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Crotonia cophinaria can be differentiated from other members of the genus based on the following combination of characters: 1) the elongated, broadly conical anteriolateral ridge of the bothridium, with one lobed ridge; 2) setae cp and e 2 are sub-equal in length and longer than c 1; 3) the curved, acute posterior region of the notogastral plate; 4) the very short setae d 2, their bases further apart than the distance between setae c 1; 5) the barbed setae f 2 and caudal setae; 6) the very long, prominent apophyses of setae h 2, five times the length of those of h 1 and diverging apically; 7) apophyses of setae f 1 are separated from those of h 1.	en	Colloff, Matthew J. (2015): The Crotonia fauna of New Zealand revisited (Acari: Oribatida): taxonomy, phylogeny, ecological distribution and biogeography. Zootaxa 3947 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.1.1
